专题三形容词和副词.docx
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专题三形容词和副词
专题三形容词和副词
考纲解读
内容解讯
1.了解形容词和副词的语法功能.
2.了解多个形容词作定语的排列顺序.
3.掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式；
4.掌握形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的结构和用法；
5.掌握修饰比较级或最高级常用的词（词组）；
6.掌握几种特殊表达方式.
能力解读
1.学会在交际中表达“比较”的意念.
2.掌握英语中形容词和副词的语法特征及它们之间的语义差异.
命题的趋势
未来的高考测试，热点仍将集中在对形容词和副词的级的考查上，同时继续加强对形容词和副词的基本词义的考查.
五年高考
例题剖析
1.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuchshewasgetting.
A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviest
2.Idon’tmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore.,thewalkwilldomegood.
A.SoonerorlaterB.StillC.IntimeD.Besides
3.studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.
A.TenstrongyourChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoung
C.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChinese
4.AlthoughIcanwalkabout,thereisstillapaininmyleg.
A.weakB.slightC.tenderD.soft
5.Thatdoesn’tsoundveryfrightening,Paul.I’veseen.Whatdidyoulikemostaboutthefilm?
A.betterB.worseC.bestD.worst
好题精练
1.Inthatcase,thereisnothingyoucandothanwait.
A.moreB.otherC.betterD.any
2.Borishasbrains.Infact,IdoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshasIQ.
A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest
3.Allthepeopleatthepartywerehissupporters.
A.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important
4.Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestoodtohermother.
A.closeB.closelyC.closedD.closing
5.—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.
—Youcanneverbecarefulinthestreet.
A.muchB.veryC.soD.too
6.Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,sometimesforanhour,thinkingofyoungandhappydays.
A.aslongasB.assoonasC.asmuchasD.asmanyas
7.In,thenorthernersarekeenondumplingswhilethesouthernersarefondofrice.
A.commonB.totalC.generalD.particular
8.Accordingtotherecentsurvey,canceristheleadingcauseofdeathamongyoungadultsinthisarea,.
A.apparentlyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.probably
9.Wewereinwhenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.
A.arushsoanxiousB.asuchanxiousrush
C.soananxiousrushD.suchaanxiousrush
10.Comeandseemewhenever.
A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenient
C.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyou
11.IhaveworkedwithhimforsometimeandhavefoundthatheisthanJohn.
A.moreefficientlyaworkerB.amoreefficientworker
C.moreanefficientworkerD.aworkermoreefficiently
12.FinishPresidentsaidFinland-Chinarelationshadprogressedwithfruitfulco-operationinnewandhigh-teachfields.
A.peacefullyB.highlyC.quietlyD.somethly
13.Theelderlyneedspecialcareinwinter,astheyaretothesuddenchangeofweather.
A.sensitiveB.sensibleC.flexibleD.positive
14.HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenotanativespeaker.
A.B.C.D.
15.InChineseculture,marriagedecisionswereoftenmadebyparentsfortheirchildren.
A.traditionalB.historicC.remoteD.initial
16.Mostpeopleonthisislandrerecreationalfishers,and,fishingformasanactualpartoftheirleisuretime.
A.accidentallyB.purposefullyC.obviouslyD.formally
17.Thehusbandgavehiswifeeverymonthinordertopleaseher.
A.allhalfhisincomeB.hishalfallincome
C.halfhisallincomeD.allhishalfincome
18.Parentsaretaughttounderstandimportanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.
A.thatB.howC.suchD.so
19.Sometimesitwasabitboringtoworktherebecausetherewasn’talwaysmuchtodo.
A.suchB.thatC.moreD.very
20.Thegreatsuccessofthisprogrammehasbeenduetothesupportgivenbythelocalbusinessmen.
A.ratherB.veryC.quicklyD.largely
21.Whenweplanourvacation,motheroftenofferssuggestions.
A.carefulB.practicalC.effectiveD.acceptable
22.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesusesenergyasthewholeofEurope.
A.astwiceB.twicemuchC.twicemuchasD.twiceamuch
规律方法
命题规律
1.从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点：
（1）形容词的比较级和最高级；
（2）在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义.
2.对于比较级的考查，淡化结构，注重深层语义.“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的，而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的.
3.在加强考查词义辨的题目中，高考不但加强了对语义的考查（而不仅是语法）.随着教材词汇量的增大，而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查.
突破方法
1.加强对比较级和最高级表达的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的速度.在理解上，不能留任何疑点.
2.加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习，要做到“词不离句，句不离文”.做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，认真辨析从而做出最佳选择.
知识清单
一、形容词的分类.
