届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一13页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一13页word版
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一
[一]
ThereisalmostnoguncontrolintheUnitedStates.Almostanybodycanbuyandcarryagun,withouthavingtoregisterwiththepolice.Andgunsarecheap.Foraslittleas$5.00youcanbuya“SaturdayNightSpecial”.ThislittlegungotitsnamebecausemoremurdershappenonSaturdaynightthanatanyothertime.Becauseitissoeasytogetagun,therearemorethan40millionhandgunsintheUnitedStates.Thisnumberisincreasingby2.5millioneveryyear.Someofthesegunswillprotectbusinessmenfrombeingrobbed.Butotherswillhavekilledover10,000Americansthisyear.
Inthecities,moreandmorecrimesarecommittedwithguns.Peoplearefrightenedandworried.Theyareaskingformoregovernmentcontrolofguns.TheHouseofRepresentativesSub-committeeonCrimeislookingatmorethanahundredandfiftybillstocontrolguns.Probably,noneofthesebillswillbecomelaw.
Thereareanumberofreasonsforthis.Americanshavealwaysbeenallowedtoownguns.Whenthecountrywasyoung,gunswerenecessarytools.ThefirstsettlershadtohuntfortheirfoodandprotectthemselvesfromRedIndian’sattacks.Theyalsohadtoprotectthemselvesfromthievesandkillers;therewasnopoliceforceinthe“WildWest”.Americagrewupwithguns,andnowitseemsthatitwillalsodiewithguns,butmanypeoplewanttokeepthem.GunsareimportanttomanyAmericans.Theydonotwantlawstostopthemfromowningguns.Theydonotevenwantgun-ownerstohavetoregistertheirnameswiththepolice.Theysaythatlawslikethislimittheirfreedomtoomuch.
Manycitizensbelongtohuntingclubsandshootingclubs.Theyusetheirgunsforsportandtargetpractice.TheNationalRifleAssociationhasoveramillionmembers.Thisorganizationdoesnotwantanylawspassedagainstgunsofanykind.ManymembersoftheAssociationarebankpresidentsandtopexecutivesinbigcompanies.Theyhavealotofmoney,powerandinfluenceinWashington.Theyhavestoppedalotoflawsevenagainsthandguns.Thisisastrangeattitudeforasportingclub.AsMayorRichardDaleyofChicagosays:
“Youdon’tseesomeoneshootingrabbitswithahandgun.Theonlythingyouhuntishumanbeings.”
21.SaturdayNightSpecialis.
A.thenameofanightclub.
B.thenameofaneveningschool
C.thenameofananimal.
D.thenameofalittlegun.
22.Iftherewere40millionhandgunsin1980,therewouldbehandgunsthenextyear.
A.4,250,000B.40,000,000C.42,500,000D.420,500,000
23.WhichisNOTthereasonwhyAmericansareallowedtoownguns?
A.Thecountrywasyoung.
B.Thefirstsettlershadtohuntfortheirfood.
C.TheyhadtoprotectthemselvesfromRedIndian’sattack.
D.Theyhadtoprotectthemselvesfromthievesandkillers.
24.Theyuseahandgunto.
A.shootrabbitsB.shoototherpeopleC.practiceshootingD.shoottheenemyinthewar
25.Thereisnolawtocontrolguns.Thereasonisprobablythat.
A.Manypresidentsareagainstthelaw.
B.Gunscostalotofmoney.
C.Gunshavemuchpower.
D.Someimportantpeoplestoppedalotoflawsagainsthandguns.
参考答案:
21.D细节理解题。
从第一段第五句中可以看出。
22.C数字计算题。
根据第一段第七句可以推算出。
23.A细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句,A项只是表明的时间,而不是原因。
24.B细节理解题。
根据全文最后一句话可以得知。
25.D细节理解题。
从第四段第六、七句中可以得知。
[二]
Comparedtouniversitiesandcolleges,communitycollegesintheUnitedStatesarequitedifferent.Theprogramsofstudyinthecommunitycollegeusuallylastonlytwoyears.Manydifferentsubjectsaretaughtinthecommunitycollege.Butnotallsubjects.Notallofthesubjectsaretaughtinthecommunitycollege.Notallofthesubjectsaretheusualschoolsubjects.Thecommunitycollegemaygivecoursesindental(oftheteeth)technology,automechanics,sewing,andmanyothernonacademicsubjects.Thecommunitycollegemayalsohavecoursesintheregularacademicsubjectslikescience,math,languages,literature,andothercoursesinthehumanities.
Manydifferenttypesofstudentsstudyatcommunitycolleges.Notallstudentshaveahighschooldiploma.Manystudentsareadultswithchildren,andsometimeswithgrandchildren,oftheirown.Thecommunitycollegeservesthecommunity,andanyonewholivesnearbymaygo.Whencommunitycollegestudentscompleteatwo-yearprogram,theyreceiveanassociateofartsorassociateofsciencedegree.Theymaythengotoacollegeoruniversityfortwomoreyearstogetthebachelor’sdegree.However,thestudentmaygetajobinstead,orjuststopgoingtoschool.
Communitycollegesarenearlyalwayspubliclyfunded,bythestate,country,orcitygovernment.Theyarenotusuallyfundedbyreligiousgroups.
Thecommunitycollegegivestrainingforavarietyofjobs,andalsohasanacademicprogram.Thetechnicalorvocationalschool,however,hasonlyjobtraining.Itsprogramsmaylastashorttimeoralongtime.Someprogramstakesixmonths,whileotherprogramsmaytaketwoyearsormoretocomplete.
21.Thispassagemainlytalksabout.
