从红字荆棘鸟.docx

从红字荆棘鸟.docx

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从红字荆棘鸟

从《红字》和《荆棘鸟》看宗教禁欲主义下的爱情

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中国论文下载中心    [08-10-2809:

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00]    作者：

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studa0714

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Abstract

Loveistheeternalthemeinhumanlife.However,lovechangesmuchbecauseoftheinfluenceofasceticism.Althoughloveisatragedy,thespiritofmaincharacterslongingforloveandstrugglingwiththedoctrineofreligionsisworthlearning.Itcanalsobelearnedthattheasceticismrestrainsthehumannatureandresultsinthedestruction.

ThisthesiswilldealwiththeinfluenceofasceticismonloveinTheScarletLetterandTheThornBirds.TheinfluencereflectsmainlyintheleadingcharactersDimmesdaleandRalph.Bothofthemarepriestsandfallinlove.Theworseisthateachofthemhasachild.However,theyhavetoabandontheirbelovedbecauseoftheasceticism,andtheybeartoomuchtorture.Sotragedycannotbeavoided.

KeyWords

Love;desire;tragedy;asceticism

摘　要

爱情是人类永恒的话题.可是在西方社会中，爱情由于宗教禁欲主义的影响发生了一些变化，带有了一定的悲剧色彩。

在西方描写神职人员爱情的文学作品中，虽然他们的爱情是悲剧，但他们那种为了爱情而努力奋斗，甚至和宗教做抗争的精神使我们振奋。

从中我们也能深刻的感受到宗教对人性的摧残。

本篇论文将从《红字》和《荆棘鸟》两部作品中的主要人物丁梅斯代尔和拉尔夫来看宗教禁欲主义对他们内心的摧残和折磨,从而导致的悲剧.丁梅斯代尔和拉尔夫都是牧师，却同样陷入了感情之中。

但是因为宗教的禁欲主义，他们不能接触爱情，一旦有了感情就要经受很多折磨和痛苦。

所以悲剧的产生是必然的。

关键词

爱情;欲望;悲剧;禁欲主义

Introduction

Love,oneofthemostbeautifulandromanticemotioninhumanlife,hasbeenstrugglingwithAsceticisminwesternsociety.Justbecauseofthis,love,themostbeautifulfeelinginhuman’sheart,isbothadreamandapunishmentintheeyesofclergymenunderAsceticism.Therefore,loveofclergymeninthewesternliteraryworksendsintragedy.ThispaperwilldealwiththelovetragedyunderAsceticisminTheScarletLetterandTheThornBirds.

TheScarletLetteriswrittenbyNathanielHawthorne.ThestoryhappenedinthebackgroundofAmericancolonyruledbyPuritaninthesixteenthcentury.TheleadingcharactersinthisnovelDimmesdaleandHesterfallinlovewitheachother.ButDimmesdaleisapriest.BeforehemeetsHester,hehasdevotedhimselftotheGod.Inthispaper,youcanlearnDimmesdale’smixedfeeling.HelovesHester,buthemustabidebytheruleofPuritan.Pearl’sbirthnotonlysendsHestertotheprisonandHesterissentencedtowearthescarletletter“A”allherlife,butalsogivesDimmesdalemorespiritualtorture,becauseDimmesdalehasnocouragetoconfesshissin.Heisafraidoflosinghisfame,hisstatusandthepunishmentofreligion.Thetorturehesufferingisnotsomuchcomingfromhisconscienceascomingfromtheforbiddenofasceticism.Therefore,itisasceticismthatresultsinthetragedylovebetweenDimmesdaleandHester.

InTheThornBirds,Ralphhasmorethanonechancetochoosehisownlife,whichisnotcontrolledbythedoctrineofreligion.Inordertogetthepower,fameandhiscareer,Ralphabandonshislove.Hischoiceprovideshimwiththepower,andforbidshimselfatthesametime.Butontheotherhand,hecannotforgetMeggieandherealizestheimportancethatMeggiemeanstohimgradually.Atthattime,thereligiousdoctrineshavetakenbackhisrightstayingwithMeggie.Therefore,thetragedyhappensinevitably.

Inaword,Asceticismiscruelandinhumantothepriestsinwesternsociety.Itstranglestoomuchloveandresultedintoomanytragedies.

I.LoveinGuiltyandSelf-accusation—TragedyunderAsceticisminTheScarletLetter

A.TheBriefContentsofTheScarletLetter

TheScarletLetterwrittenbyNathanielHawthornediscussestheoriginalsinofhumanbeingthroughthelovetragedybetweenHesterPrynneandArthurDimmesdalewiththebackgroundofAmericancolonyruledbyPuritaninsixteenthcentury.ThestorytellsaboutthelifeoftheresidentunderthesurroundingofpersecutionderivedfromtheineradicablereligioninMassachusettsofBostoninNewEnglandinpublic.ThesymbolofAsceticisminthisarticleisthescarletletter“A”.Thefourleadingactorsare:

HesterPrynne,awomanwithherbelovedbutlivingininjurybecauseofadultery;ArthurDimmesdale,ahandsomeandeducatedyoungman,atonetime,whosebehaviorsandwordsaregenerallyregardedasdivinesignamongallinhabitantsinthatplaceandgodlypastorofHester.However,hefallsinlovewithHesterandbecauseheisaminister,sotheirloveisforbidden,theymustfacethelovetragedy;bycontraries,RogerChillingworth,husbandofHester,isanuglyoldmanbeingabothskillfulphysicianandsurgeon.Unfortunately,hepursuestorevengeforthehumiliationbyDimmesdalewithtakingcareatthesametime,diggingathimformonstrouscontentment.Seenfromanotherangle,heisalsoavictimofAsceticism.ThelastroleissmallPearl,thedaughterofHesterandDimmesdale.

