医学英语常见前缀与后缀.docx
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医学英语常见前缀与后缀
基础医学英语构词法之前后缀
Holism
preffixesMeaningExamples
DirectionHyper-over,above,excessivehypertension高血压
Ab-from,awayfromabnormal异常
Ad-to,toward,nearadhesion粘连
Peri-around,surroundingpericaridium心包
QualityMal-ill,bad,poormalnutrition营养不良
Ant(i)-againstantibacterial抗菌
Hypo-deficienthypothyroid甲减的
QuantityBi-twobilateral两侧的
Tri-threetriamylose葡萄三聚糖
Poly-many,muchpolycystic多囊的
TypeAut(o)-selfautologous自体的
Bio-lifebiopsy活组织检查
Phon(o)-sound,voicephonocardiography心音描记术
PositionHypo-under,beneathhypodermic皮下的
Post-after,behindpostpartum产后的
Pro-before,infrontofprocephalic头前部的
Sub-under,belowsubcutaneous皮下的
Retro-behind,backwardretroversion后倾症
Inter-between,amonginterscapular肩胛间的
Ex-out(of),awayfromexcision切除
Intra-in,withinintraoperative手术中的
Intro-intointroinjection内向投射
Pre-beforeprepyloric幽门前的
extra-outside(of)extravasation外渗
Themusculoskeletalsystem
PrefixesMeaningExamples
Ankyl(o)-crookedorstiffankylotic关节强硬地
Anthr(o)-joint(articulation)articular关节的
Brachi(o)-armbrachium肱
Cervic(o)-neckcervical颈部的
Chondr(o)-cartilagechondral软骨的
Cost(o)-ribintercostal肋间的
Crani(o)-skullcranial颅的
Dactyl(o)-digit(fingerortoe)dactylomegaly巨蹼分离术
Fasci(o)-fascia(aband)faciodesis筋膜固定术
Femor(o)-femurfemoral股骨的
Fibr(o)-fiberfibrous纤维的
Kyph(o)-humpbackkyphosis驼背的
Lei(o)-smoothleiomyoma平滑肌瘤
Lord(o)-bentlordosis脊柱前弯症
Lumb(o)-loin(lowerback)lumbar腰的
Myel(o)-(bone)marrowmyelitis骨髓炎
My(o)-musclemyalgia肌痛
Myos(o)-musclemyositis肌炎
Musculo(o)-musclemuscular肌的
Oste(o)-boneosteomyelitis骨髓炎
Patell(o)-kneecappatellar膝盖骨的
Pelv(i)-pelvic(cavity)pelvic骨盆的
Radi(o)-radiusradial桡骨
Rhabd(o)-rodrhabdomyoma横纹肌瘤
Sarc(o)-fleshsarcoma肉瘤
Scoli(o)-twistedscoliosis脊柱侧凸
Spondyl(o)-vertebraspondylitis脊椎炎
Stern(o)-sternum(breastbone)sternocostal胸肋的
Ten(o)-tendon(tostretch)tenodesis肌腱固定术
Tendin(o)-tendontendonitis腱炎
Thorac(o)-chestthoracic胸的
Ton(o)-toneortensionmyotonia肌强直
Uln(o)-ulnaulnar尺骨的
Vertebr(o)-vertebravertebral椎骨的
Thenervoussystem
preffixesMeaningExamples
Arthr(o)-articulationdysarthria构音困难
Cerebell(o)-cerebellum(littlebrain)cerebellar小脑的
Cerebr(o)-cereberum(largestpartofbrain)cerebrotomy脑切开术
Comat(o)-deepsleepcomatose昏迷
Crani(o)-skullcranium头盖骨
Dur(o)-duramatersubdural硬模下的
Encephal(o)-brainencephalasthenia脑衰弱
Esthesi(o)-sensationhyperesthesia感觉过敏
Gangli(o)-ganglion(knot)ganglioneuroma神经节细胞瘤
Gli(o)-neurogliagliomas神经胶质瘤
Gnos(o)-knowinggnosis灵知
Hypn(o)-sleephypnosis催眠状态
Lept(o)-thin,slenderleptomeningitis柔脑膜炎
Lex(o)-wordorphasedyslexia诵读困难
Mening(o)-menbranesmeningocele脑(脊)膜突出
Meningi(o)-meningesmeningitis脑膜炎
Narc(o)-stupor,sleepnarcotic麻醉药
Neur(o)-nerveneuralgia神经痛
Phob(o)-exaggeratedfearphobia恐惧症
Phren(o)-mindschizophrenia精神分裂症
Pont(o)-ponscerebellopontine小脑脑桥
Psych(o)-mindpsychotic精神病
Radicul(o)-nervefootradiculopathy神经病根病
Schiz(o)-splitschizoid精神分裂症的
Somn(i)-sleepsomnific催眠的
Somat(o)-corpssomatesthesia躯体感觉
Spin(o)-spine(thorn)spinal脊髓的
Tax(o)-order,coordinationataxia共济失调
Thalam(o)-thalamusthalamic丘脑的
