Unit5Therealtruthaboutlies练习答案综合教程三.docx

Unit5Therealtruthaboutlies练习答案综合教程三.docx

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Unit5Therealtruthaboutlies练习答案综合教程三

Unit-5-The-real-truth-about-lies练习答案综合教程三

LT

whiteliesareubiquitous,andpeoplehavetakensuchliesforgranted,believingthattheyarewell-intended.WhenheconsultedwithMichaelJosephson,thereplyisverynegative:

hismother-in-lawmayfeelhurtwhenshediscoversthedeceitsomeday.Orevenworse,shemayquestion:

"Andwhatelsehaveyouliedtomeabout?

"Inshort,suchwhiteliesmayproducemistrustamongpeople.

4.RefertoParagraphs12-15.Theconsequencesoflyingarethree-fold:

thedeceivedmayfeelcheatedandwon'ttrusttheliaranymore;theliarwilllosetrustandgetentangledinthelieshefabricates;and,ifliesproliferateendlessly,societyasawholewouldfalterandcollapseastrustisdamagedordestroyed.

5.RefertoParagraph16.Notallwhiteliesareunacceptable.Somefalsehoodslikesettingsomebodyupforasurprisepartyortellingchildrenaboutthetoothfairycanbejustified.However,youhavetoconsidertheattitudeofthedeceivedtowardslyingandtheconsequences,i.e.whetheryouractwillunderminehistrustinyou.

IV.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentences.

1.Whenwestarttotellalie,wehaveenteredaveryintricatesituation,asalieoftenrequiresfurtherliesuntilthewholestructureofliesbecomessocomplexthatitensnarestheliar.

2.Oneislessinhibitedfromlying;hisabilitytomakemoralrightandwrongjudgmentsisdulled,andhemaybecomelesscautiousagainstbeingcaught.

3.Themostunderstandableandacceptableliesarethosewhicharetoldforthesakeofloveandcareattheexpenseoftrust,accordingtotheethicists.

Structuralanalysisofthetext

Paragraphs12-15:

theconsequencesoftellinglies

Paragraphs16-18:

whichliestobeavoided

Rhetoricalfeaturesofthetext

Example1:

20,000middle-andhigh-schoolersweresurveyedbytheJosephsonInstituteofEthics--anonprofitorganizationinMarinadelRey,California.（Paragraph5）

Example2:

PhilosopherSisselaBokwarnsusthat...（Paragraph12）

Vocabularyexercises

I.Explaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.

1.veryimportant/shocking/traumatic

2.avoidhurtingtheother'sfeelings/avoiddoingsomethingthatwouldupsettheotherperson

3.tellingthetruthwithafavorableemphasisorslant/modifyingthetruth

4.acourseofactionwhichcaneasilyleadtosomethingunacceptable,wrong,ordisastrous

5.underanycircumstances/whatevermighthappen

（Somesimilarexpressions:

atanycost,whateverthecost）

II.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordtakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.

1.supportive2.perceived

3.prevarication4.astounded

5.undermine6.faltered

7.fibs8.volunteered

III.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.

1.unethical2.feigned

3.unsparing4.cynical

5.confoundedly6.lubricated

7.entangled8.Willful

IV.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriatephrasalverborcollocationtakenfromthetext.

1.coverup

2.blurtedout

3.setup

4.findout

5.wear/woredown

6.specializesin

7.professesto

8.complimented...on

V.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.

1.Synonym:

evasion（equivocation）

2.Synonym:

chronic（repeated）

3.Synonym:

common（prevalent,omnipresent）

4.Antonym:

slightly

5.Antonym:

insult（reproach,criticize）

6.Synonym:

distort

7.Synonym:

growth（multiplication）

8.Antonym:

strengthened（consolidated）

VI.Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.

1.cancelled

2.overcome

3.follow

4.fellinto

5.makeitmoreacceptable

6.feelunhappyabout

7.removedfromconsideration

8.reserveforfutureuse

Grammarexercises

I.Identifythemeaningofthewordsinitalics.

1.probability2.possibility

3.intention4.possibility

5.necessity6.possibility

7.obligation8.probability

II.Completeeachsentencewithwhatyouthinkthemostappropriateofthefourchoicesgiven.

1.C

2.C（Wedon'tusemay/mightinaquestionwhentheyrefertopossibility.）

3.B（Shouldisusedafteriftosuggestalessstrongpossibility.）

4.A（Idon'tthinkhecouldhavebeenthere=Idon'tthinkit'spossiblethathewasthere.）

5.D（Won'theresuggestsrefusal.）

6.B（Inarequestforpermission,thespeakerusesthepastmodaltoshowpoliteness.）

7.B

8.B（Couldreferstoageneralabilityinthepastwhilewasabletoreferstoasingleachievementinthepast.）

9.A（Dareisusedasalexicalverbinthissentence.Itcanbefollowedbyaninfinitiveeitherwithorwithoutto.）

10.A

III.Rewritethesentencesbelowusingthewordsandphrasesfromthebox.

