刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记.docx
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刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记
英国文学简史完全版
AConciseHistoryofBritishLiterature
Chapter1EnglishLiteratureofAnglo-SaxonPeriod
1.Thehistoricalbackground
（1）BeforetheGermanicinvasion
（2）DuringtheGermanicinvasion
a.immigration;
b.Christianity;
c.heptarchy.
d.socialclassesstructure:
hide-hundred;eoldermen
thane-middleclass（freemen）-lowerclass（slave
theow）;
e.socialorganization:
clanortribes.
f.militaryOrganization;
g.Churchfunction:
spirit,civilservice,education;
h.economy:
coins,trade,slavery;
i.feastsandfestival:
Halloween,Easter;j.legalsystem.
2.TheOverviewoftheculture
（1）ThemixtureofpaganandChristianspirit.
（2）Literature:
a.poetry:
twotypes;b.prose:
twofigures.
1.Ageneralintroduction.
2.Thecontent.
3.Theliteraryfeatures.
（1）theuseofalliteration
（2）theuseofmetaphorsandunderstatements
（3）themixtureofpaganandChristianelements
OldEnglishProse
isprose?
（1）TheVenerableBede
（2）AlfredtheGreat
Chapter2EnglishLiteratureoftheLateMedievalAges
1.TheHistoricalBackground.
（1）Theyear1066:
NormanConquest.
（2）Thesocialsituationssoonaftertheconquest.
A.Normannoblesandserfs;
B.restorationofthechurch.
（3）The11thcentury.
A.thecrusadeandknights.
B.dominanceofFrenchandLatin;
（4）The12thcentury.
A.thecentralizedgovernment;
B.kingsandthechurch（HenryIIandThomas）;
（5）The13thcentury.
A.ThelegendofRobinHood;
B.MagnaCarta（1215）;
C.thebeginningoftheParliament
D.EnglishandLatin:
officiallanguages（theend）
（6）The14thcentury.
a.theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons—conflictbetween
theParliamentandKings;
b.theriseoftowns.
c.thechangeofChurch.
d.theroleofwomen.
e.theHundredYears'War—starting.
f.thedevelopmentofthetrade:
London.
g.theBlackDeath.
h.thePeasants'Revolt—1381.
i.ThetranslationofBiblebyWycliff.
（7）The15thcentury.
a.ThePeasantsRevolt（1453）
b.TheWarofRosesbetweenLancastersandYorks.
2.TheOverviewofLiterature.
（1）thestoriesfromtheCelticlandsofWalesandBrittany—greatmythsoftheMiddleAges.
（2）GeoffryeofMonmout—HistoriaRegumBritanniae—King
Authur.
（3）Wace—LeRomandeBrut.
（4）Theromanee.
（5）thesecondhalfofthe14theentury:
Langland,Gawinpoet,
Chaucer.
GawinandGreenKnight.
1.ageneralintroduction.
2.theplot.
Langland.
1.Life
2.PiersthePlowman
1.Life
2.LiteraryCareer:
threeperiods
（1）Frenchperiod
（2）Italianperiod
（3）masterperiod
3.TheCanterburyTales
A.TheFramework;
B.TheGeneralPrologue;
C.TheTaleProper.
4.HisContribution.
（1）HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes.
（2）HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglish
Ianguage.
（3）ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandard
forthemodernEnglishspeech.
V.PopularBallads.
MaloryandEnglishProse
beginningofEnglishDrama.
1.MiraclePlays.
MiracleplayormysteryplayisaformofmedievaldramathatcamefromdramatizationoftheliturgyoftheRomanCatholicChurch.
Itdevelopedfromthe10thtothe16thcentury,reachingitsheightinthe15thcentury.Thesimplelyriccharacteroftheearlytextswasenlargedbytheadditionofdialogueanddramaticaction.
Eventuallytheperformaneewasmovedtothechurchyardandthemarketplace.
2.MoralityPlays.
Amoralityplayisaplayenforcingamoraltruthorlessonbymeansofthespeechandactionofcharacterswhicharepersonifiedabstractions—figuresrepresentingvicesandvirtues,qualities
ofthehumanmind,orabstractconceptionsingeneral.
3.Interlude.
Theinterlude,whichgrewoutofthemorality,wasintended,as
itsnameimplies,tobeusedmoreasafillerthanasthemainpartofanentertainment.Asitsbestitwasshort,witty,simplein
plot,suitedforthediversionofguestsatabanquet,orforthe
relaxationoftheaudieneebetweenthedivisionsofaseriousplay.
Itwasessentiallyanindoorsperformanee,andgenerallyofanaristocraticnature.
Chapter3EnglishLiteratureintheRenaissaneeHistorical
Background
II.TheOverviewoftheLiterature（1485-1660）
Printing
press—
readership
—growth
ofmiddle
class—trade-education
for
laypeople-centralization
of
power-intellectual
life-exploration-newimpetus
anddirection
of
literature.
Humanism-study
ofthe
literature
ofclassical
antiquity
and
reformededucation.
Literarystyle-modeledontheancients.
Theeffectofhumanism-thedisseminationofthecultivated,clear,andsensibleattitudeofitsclassicallyeducatedadherents.
1.poetry
ThefirsttendencybySidneyandSpenser:
ornate,florid,highly
figuredstyle.
ThesecondtendencybyDonne:
metaphysicalstyle—complexityandingenuity.
ThethirdtendencybyJohnson:
reactionClassicallypureand
restrainedstyle.
