开题报告含文献综述.docx

开题报告含文献综述.docx

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开题报告含文献综述

宁波理工学院

毕业设计（论文）开题报告

（含文献综述）

题目3P模式在商务口译中的应用　

姓名章钦盈　

学号3044115148　　

专业班级2004级英语5班　

指导教师刘冰　　

分院外国语分院　　

开题日期2008年　1　月　15　日

LiteratureReview

1LiteratureReview

Chinahasbeenspeedinguponitsopening-upcourses,andasaresult,businessactivitiescrossboundariestakeplacefrequently.Asakindofcommunication,thebusinessactivitiesismoreemphasized.Thisthesisistryingtogiveabriefintroductionofbusinessinterpretingintermsofitsdefinition,history,rangeofbusinessactivitiesandfeatures,particularlyconcentrateonthewholeprocessandthepracticeof“3P”modelinbusinessinterpreting.Withthis,Iwantstodrawmoreattentiontobusinessinterpreting,andhelpsbusinessinterpretersovercomelanguageandculturedifficultiestoachieveasuccessfulbusinesscommunication.

Asitiscleartousallthatinterpretationcanbeclassifiedintoseveralcategoriesfromdifferentaspects.Thewidelyacceptedclassificationshouldbesimultaneousinterpretationandconsecutiveinterpretation.

Relayinterpretation

Simultaneousinterpretation

Consecutiveinterpretation

Sightinterpretation

Whisperinterpretation

Conference

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Visit

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Dailyactivity

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Ceremony

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Entertainment

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Guide

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Frominterpretingonbusinesssetting,ZUOYanqing,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen,FujiangProvince

Asithasbeenillustratedabove,thejobofbusinessinterpretersismostlyrelatedtoconsecutiveinterpretation,asmostofthebusinessactivitiesareconcernedwithmutualcontactbyintermittentcommunicating,andduringthiscoursetheinterpreterservesasabridge.Thecomplexityofbusinessactivitiesandbarriersbetweenlanguagesmakesitreallyhardtofulfillsufficientinformationtransmission.Insuchacase,businessinterpretationplaysacrucialroleinnarrowingdownthegapbetweentheparties.

Thus,thestudyoftheprocessofinterpretingisofgreatsignificance.Asweknow,theinterpreterexperiencestheprocessofthinkingandanalyzingduringtheextremelylimitedperiodoftime.Thenwhathappensduringtheprocess?

Whatkindsoffactorsinfluenceinterpreterandfinallyhisperformance?

Throughstudyinthisessay,wecanaccesstosomefactorsofthepathwayinfluencingorevenleadingtotheinterpreter’sdecisions.

Duringthewholeprocess,factorsthatshouldbeaccountedislistedbelowbaseonthe“3P”model:

Phase1（preparing）

1.languageskills:

basicskillsforaqualifiedinterpreter

2.Psychologicalquality:

qualifyofinterpretingundergreatpressure

3.businessknowledgeandvocabulary:

basicneedsinbusinessinterpreting

4.cross-culturalawareness:

behavedecentlyundercross-culturalenvironment

Phase2（performing）

1.thefeaturesofspokenlanguage

2.thestyleofthespeech

3.accentsofthespeakers

4.thespeakers’purposeofthespeech

5.educationalbackgroundofthespeakers

6.idiomaticphrases

7.equivalentwords

8.qualityofnotetaking

Phase3（packaging）

1.assessmentbyoneself

2.summary

Thebookputforwardamodeloftranslationcriticismbasesonthefunctionalrelationshipbetweensourceandtargettexts.Theauthorstillheldtotheequivalenceprincipleandsohertheoryisbasesonthefunctionalequivalencebetweensourceandtargettexts.OneofherstudentsnamedVermeergaveupthesource-text-centeredlinguistictranslationtheoryaltogether.Basesonactiontheory,hedefinedtranslationasapurposefulhumanactivitythattakesaplaceinagivensituation.Heputforward“skopostheorie”whichservesasfunctionoffunctionalisttranslationtheory.

“Skopos”isaGreekwordfor“purpose”,and“skospostheorie”meansthetheoryofthepurposefulaction.Skostheorietheoryincludesthreeprincipalrules.Thatis,theskoposrule,thecoherencerule,andthefidelityrule.

Thereisnodoubtthattheseformertheoriesorruleswillstillaffectinterpreters’decisionsinanindirectbutprofoundway..

Thebook（includingTeacher’sEditionandStudent’sEdition）teachesstudentshowtodealwithfieldinterpretingfordifferentactivities,especiallyforbusinessactivities.Interpretingatthetoplevelisanextraordinarilydemandingtask.Absoluteaccuracyisjustthestartingpoint;thereallyskilledinterpreteralsohastoconveythenuancesandsubtleties,thethoughtsbehindthewords,themoodandcharacterofthespeaker,allwithoutintrudinghispersonalityorviews.Hemustbeabletocopewiththeinterpreter’sworstnightmare,theuntranslatablejokeorpun.AndwheninterpretingChinese,hehastobridgecultureaswellaslinguisticdivide.Aboveall,hehastogivepersonbeinginterpretedtheconfidencethathismessageisgettingacrosstohiscounterpartinallitsaspects.Itisahighlyresponsibleroleandfewinterpretersaspiretoperformitattheveryhighestlevel.