A.universitiesintheUnitedStates
B.collegesintheUnitedStates
C.communitycollegesintheUnitedStates
D.highschoolsintheUnitedStates
22.Thestudentsinacommunitycollegeusuallystudyfor.
A.oneyearB.twoyears
C.threeyearsD.fouryears
23.Thestudentsinacommunitycollege.
Amusthaveahighschooldiploma.
B.mustnothaveahighschooldiploma.
C.maynothaveahighschooldiploma.
D.mayhaveabachelor’sdegree
24.Manystudentsinacommunitycollegeare.
A.boysandgirlsB.fathersandmothers
C.grandfathersandgrandmothersD.bothBandC
25.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Thecommunitycollegeonlygivestrainingforavarietyofjobs.
B.Thecommunitycollegeonlyhasanacademicprogram.
C.bothAandB
D.eitherAorB
参考答案:
21.C主旨大意题。
全文主要讲的是communitycollege的方方面面。
22.B细节理解题。
从第一段第二句中可以看出。
23.C细节理解题。
从第二段第二句中可以看出。
24.D细节理解题。
从第二段第三句中可以看出。
25.C细节理解题。
从最后一段第一句中可以看出。
[三]
TheSaharaDesertisthelargestdesertintheworld.ItisnearlyaslargeastheUnitedStates.ThisvastdesertliesacrossthenorthernpartofAfrica.
TherearedifferentkindsoflandintheSahara.Onekindisloosesandthatdriftswiththewind.Anotherkindisgravel.Therearegreatstretchesoflandcoveredwithsmallstones.Therearehillyregionswhichareveryrocky.
TheSaharaisadryplace.Itseldomrainsthere.Thesunisscorchinghot.Thetemperaturecangoashighas130°.TheaverageinJulyis100°ormore.Itismuchcooleratnightthaninthedaytime.
Fiercewindsoftenblowacrossthelandcausingsandstorms.Thepeopletrytofindshelterduringasandstorm.Iftheycan'tfindshelter,theywraptheirheadsintheirclothing.
Nothinggrowsontheselandsexceptpatchesofcoarsegrassandlittlebushes.Thesegrowonlyincertainspots.Thebushesaresmallandscrubby.Theyhaverootslongenoughtoreachdeepdownintotheearthofwater
TheoasesaretheonlyreallybrightspotsintheSaharaDesert.Hereandthere,adeepspringorwellbringswatertoasmallpieceofground.Insuchplace,thegrassisgreenandplantsgrowverywell.Thepeoplewholiveinthedesertarecallednomads.Theymaketheirlivingbykeepingherdsofcamels,goats,orsheep.Theseanimalseatthecoarsegrassofshrubsthatgrowonoases.Thisgrassdoesn'tlastlong.Whenitisalleaten,thenomadsandtheirfamiliestravelonuntiltheycanfindanotherspotthathasfoodfortheiranimals.Theykeepmovingoverthedesertfromplacetoplace.Thenomadsliveintents.Forclothingthenomadwearsaloosewoolenrobe.Onhisheadhewearsaroundwoolcap,andoverthisabrighthandkerchief.Heusuallywearscamelhidesandalstoprotecthisfeetfromthehotsand.Thesepeopleeatmostlydates,camel'smilk,cheese,andsometimescoarsebread.
Formanyyearsthecamelhasbeenthechiefmeansoftravelacrossthedesert.Hecangoformanydayswithoutdrinkingoreating.Hekeepsmostofhiswaterbecausehedoesnotloseitbysweatingitout.
Thecamelcandrawuponfatstoredinhishumpforfood.Hehasapadonthebottomofeachbroadfootthatkeepshimfromsinkingintothedeepsand.Althoughdonkeysarealsousedinthedesert,thecamelhasalwaysbeenthefavoriteofthedeserttraveler.
21.growsintheSaharaDesert.
A.NothingB.Patchesofcoarsegrass
C.LittlebushesD.bothBandC
22.ItrainsintheSaharaDesert.
A.neverB.hardlyC.sometimesD.often
23.IntheSaharaDesertwatercanbebroughtfromtosmallpiecesofground.
A.theriverB.thelakeC.thepoolD.thewell
24.Thepeoplelivinginthedeserteatallofthefollowingexcept.
A.cheeseB.coarsebreadC.themeatofcamelsD.dates
25.Thereasonwhythecamelcangoformanydayswithoutdrinkingisthat.
A.Itdoesn’tsweat.B.Itcanfetchwaterfromtheair.
C.Itcangetwaterfromundertheearth.D.Itcanmakewaterbyitself.
参考答案
21.D细节理解题。
从第五段第一句中可以看出。
22.B细节理解题。
从第三段第二句中可以看出。
23.D细节理解题。
从第六段第二句中可以看出。
24.C细节理解题。
从第六段最后一句中可以看出。
25.A细节理解题。
从第七段最后一句中可以看出。
[四]
BuildersofYangtzeRiverprojectcongratulated
Beijing,January5(Xinhua)—TheCentralCommitteeoftheChineseCommunistPartyandtheStateCouncilinajointmessagehaveurgedbuildersofthehugeGezhoubaProjectontheYangtzeRivertocontinueworkinghardtoensurethatpowergenerationwillbeginthisyear.
Themessagewassentshortlyaftertheturbulent(汹涌的)flowoftheYangtze,China’slargestriver,wasstemmed(拦截)yesterdayeveningtofacilitate(推进)thecompletionofa2,561-meter-longdam,onwhichtwopowerstationswithatotalgeneratingcapacityof2,715,000kilowattsarebeingbuilt.
Waterisnowforcedtoruntothelowerreachesthrougha