ThefourthtendencybyMilton:
centralChristianandBiblicaltradition.
2.Drama
a.thenativetraditionandclassicalexamples.
b.thedramastandshighestinpopularestimation:
Marlowe-
Shakespeare-Jonson.
3.Prose
a.translationofBible;
b.More;
c.Bacon.
poetry.
1.SirThomasWyattandHenryHoward（courtlymakers）
（1）Wyatt:
introducingsonnets.
（2）Howard:
introducingsonnetsandwritingthefirstblankverse.
2.SirPhilipSidney——poet,critic,prosewriter
（1）Life:
a.Englishgentleman;
b.brilliantandfascinatingpersonality;
c.courtier.
（2）works
a.Arcadia:
pastoralromanee;
b.AstrophelandStella（108）:
sonnetsequeneetoPenelope
Dvereux—platonicdevotion.
Petrarchanconceitsandoriginalfeelings-movingto
creativeness——buildingofanarrativestory;theme-love
originality-actofwriting.
c.DefenseofPoesy:
anapologyforimaginative
literature—beginningofliterarycriticism.
3.EdmundSpenser
（1）life:
Cambridge-Sidney'sfriend-“Areopagus”-Ireland
-WestminsterAbbey.
（2）works
a.TheShepherdsCalendar:
thebuddingofEnglishpoetryin
Renaissanee.
b.AmorettiandEpithalamion:
sonnetsequenee
e.FaerieQueene:
lThegeneralendAromanticandallegoricalepie——stepsto
virtue.
l12booksand12virtues:
Holiness,temperanee,justiceand
courtesy.
lTwo-levelfunetion:
partofthestoryandpartofallegory
（symbolicmeaning）
lManyallusionstoclassicalwriters.
lThemes:
puritanism,nationalism,humanismandRenaissanee
Neoclassicism——aChristianhumanist.
（3）SpenserianStanza.
Prose
1.ThomasMore
（1）Life:
“Renaissaneeman”，scholar,statesman,theorist,
prosewriter,diplomat,patronofarts
a.learnedGreekatCanterburyCollege,Oxford;
b.studieslawatLincolnInn;
c.LordChancellor;
d.beheaded.
（2）Utopia:
thefirstEnglishscieneefiction.
—placeofnowhere.
WritteninLatin,twoparts,thesecond
Aphilosophicalmariner（RaphaelHythloday）tellshisvoyages
inwhichhediscoversaIand-Utopia.
a.Thepartoneisorganizedasdialoguewithmarinerdepicting
hisphilosophy.
b.Theparttwoisadescriptionoftheislandkingdomwheregold
andsilverarewornbycriminal,religiousfreedomistotaland
nooneownsanything.
c.thenatureofthebook:
attackingthechiefpoliticalandsocialevilsofhistime.
d.thebookandtheRepublic:
anattempttodescribetheRepublic
inanewway,butitpossessesanmoderncharacterandtheresemblaneeisinexternals.
e.itplayedakeyroleintheHumanistawakeningofthe16thcenturywhichmovedawayfromtheMedievalotherworldlinesstowardsRenaissaneesecularism.
f.theUtopia
（3）thesignificanee.
a.itwasthefirstchampionofnationalideasandnationalIanguages;itcreatedanationalprose,equallyadaptedtohandlingscientificandartisticmaterial.
b.aelegantLatinscholarandthefatherofEnglishprose:
he
composedworksinEnglish,translatedfromLatinintoEnglish
biography,wroteHistoryofRichardIII.
2.FrancisBacon:
writer,philosopherandstatesman
（1）life:
Cambridge-humanisminParis—knighted-Lord
Chancellor—bribery-focusingonphilosophyandliterature.
（2）philosophicalideas:
advancementof
scienee—people:
servantsandinterpretersofnature—method:
a
childbeforenature——factsandobservations:
experimental.
（3）“Essays”:
57.
a.hewasamasterofnumerousandvariedstyles.
b.hismethodistoweighandbalaneematers,indicatingtheideal
courseofactionandthepracticalone,pointingouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeach,butleavingthereadertomakethe
finaldecisions.（arguments）
Drama
1.Ageneralsurvey.
（1）Everymanmarksthebeginningofmoderndrama.
（2）twoinfluences.
a.theclassics:
classicalinformandEnglishincontent;
b.nativeorpopulardrama.
（3）theUniversityWits.
2.ChristopherMarlowe:
greatestplaywrightbeforeShakespeareand
mostgiftedoftheWits.
（1）Life:
firstinterestedinclassicalpoetry—thenindrama.
（2）Majorworks
a.Tamburlaine;
b.TheJewofMalta;
c.TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus.
（3）Thesignificaneeofhisplays.
V.WilliamShakespeare
1.Life
（1）1564,Stratford-on-Avon;
（2）GrammarSchool;
（3）QueenvisittoCastle;
（4）marriagetoAnneHathaway;
（5）London,theGlobeTheatre:
smallpartandproprietor;
（6）the1stFolio,Quarto;
（7）Retired,son—Hamnet;H.1616.
2.Dramaticcareer
3.Majorplays-men-centered.
（1）RomeoandJuliettragicloveandfate
（2）TheMerchantofVenice.
Goodoverevil.
Anti-Semitism.
（3）HenryIV.
Nationalunity.
Falstaff.
（4）JuliusCaesar
Republicanismvs.dictatorship.
（5）Hamlet
Revenge
Good/evil.
（6）Othello
Diaboliccharacter
jealousy
gapbetweenappearaneeandreality.
（7）KingLear
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