Thec(o)-sheathintrathecal鞘内的
Thym(o)-corpsdysthymia精神抑郁
Vag(o)-vagusnervevagal迷走神经的
Thecirculatorysystem
preffixesMeaningExamples
Angi(o)-vesselangiogram心血管照影术
Aort(o)-aortaaorticstenosis主动脉狭窄
Arter(o)-arteryarteriosclerosis动脉硬化
Ather(o)-fattysubstanceatheroma动脉粥样化
Atrei(o)-heartchamberatrioventricular房室的
Cardi(o)-heartcardiomegaly心肥大
Coron(o)-crowncoronaryartery冠状动脉
Hem(o)-bloodhemoglobin血红蛋白
Hemat(o)-bloodhematopericardium心包积血
Pericardi(o)-pericardiumpericardiocentesis心包穿刺
Phleb(o)-veinphelbitis静脉炎
Rhythm(o)-rhythmarrhythmia心律不齐
Sphygm(o)-pulsesphygmomanometer血压计
Steth(o)-cheststethoscope听诊器
Thromb(o)-clotthrombolysis血栓溶解
Valvul(o)-valvevalvuloplasty瓣膜成形术
Vas(o)-vesselvasoconstriction血管收缩
Vascul(o)-vesselvascular脉管的
Ven(o)-veinvenous静脉的
Ventricul(o)-lowerheartchamberventriculotomy心室切开术
Cor(o)-circleorcrowncoronary冠状的
Isch(o)-deficiencyischemia局部缺血
Brady-slowbradycardia心动过缓
Tachy-fasttachycardia心动过速
Electr(o)-electricityelectrocardiogram心电图
Therespiratorysystem
preffixesMeaningExamples
Alveoli(o)-alveolus,airsacalveolar肺泡的
Bronch(o)-bronchusbronchodilation支气管扩张
Bronchi(o)-bronchiolebronchiolitis细支气管炎
Cyan(o)-bluecyanosis发绀
Laryng(o)-larynxlaryngospasm喉痉挛
Lob(o)-lobeoflunglobectomy叶切除术
Mediastin(o)-mediastinummediastinoscopy纵膈镜检查
Nas(o)-nosenasogastric鼻胃的
Orth(o)-straightorthopnea端坐呼吸
Ox(o)-oxygenhypoxia缺氧
Pector(o)-chestexpectoration咳出
Pharyng(o)-pharynxpharyngeal咽的
Phon(o)-voicedysphonia发声困难
Phren(o)-diaphragmphrenic膈的
Pleur(o)-pleurapleurotomy胸膜切开术
Pneum(o)-lung,airpneumonia肺炎
Pulm(o)-lungpulmometry肺容量测定
Rhin(o)-noserhinorrhea鼻液溢
Sinus(o)-sinussinusitis鼻窦炎
Spir(o)-breathingspirometer肺活量计
Thorac(o)-chestthoracotomy胸廓切开术
Tonsil(o)-tonsilstonsillectomy扁桃体切除术
Trache(o)-tracheatracheospasm气管痉挛
TheDigestiveSyestem
preffixesMeaningExamples
an(o)-anustransanal经肛的
cec(o)-cecumcecoptosis盲肠下垂
chol(o)-bile,gallcholelith胆石
cholangi(o)-commonbileductcholangiogram胆管照影照片
choledoch(o)-bileductcholedochal胆总管的
cholecyst(o)-gallbladdercholecystalgia胆绞痛
col(o),colon(o)-coloncolocentesis结肠穿刺术
duoden(o)-duodenumduodenoscopy十二指肠镜检查
enter(o)-intestineparenteral非肠道的
esophag(o)-esophagusesophageal食管的
gastr(o)-stomachgastroparesis胃轻瘫
hepat(o)-liverhepatocyte肝细胞
ile(o)-ileumileectomy回肠切除术
jejun(o)-jejunumjejunotomy空肠切开术
labi(o)-liplibiodental唇齿的
lingu(o)-tonguesublingual舌下的
odont(o)-tooth,teethodontolysis牙质溶解
or(o)-mouthperioral口周的
palat(o)-palatepalatorrhaphy腭裂修复术
pharyng(o)-pharynxpharyngoglossal咽舌的
pancreat(o)-pancreaspancreatolysis胰组织破坏
proct(o)-rectumproctopexy直肠固定术
pylor/o-pyloruspylorostenosis幽门狭窄
rect(o)-retumrectocele直肠脱出
sigmoid(o)-sigmoidcolonsigmoidoscope乙状结肠镜
stomo,stomat(o)-mouthstomoschisis口裂
TheUrinarySystem
PrefixesMeaningExamples
Urin(o)-urineurinary泌尿的
Nephr(o)-kidneynephritis肾炎
Ren(o)-kidneyrenal肾的
Ureter(o)-ureterureterscopy输尿管造口术
Vesic(o)-bladdervesicorectal膀胱直肠的
Cyst(o)-bladdercystography膀胱照影术
Meat(o)-urethrameatoplasty尿道成形术
Urethr(o)-urethraurethral尿道的
Erythr(o)-rederythrocyte红细胞
End(o)-insideendocellular细胞内的
Para-besideparanephric肾旁的
