中考英语专项复习.docx
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中考英语专项复习
中考英语专项复习
动词的语态
ThePassiveVoice
中考考点解读
1.了解英语中的语态,掌握各种时态的被动语态的构成及用法。
★2.掌握被动语态的几种特殊形式。
★3.在具体语境中灵活恰当使用被动语态。
基础知识回顾
1.语态分类
英语动词有两种语态:
主动语态(theActiveVoice)
被动语态(thePassiveVoice)
A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Weplantedthetree.
B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
Thetreewasplantedbyus.
2.何时使用
(1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
Thedictionaryiswellkept.
这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。
(2)当我们需要强调动作承受者,而不是
动作的执行者。
Thesebookswerefoundinthe1920s.
这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。
(强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现)
3.被动语态的结构:
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。
总结:
动词的过去分词变法
①规则动词的过去分词:
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed
2)以不发音e结尾的加-d
3)以辅音加y结尾的,去y变i加-ed
4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
watch---watchedpractice---practiced
study---studiedstop---stopped
②不规则动词的过去分词:
am\is\arebeen
have\hashad
dodone
writewritten
gogone
4.主动变被动的方法:
PeoplespeakEnglishintheworld.
主谓宾
Englishisspokenbypeopleintheworld.
①②③④
总结:
主动语态
被动语态
宾语→
主语
谓语→
be+过去分词
主语→
by+宾语
其他→
抄下来
6.各种时态的被动语态
一般现在时:
am/is/are+过去分词
•IamcalledJimmy.
•Footballisplayedallovertheworld.
•ThecarismadeinChina.
•Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.
一般过去时:
was/were+过去分词
•Abankwasrobbedyesterday.
•Thekitewasmadebythem.
•Theclotheswerewashedbymymother.
•Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.
一般将来时:
will/shallbe+过去分词
am/is/aregoingtobe+过去分词
•Theworkwillbefinishedin2days.
•Weshallbegivenawarmwelcome.
•IamgoingtobesenttoAmerica.
•ThepaintingisgoingtobesoldtoCanada
•Treesaregoingtobeplantedbythemtomorrow.
现在进行时:
am/is/arebeing+过去分词
•Iambeingaskedsomequestionsnow.
•Aspeechisbeinggiveninthehall.
•TheclothesarebeingwashedbyJane.
过去进行时:
was/werebeing+过去分词
•Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyherat2pmyesterday.
•Themealwasbeingcookedbymymotherthistimeyesterday.
•Themenwerebeingquestionedbythepoliceman.
现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+过去分词
•Theworkhasbeenfinishedbythem.
•Thehousehasbeenbuilt.
•Hissheephavebeenfound.
•Thebookshavebeenkeptsincelastweek.
含情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+过去分词
•Thetreesshouldbewateredatonce.
•Thebookscanbekeptfor2weeks.
•Ourenvironmentmustbeprotectedwell.
•Thehomeworkmustbehandedin.
总结:
各种时态的被动语态
•一般现在时:
S+am/is/are+done(过去分词)
•一般过去时:
S+was/were+done(过去分词)
•一般将来时:
S+will+be+done(过去分词)
•情态动词:
S+can/may/must/should+be+done
(过去分词)
•现在进行时:
S+is/am/are+being+done(过去分词)
•过去进行时:
S+was/werebeing+done(过去分词)
•现在完成时:
S+have/has+been+done(过去分词)
7.被动语态的几种特殊形式
1.一些特殊结构的被动结构:
(1)hear/seesb.dosth.→sb.beheard/seentodosth.
(2)make/let/havesb.dosth.→sb.bemade/let/hadtodosth.
感官动词为see,hear,watch,notice等,使役动词make,let,have后+sb.+dosth.时,变被动语态时要加上“to”.
2.带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,sb.或sth.都可做主语,注意sth.做主语时,要加to或for.
Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.
=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.
=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.
JackhasgivenTomabook.
=AbookhasbeengiventoTombyJack.
=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.
BobsentKatealetterlastyear.
=KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear.
=AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear.
(tell、ask、bring、write、give、send、show、teach、pass、lend)…to
Mummademeanewdress.
=IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.
=AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum.
(Make、buy、cook、read)…for
练一练
1.MissDengteachesusEnglish.
→WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDeng
→EnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng
2.Theysawtheboyplaybasketballyesterday.
→Theboywasseentoplaybasketballyesterday.
3.TheteachermadeTomrecitethetext.
→Tomwasmadetorecitethetextbytheteacher.
3.动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。
1.Johnturnedontheradio.
Theradiowasturnedon.
2.Grandmatakescareofmysister.
MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma
!
动词短语的被动语态
takecareof→betakencareof
cutdown→becutdown
laughat→belaughedat
lookafter→belookedafter
8.高频考点突破
1.用所给动词的正确形式填空
2.Be动词的正确形式填空
3.句型转换:
4.英汉互译(完成句子)
实战演练
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.Toomuchwaterisdrunkbyhimeveryday.(drink)
2.FiveapplesareeatenbyTomeveryday.(eat)
3.Iamoftenhelpedbyher.(help)
4.Sheisoftenhitbyme.(hit)
用be的正确形式填空
1.Manytreesareplantedbyuseveryyear.
2.1000treeswereplantedbyuslastyear.
3.Aknifeisusedtocutapples.
4.Thestudentsareaskedtohavebreakfast.
观察:
be动词有时态,人称和数的变化.
英汉互译:
1.她是由我帮助的.Sheishelpedbyme.
2.她受到了帮助.Shewashelped.
3.南方种水稻.Riceisgrowninthesouth.
4.每天要用很多水.Alotofwaterisusedeveryday.
5.山上种了很多树.Manytreesareplantedonthehill.
句型转换:
1.Wedon’tspeakJapaneseatschool.(被动语态)
Japaneseisn’tspokenbyusatschool.
2.ThedeskismadebyTom.(主动语态)
Tommakesthedesk.
3.It’smadeinChina,isn’tit?
(反意疑问句)
4.Thethiefwascaught,wasn’the?
(同上)
5.Tom,be,by,themodelplane,make(连词成句)
ThemodelplanewasmadebyTom.
9.权威中考预测
(B)1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题)
Abestoppedtothrow
Bbestoppedfromthrowing
Cstoptothrow
Dstopfromthrowing
(C)2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题)
Aaren’ttakeawayBtakenaway
Cisn’ttakenawayDbetakenaway
3.Hewastold(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题)
4.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题)
Theysentupanotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.(变主动语态)
5.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManyTreeswereplantedbypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题)
6.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.
Thevegetablesaregrownonthefarm(上海市中考题)