1.Hecan'thavetolduseverything.

2.Somethingmusthavegonewrong.

3.Shecan'tbeonlythirtyyearsold.

4.Theymaynotknowyet.

5.Theroadcould/mayhavebeenclosed.

6.Thepolicemustknowthat.

7.Theremay/couldhavebeenatrafficjam.

（Wedon'tuse"can+havedone"inapositivestatement.）

8.Thelettercould/mayarrivetoday.

9.Thatwill/mustbemymother.

10.Thereshouldbetimetodosomeshopping.

IV.Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingverblessclauses.

1.Whenindoubt,tellthetruth.Itwillconfoundyourenemiesandastoundyourfriends.

2.Whenheated,metalexpands.

3.Iftrue,itwillcauseusalotoftrouble.

4.Wheneverpossible,theyshouldbetyped.

5.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

6.Sendthegoodsnow,ifready.

7.Ifnecessary,ringmeathome.

8.Heglancedaboutasifinsearchofsomething.

V.Completethesentenceswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven.

1.discussing,havingreached

2.paying

3.Lying,sitting

4.topacify,tobepacified,grumbling

5.repeat,tomake,todo

6.going,stay

7.tosee,toavoid,hitting

8.toarrive,rising

9.doing

10.tomake,tosee

VI.Makesentencesofyourownafterthesentencesgivenbelow,keepingtheitalicizedpartsinyoursentences.

1.You'reallputintodifferentgroupsaccordingtoyourability.

Accordingtomydictionary,thereareseveralmeaningsforthatword.

2.Whetheryoulikeitornot,it'sgoingtohappen.

Theywillleavewhetheryouagreeornot.

Translationexercises

I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.最惊人的是，这些撒了数以千计谎言的人声称，欺骗行为并没有让他们十分“纠结或愧疚”。

2.尽管如此，91%的参加者称“对自己的道德和人品还是感到满意”。

3.毫无疑问，这些“善意的谎言”于他人无害且初衷良好，是不可缺少的社交润滑剂。

4.如果你没有把握，马克·吐温给过我们一条经验法则：

“拿不准的时候，就实话实说。

实话会迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。

”

II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesgiveninbrackets.

1.Hamletfeignedmadnesswhenhewashesitatingwhattodo.

2.Prevaricationisoneofthetechniquesthisbusinessmanlikestoemploy.

3.Sometimesthelightofthetruthisjusttoodazzling,sowhiteliesareubiquitous.

4.ManywomeninAmericaprofessthattheyareunhappywiththeirstatusassecond-classcitizens.

5.Ontheimpulseofthemoment,heblurtedoutthesecret.

6.Youshouldgetridofanyprejudice,resisttemptationsandletnothingwarpyourjudgment.

7.Beingover-sensitiveandimaginative,heoftenweavesatangledwebinhismind.

8.Heisverypopularamonghispeersashealwaystriestospareothersanytrouble.

III.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

美国有调查表明，大多数人出于不同的原因、在不同程度上说过谎。

有时，他们说谎是为了让别人高兴。

比如：

装出积极的态度来肯定朋友或配偶，实际上他/她内心却没有如此认可。

有时，他们说谎是为了提升自己。

这种情况现在越来越普遍了。

有时，是为了避免伤害别人，当未加粉饰的实情难以接受的时候更是如此。

有人则把说谎看作一种必要的社交润滑剂。

不管怎么说，说谎都是为了掩饰实情。

关于说谎，不同的人有不同的观点。

有些人认为，假话，即便是看上去无害的假话，也可能带来预料不到的后果。

一个人说了第一个谎话之后，他就需要说更多的谎话来掩饰最初的谎话，最后会变成沉重的精神负担。

一位哲学家警告说，如果一个人说谎，他就（等于）把自己置于一个溜滑的斜坡上，因为他的心理障碍减轻了。

但是，另外一些人则认为，我们不必不惜一切代价去避免所有善意的谎言，因为一个善意的谎言可能仅仅是用牺牲信任而去换取关心和爱护而已。

对此你持什么观点呢？

Exercisesforintegratedskills

I.Dictationscript

Childhoodislesscleartomethantomanypeople:

/whenitendedIturnedmyfaceawayfromit/fornoreasonthatIknowabout,/certainlywithouttheusualreasonofunhappymemories./Formanyyearsthatworriedme,/butthenIdiscovered/thatthetalesofformerchildrenareseldomtobetrusted./Somepeoplesupplytoomanypastvictoriesorpleasures/withwhichtocomfortthemselves,/andotherpeopleclingtopains,realandimagined,/toexcusewhattheyhavebecome./IthinkIhavealwaysknownaboutmymemory./Iknowwhenitistobetrusted/andwhensomedreamorfantasyenteredonthelife,/andthedream,theneedofdream,/ledtodistortionofwhathappened.

II.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEwordyouthinkappropriate.

（1）service

（2）rather

（3）off（4）are

（5）advantage（6）much

（7）relations（8）if

（9）as（10）moral

（11）either（12）truth