英语演讲教程英文版.docx

英语演讲教程英文版.docx

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英语演讲教程英文版

英语演讲教程（英文版）

英语演讲教程（英文版）

PresentationsandPublicSpeakinginEnglishApresentationisaformaltalktooneormorepeoplethat"presents"ideasorinformationinaclear,structuredway.Peoplearesometimesafraidofspeakinginpublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules,givingapresentationisactuallyveryeasy.ThistutorialguidesyouthrougheachstageofgivingapresentationinEnglish,fromtheinitialpreparationtotheconclusionandquestionsandanswers.Thistutorialisitselfsetoutlikeamini-presentation.PreparationCanyounamethe3mostimportantthingswhengivinganypresentation?

Number1is...PreparationNumber2is...Preparation!

Number3is...Preparation!

!

Preparationiseverything!

Withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.Youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.Withcontrol,youwillbe'incharge'andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.ObjectiveBeforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldaskyourself:

"WhyamImakingthispresentation?

"Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosell?

Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience.Audience"WhoamImakingthispresentationto?

"Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.Youshouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?

Whoarethey?

Businesspeople?

Professionalpeople?

Politicalpeople?

Expertsornon-experts?

Willitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400petitors?

Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou?

Venue"WhereamImakingthispresentation?

"Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?

Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailable?

Whataretheseatingarrangements?

Timeandlength"WhenamImakingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe?

"Willitbe5minutesor1hour?

Justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy?

MethodHowshouldImakethispresentation?

"Whatapproachshouldyouuse?

Formalorinformal?

Lotsofvisualaidsoronlyafew?

Willyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety?

Content"WhatshouldIsay?

"Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.Youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.Youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.Youshouldexcludeallotherideas.Youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation（ifyouhavenotalreadybeengivenatitle）.Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore（alittleisbetterthanalot）.Youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation.StructureAwellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.Itisthereforemoreeffective.Youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder.Mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:

BeginningShortintroductionweleyouraudienceintroduceyoursubjectexplainthestructureofyourpresentationexplainrulesforquestionsMiddleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitselfEndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentationthankyouraudienceinvitequestionsQuestionsandAnswersNotesWhenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.Youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!

Youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!

Readingatextwillmakeyouraudiencegotosleep!

Soifyoudon'thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay?

Withnotes.Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemakenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk.Somepeoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!

RehearsalRehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.Youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:

youwillbeemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosayyouwillidentifyweaknessesinyourpresentationyouwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciationsyouwillbeabletocheckthetimethatyourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessarymodificationsSoprepare,prepare,prepare!

Prepareeverything:

words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.Isittherightlength?

Areyoupletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations?

Aretheyintherightorder?

Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?

Howmanypeople?

Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?

Doyouknowtheroom?

Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?

Whenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytomunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.EquipmentEasilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...YOU!

Makesureyou'reinfullworkingorder,andcheckyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon't,youraudiencewill!

theoverheadprojector（OHP）displaysoverheadtransparencies（OHTsorOHPTs）.Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:

itcanbeusedindaylighttheusercanfacetheaudiencetheusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinusethewhiteboard（morerarelyblackboardorGREenboard）isausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theOHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.Youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.Markersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboard（delible-youcanremovetheink）orflipchart（indelible-youcannotremovetheink）.Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.Again,it'sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell."Agoodworkmanneverblameshistools."Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou'flip'orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visual（AV）presentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytake35mmslidesortransparencies（asseenhere）,butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepackedupandtransported.Thenotebookputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromtheputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou'handout'ordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.Delivery'Delivery'referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext.NervesMostspeakersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeakslowlyandcalmly.Youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence.AudienceRapportYouneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate.Yourobjectiveistomunicate!

BodyLanguageWhatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.Yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.Yourclothes,yourwalk,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaking,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.Whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.Youcanstandverystillwhiletalkingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.Whateffectdoyouthinkthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhaveonanaudience?

Page2of2）CulturalConsiderationsBecauseEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld,itisquitepossiblethatmanymembersofyouraudiencewillnotbenativeEnglish-speakers.Inotherwords,theywillnothaveanAnglo-Saxonculture.EvenwithintheAnglo-Saxonworld,therearemanydiffere