Peri-aroundperinephritis肾周炎
Pyel(o)-renalpelvispyelonephritis肾盂肾炎
Pelvi-renalpelvispelviscopy肾盂检查术
Glomerul(o)-glomerulusglomerulitis肾小球炎
Theimmunesystem
PrefixesMeaningExamples
Allerg(o)-oversensitivityallergen变应原
Anaphylact(o)-anaphylaxisanaphylatoxin过敏毒素
Antigen(o)-antigenantigenotherapy抗原疗法
Cerebr(o)-braincerebrospinal脑脊髓的
Humor(o)-liquidhumoralism体液学说
Immun(o)-immunityimmunology免疫学
Lymph(o)-lymphlymphoma淋巴瘤
Macr(o)-largemacrocyte巨红细胞
Malari-malariamalariology疟疾学
Muc(o)-mucusmucoprotein粘蛋白
Necr(o)-deathnecrosis坏死
Parasit(o)-parasiteparasitemia寄生虫血症
Prot(o)-beginningprotooncogene原癌基因
Splen(o)-spleenspleenic脾的
thyme(o)-thymusthymocyte胸腺细胞
Psychology
PreffixesMeaningExamples
Anthrp(o)-humananthropotomy人体解剖
Bio-lifebioactivator生物活性剂
Conduct(o)-conductionconductivity传导性
Gen(o)-genegenecoversion基因转变
Hemo-bloodhemocytoblast成血细胞
Hidr(o)-sweatinghidropoiesis汗分泌
Hist(o)-tissuehistochemistry组织化学
Humor(o)-liquidhumorism体液学说
Hypn(o)-sleephypnotherapy催眠疗法
Lacrim(o)-tearlacrimotomy泪囊切开术
Lact(o)-milklactation哺乳
Matur-maturationmaturity成熟
Nutri(o)-nutritionnutriology营养学
Physi(o)-naturephysiology生理学
Potenti(o)-potentialpotentiality潜在性
Rhythm(o)-rhythmcacorhythmic节律不齐的
Ser(o)-serumserodiagnosis血清学诊断
Somn(o/i)-sleepinsomnia失眠
Splen(o)-spleensplenatrophy脾萎缩
Troph(o)-nutritiontrophoblast滋养层
Histoembryology
PreffixesMeaningExamples
Cyt(o)-cellcytoanatomy细胞解剖学
Fibr(o)-fiberfibroblast成纤维细胞
Hist(o)-tissuehistology组织学
Men(o)-menstruationmenopathy月经病
Lamin(o)-layerlaminogram体层照片
Mit(o)-threadmitochondria线粒体
Ovari(o)-ovaryovaritis卵巢炎
Placent(o)-placentaplacentitis胎盘炎
Port(o)-doorportography门静脉造影术
Sarc(o)-fleshsarcoma肉瘤
Sin(o)-sinussinoatrial窦房的
Thec(o)-sheaththecoplasm鞘质
Kary(o)-nucleuskaryochrome核染色细胞
CloningandGenes
PreffixesMeaningExamples
All(o)-other,differentallogenic异源的
Andr(o)-maleandrogen雄激素
Chrom(o)-colorlysosome溶酶体
Eu-goodeugenics优生学
Gen(o)-genegenetics遗传学
Gynec(o)-femalegynecology妇科学
Heter(o)-other,differentheteronuclear异核的
Hom(o)-samehomopolymer同聚体
Iso-equalisomorphous同形的
Multi-many,muchmultinuclear多核的
Ov(o)-eggovogenesis卵子发生
Ovari(o)-ovaryovariocentesis卵巢穿刺术
Poly-many,muchpolygenic多基因的
Semin(o)-seed,spermseminology精液学
Syn-with,togethersyngenic同基因的
Pathyology
PreffixesMeaningExamples
Aut(o)-selfautolysis自溶autograft自体移植
Carcin(o)-cancercarcinoma癌carcinogen致癌物
Fluor(o)-fluorinefluoride氟化物flurooscopy荧光镜检查
Hist(o)-tissuehistolysis组织溶解histology组织学
Immun(o)-immuneimmunity免疫immunoassay免疫测定
Meta-alongwithmetastasis转移metaplasia化生
My(o)-musclemyoatropy肌萎缩myocardium心肌
Myc(o)-fungusmycosis真菌病erythromycin红霉素
Necr(o)-deadbodynecrosis坏死necrotic坏死的
Nucle(o)-nucleusnuclear核的nucleoplasm核质
Olig(o)-few,littleoligoclone寡克隆oliguria少尿
Path(o)-illnesspathology病理学pathogen致病菌
Poli(o)-greypoliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎polioencephalitis脑灰质炎
Pylor(o)-pyloruspylorospasm幽门痉挛pyloric幽门的
Medication
PreffixesMeaningExamples
Anti-againstantibiotic抗生素
Contr(o)-againstcontroindication禁忌症
Multi-many,muthmulticell多细胞体
Nar(o)-numbnessnacrosis麻醉
Olig(o)-few,l