二、形容词的构成
1.由后缀构成的形容词
后缀
例词
-ern
northern,southern,western,eastern,modern
-ish
foolish,feverish,British,Swedish,Irish
-ive
active,expensive,native,instructive
-ous
serious,curious,obvious,anxious,mysterious,religious
-able
comfortable,reasonable,valuable,unable
-al
national,natural,political,usual,special,normal
-an
American,Australian,Russian,Italian,Egyptian,Canadian
-ant
pleasant,constant,important,distant
-ary
revolutionarynecessary,ordinary,primary,military
-ful
careful,beautiful,wonderful,useful,harmful,successful
-less
careless,wireless,useless,harmless,airless,fearless
-ly
friendly,lonely,likely,lovely,orderly,daily,lively,comradely,deadly,soldierly
-some
handsome,troublesome,tiresome,quarrelsome
-ous
famous,dangerous,nervous,continuous
-y
healthy,noisy,windy,rainy,dirty,funny,sunny,hungry
2.复合形容词的构成
构成方法
例词
副词词干+分词
hard-working勤劳的
bravely-finding英勇战斗的
well-known闻或的
deep-set深陷的
newly-made新建的
fast-changing飞速变化着的
名词词干+过去分词
man-made人造的
snow-covered被雪覆盖的
名词词干+现在分词
time-consuming耗时的
energy-saving节省能源的
grass-eating食草的
名词词干+形容词词干
world-famous世界闻名的
snow-white雪白的
life-long终生的
oil-rich石油储量的
数词词干+名词词干
five-star五星级的
ten-year10年的
two-man二人的
数词词干+名词-ed
three-legged三条腿的
four-storedyed四层的
数词词干+名词+形容词
five-year-old5岁的
500-metre-long500米长的
形容词词干+过去分词
ready-made现在的，预先制成的
clean-washed洗得干净的
形容词词干+名词-ed
kind-hearted好心的
middle-aged中年的
cold-blooded冷血的
short-sighted近视的，目光短浅的
形容词词干+现在分词
ordinary-looking相貌一般的
funny-looking样子滑稽的
sweet-smelling闻着午甜可口的
形容词词干+形容词词干
red-hot炽热的
dark-blue深蓝色的
三、表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系.
修饰可数名数
修饰不可数名词
修饰可数或不可数名词
a（few）
fewer
（the）fewest
several
many
a（great）numberof
hundredsof
dozensof
abitof
（a）little
less
agreatdealof
amount
much
all
alotof,lotsof
enough
plentyof
more,most
some,any
四、副词的分类
1.时间副词now,then,today,tomorrow,ago,lately,soon,immediately,oftenusually,early
2.地点副词outside,upstairs,anywhere,upforward,herethere,away,in,backoff
3.方式副词simply,quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,again,once,easily,together
4.程度副词very,quite,rather,extremely,completely,widely,partly,perfectly,badly,too
5.疑问副词when,where,why,how
6.关系副词when,where,why,how
7.连接副词when,where,why,how（引导定语从句）
8.其他surely,certainly,really,however,therefore,perhaps,moreover,yes,no
考点知识清单二形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
关于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法，应注意以下具体问题
1.表示倍数的三个句型：
①...timesas+形容词原级+as…
Thistableis3timesasbigasthatone.
②...timesthe+性质名词+of...
Thistableis3timesthesizeofthatone.
③...times+形容词比较级+than
Thistableistwicebiggerthanthatone.
2.同程度级的比较，用as...as，thesameas,such...as引导：
HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter（is）.
=HenryissuchagoodworkerasPeter（is）.
Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.
3.the+比较级……,the+比较级……，表示“越……，越……”.
Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.你卖的票越多，挣得钱越多.
Themoreyoutalked,thelessattentionhepaidyou.你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲.
Thelongeryoustay,thebetter（itwillbe）.你呆的时间越长越好.
4.比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……”.
Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.这个城市变得越来越美丽了.
5.the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词
Thetallerofthetwoboysinmybrother.
6.用介词by表示相差的程度.
SheistallerthanIbyoneminute.最后一趟火车，我差一分钟没赶上.
7.一个人的两种性质的比较，用more…than…结构：
—Annactsquiteunfriendly.
—Ithinkshe’smoreshythanunfriendly.
与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞.
8.否定+比较级=最高级
Thereisnogreaterlovethanofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱.
Hehasneverspentamoveworryingday.
9.比较的对象不能相互包容，注意：
比较级+than+
TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheUnitedStates.
密西西比河比美国任何其它一条河都长.
Chinaislargerthan
10.修饰比较级的修饰语常见的有：
rather,much,still,even,far,any（用于否定句或疑问句）,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等.例如：
Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.
Acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.
修饰最高级的有：
序数词byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike.例如：
ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥.
I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机.
11.比较的对象应该相同.如：
TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.
Theradiosmadeinourfactoryarebetterthanthose（made）inyourfactory.
ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.（人口与人口相比，出现代词that）.
Chinahasalargerpopulationthananyothercountryintheworld.（国家和国家相比较）
12.比较状语从句中代动词的使用.如：
BoblooksyoungerthanI.
A.amB.doC.lookD.did
两个比较对象应在同一层面上比较，前者是“看上去年龄小”，后者也应是“看上去……”，但从句中除助动词、情态动词和系动词be外，其他动词不能重复使用，须用动词do的适当形式代替.不同的人或物相比，时态应相同，故答案应选B项.但注意：
Boblooksyoungerthanheis.Bob看上去比实际年龄要年轻.
BoblookedyoungerthanIdid.（时态要一致）
Iknowyoubetterthanhedoes.我比他更了解你.
Iknowyoubetterthanhim.我了解你比了解他更清楚.
13.注意no+比较级+than的特殊含义及一些特殊结构.
AisnomorecarefulthanB.A和B两人都不仔细.
AisnolesscarefulthanB.A和B两人都很不仔细.
AisnomorecarefulthanB.A不如B仔细.
AisnotlesscarefulthanB.A的仔细程度并不弱于B.
InnocountryotherthanBritaincanoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.
Morethanonestudentwasgivenawayatickettotheall-starconcert.
不止一个学生拿到了赠送的全明星音乐会的票.
Heranratherthanwalked,sohefeel
升级会员 