考研英语二真题与答案 2.docx

考研英语二真题与答案 2.docx

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考研英语二真题与答案2

2018年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語

（二）

及答案

SectionI  UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET. （10points）

WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?

Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto___1___uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill___2__tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill___3___.

　　Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoBoothSchoolofBusinessandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto___4___themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone___5___,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?

Halfofthepenswould___6___anelectricshockwhenclicked.

　　Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswererigged;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.___7___leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmorejoltsthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould___8___.Subsequentexperimentsreplicatedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,___9___thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

　　Thedriveto___10___isdeeplyingrainedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrives___11___orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago,aco-authorofthepaper.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan____12___newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch__13____canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo____14____thingsisaprofoundone.

Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto___15___,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto___16___howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto___17____toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe___18__offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine___19____itisworththeendeavor.“Thinkingaboutlong-term___20___iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.

1.A.ignore

B.protect

C.discuss

D.resolve

2.A.refuse

B.seek

C.wait

D.regret

3.A.rise

B.last

C.hurt

D.mislead

4.A.alert

B.expose

C.tie

D.treat

5.A.trial

B.message

C.review

D.concept

6.A.remove

B.deliver

C.weaken

D.interrupt

7.A.Unless

B.If

C.When

D.Though

8.A.change

B.continue

C.disappear

D.happen

9.A.suchas

B.ratherthan

C.regardlessof

D.owingto

10.A.disagree

B.forgive

C.discover

D.forget

11.A.pay

B.food

C.marriage

D.schooling

12.A.beginwith

B.reston

C.leadto

D.learnfrom

13.A.inquiry

B.withdrawal

C.persistence

D.diligence

14.A.self-deceptive

B.self-reliant

C.self-evident

D.self-destructive

15.A.trace

B.define

C.replace

D.resist

16.A.conceal

B.overlook

C.design

D.predict

17.A.choose

B.remember

C.promise

D.pretend

18.A.relief

B.outcome

C.plan

D.duty

19.A.how

B.why

C.where

D.whether

20.A.limitations

B.investments

C.consequences

D.strategies

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandrotememorization,butpractical,reportsstaffwriterStacyTeicherKhadaroointhisweek’scoverstory.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlybamboozledbyabustedbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewmantra.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall–andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless–missesanimportantpoint:

That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljob,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodothemKoziatek'sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek'sschooliswake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversityofgifts.

21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudent'slackof.

A.academictraining

B.practicalability

C.pioneeringspirit

D.mechanicalmemorizetion

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

A.haveastereotypedmind

B.havenocareermotivation

C.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

D.arenotacademicallysuccessful

23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

C.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-classjobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedwirkforce

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.

A.tolerant

B.cautious

C.supportive

D.disappointed

Text2

Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas–stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewableispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:

Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels–especiallycoal–asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration–andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tsshine?

”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.

Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup–perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinshowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes–ordoesn’tdo–topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.

26.Theword“plummeting”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica_____.

A.isprogressingnotably

B.isasextensiveasinEurope

C.facesmanychallenges

D.hasprovedtobeimpractical

28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,____.

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource.

B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

29.Whichofthe