Thestorybeginsinthesixteenth-centuryinBoston.Atthattime,itwasapuritansettlement.Therefore,theethicswaspuritan’sasceticism.TheatmosphereatthattimewasratherdepressingbytheruleofSternPuritan.Peopleregardedexploringtheirrealfeelingasashame.HesterisawomanwhowasreleasedfromthetownprisonwithherillegalinfantdaughterPearl.Hesterisfoundadulterousguiltyandsentencedtowearascarletlettertoshowhersin.Hester’shusband,ascholarmucholderthanhersendsheraheadtoAmerican,buthedoesnotarrivedinBoston.Therefore,Hesterthinkshehasdead.Thefactisthathehaslostatsea.Whilewaitingforherhusband,HesterhasloveaffairwithayoungministerArthurDimmesdale.Hester’shusband,whoisnowpracticingmedicineandcallinghimselfChillingworth,intendsonrevengewhenheescapesandarrivesatBoston.Forthereasonthathewantstofindthe“truecriminal”,hebecomesanothervictimofasceticism.

ReadersofteninterpretTheScarletLetterasataleofsin.However,thisnovelismuchmorealovestorybetweenHesterandDimmesdalethaneverythingelse.Throughthestrongemphasisoflove,Pearl’spresenceandDimmesdale’storture,itcanbeidentifiedasataleofromance.

B.Dimmesdale’sTragedy

Dimmesdale,thehiddenscarletletter,diesaftersufferingthelongtortureandself-punishment.

Lifeishard,butacceptingthatfactmakesiteasier.Thiscommonphrasehasbeenproventrueinmanypeople’slives,butitisalsoaharshfactthatDimmesdale,thekeycharacterintheScarletLetter,havetoface.InthistwistedstoryofdeceptionandadulterysetinthePuritanera,HawthorneintroducesDimmesdaleasaweakandcowardlymanwhorefusestotakeresponsibilityforhisactions.Yet,atlast,hefreeshimselfthroughfacinghissinbeforeitistoolate,ultimatelyfindinghappiness.

InTheScarletLetter,NathanielHawthorneutilizesimagerytoconveythatDimmesdalecanrepresentPuritansocietyratherthanroundcharacterthatcanbeseenonthesurfacelevel.Thisisseenthroughtheimageryandsymbolismofhypocrisy,DimmesdaleasaChristfigure,andthescarletletter.Livinginsuchsurrounding,asaminister,becauseofthelove,hedropsintheabyssofmisery.

Inthisarticle,HawthornedescribesDimmesdaleas“avilercompanionofthevilest,theworseofsinners,”（Hawthorne,2001）eventhoughDimmesdaleisseenasthemostholymaninthePuritancommunity.OnereallycannotunderstandDimmesdaleorhisdilemmawithoutatleastacursoryunderstandingofthePuritanswhoinhabitedBostonatthistimeandbecauseheisinthedilemmaofthelovetoHesterandPearlandtheloyaltytotheGod,soitisdestinedthatheisatragiccharacter.

Dimmesdaleisaminister,lovemeanssintohim.ButhelovesHester.Fromthispoint,heisnotonlyasinnertoGodbutalsoaloverofHesterandafathertoPearl.Helivesinthisdilemmaandcannotgetawayfromit.

Asaminister,Dimmesdalehasavoicethatconsolesandanabilitytoswayaudience.Hiscongregationadoreshimandhisparishionersseekhisadvice.Asaminister,Dimmesdalemustbeabovereproach,andthereisnoquestionthatheexcelsathisprofessionandenjoysareputationamonghisministryaidspeopleinleadinggoodlives.Ifhepubliclyconfesses,hewilllosehisabilitytobeeffectiveinthisregard.

ForDimmesdale,however,hiseffectivenessbetrayshisdesiretoconfess.Themorehesuffersthebetterhissermonsbecome.Themorehewhipshimself,themoreeloquentheisonSundayandthemorehiscongregationworshipshiswords.Nevertheless,Hawthornestatesinchapter20,“Noman,foranyconsiderableperiod,canwearonefacetohimself,andanothertothemultitude,withoutfinallygettingbewilderedastowhichmaybetrue.”（Hawthorne,2001）

Dimmesdale’sstruggleisdarkandhispenanceishorrifyingashetriestounravelhismystery.Inchapter11,“TheInteriorofaHeart,”（Hawthorne,2001）Dimmesdalestruggledwithhissin,hisinabilitytodiscloseittoPuritansociety,hisdesireforpenance,heknowshisactionshavefallenshortofbothGod’sstandardsandhisown,andhefearsthisrepresentshislackofsalvation.Inanattempttoseeksalvation,hefastsuntilhefaintsandwhipshimselfontheshouldersuntilhebleeds.However,thesepunishmentaredoneinprivateratherthaninpublicanddonotprovidethecleansingDimmesdaleseeksandneeds.

Asasinner,Dimmesdaleisweakenedtotemptation.Asdemonstratedlater,hisweakenedconditionmakesiteasierforhimtoassociatehimselfwithBlackManintheforest.Hiscongregationsexpecthimtobeaboveothermortals,andhislifeandthoughtsmustexistonahigherspiritualplantthanothers.Accordingly,hiswonderfulsermonsareapplaudedbyallforareasonhislistenersdonotunderstand.Sinandagonyhaveenabledtheintellectualscholar-ministertorecognizeandemphasizedwithothersinners.

HawthornewritesaboutoneofDimmesdale’ssermonsthatare,“addressedtothemultitudeadiscourseonsin,inallitsbranches.”（Hawthorne,2001）InDimmesdale’ssermons,hespeaks