Thebookteacheshard-coreinterpretingskillsratherthanacademictheoriessuchasthe“skopostheorie”above.TheauthorinhabitsinGreatBritain.Inmakingthisknowledgeandexpertisewidelyavailabletoothersinthisway,theauthorisperforminganinvaluablepublicservice.ThecontactbetweenChinaandBritainareexpandingrapidlyineveryfield.OntheChinesesidestheyrangefromthegreatcitiesoftheeasternseaboardwiththeirlonghistoryofcontactswiththeoutsideworldtothepreviousremoteprovincesandcitiesoftheinterior.StandardofspokenEnglishareindeedimprovingrapidlyinChina.Eventhoughwestillneedmanyhighqualityinterpreterstomeetfutureneed.

Thebookdiscusseswhatthedifferencesarebetweentranslationandinterpretation,whatinfluencesthesedifferencesleadtoonthetranslatororinterpreter.Andwhat’smoreimportantisthequestionthathowthedifferenceswillmakeitsaffectonthedecisionofthetranslatororinterpreter.

Translationisthefaithfulrepresentationinonelanguageofwhatiswritteninanotherlanguage.Astointerpretation,itmeansitmeansanextemporeoralreproductioninonelanguageofwhatissaidinanotherlanguage.Theybothhavecharacteristicsincommonwhilewiththeirprospectivecharacteristics.Thebookislaunchedonthebasicknowledgeoftranslationandinterpretation,Analysistheirprospectivecharacteristicsfromthetheory,category,learningskills,etc.Otherwise,thisbookalsopointoutsomelittletipswhichshouldberecognizedininterpretationandtranslationlearning,andputforwardsomerecommendationsonhowtoimprovethetranslationandinterpretationabilitiesbetter.

2WeakPointsofPreviousStudies

ThereareseveralachievementshavetakenplaceinChina,amongwhichstandstheXiamenmodel.XiamenUniversityisfamousthroughoutChinaforitsachievementsininterpretationstudy.Itisillustratedasfollows.

ThetrainingmodelforinterpretationofXiamenUniversity,Xiamen,FujiangProvince

A（D+CC）（discourse+cross-culturalcommunication）

C（SL+K）（comprehensioninsourcelanguage+knowledge）

R（TL+K）（reconstructionintargetlanguage+Knowledge）

S+P（skill+professionalstandard）

AlthoughachievementshavebeenmadeininterpretationfieldinthepastdecadesinChina,researchesoninterpretationarestillnotsofruitfulwhencomparewiththosegreatachievementsmadeintranslationfield.Furthermore,thereislittleresearchconcentrateoninterpretingprocessAsweknow,translationhastwonatures:

theproductsoftranslationandtheprocessoftranslation.Studyontheprocessoftranslationcangainusthekeytothesuccessfultranslationproduct.

3MyImprovement

“3P”modelrefersto3phasesforinterpretation,thatis:

Preparing（pre-interpretingpreparation）,Performing（interpretingperformance）,Packaging（post-interpretingpackaging）.Infieldinterpretingforbusiness,weshouldalsosparenoeffortineveryphase.Inpreparingphase,weshouldpayattentiontolanguageproficiency,specialknowledgeandvocabulary,cross-culturalawareness.Whileinthephaseofperforming,weshouldconcentrateonthedecoding,memorizing,encodingandcooperating.Forimproveourskillsforinterpretation,wemustmakeasummeryandanassessmentinthepost-interpretingpackagingphase.

Inthebook,theauthorGileproposedtwomodelsasconsecutiveinterpreting（Phase1:

CI=L+N+M+C,Phase2:

CI=R+R+P,CI=consecutiveinterpreting,L=listeningandanalysis,N=note-taking,M=short-termmemory,C=coordination,1stR=remembering,2ndR=note-reading,P=production）andsimultaneousinterpreting（SI=L+M+P+C,SI=simultaneousinterpreting,L=listeningandanalysis,M=short-termmemoryeffort,P=speechproduction,C=coordination）.Bothofthemsubjectto“3P”modelastheyaredifferentformsofinterpretation.

Bibliography

David,K.2004.TranslatingCultures—anIntroductionforTranslators,InterpretersandMediators[M].Shanghai:

ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress

Kevin,Lin.2004.FieldInterpreting[M].Beijing:

ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.

Nida,E.A.&Taber,C.R.2004.TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation[M].Shanghai:

ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.

Nord,C.2001.TranslatingasaPurposefulActivityFunctionalistApproachesExplained[M].Shanghai:

ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.

Reiss,K.1971.PossibilitiesandLimitsofTranslationCriticism[M].Amsterdam&Philadelphia:

JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany.

ResearchProposal

1ResearchBackground

Thedistinctionbetweenthetwolanguagesandthecomplexityandextensivenessofbusinessactivi