TKKJessicaTseng语言学Syntax树形图整理.docx

TKKJessicaTseng语言学Syntax树形图整理.docx

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TKKJessicaTseng语言学Syntax树形图整理

语言学-Syntax树形图整理

followingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andaspecifier.Drawtheappropriatetreestructureforeach.

a）astoryaboutasentimentalgirl

NP

NPPP

DetNPNP

DetAdjN

astoryaboutasentimentalgirl

b）oftenreaddetectivestories

VP

QualVNP

AdjN

oftenreaddetectivestories

c）theargumentagainsttheproposals

NP

NPPP

DetNPNP

DetN

theargumentagainsttheproposals

d）movetowardsthewindow

VP

VPP

PNP

DetN

movetowardsthewindow

phrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences

a）Thejetlanded.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetNPstV

Thejetlanded

b）Marybecameveryill.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

NPstVAP

DegAdj

Marybecameveryill

c）Theapplemighthittheman.

Inflp（=S）

NPVP

DetNAuxVNP

DetN

Theapplemighthittheman

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetNVNP

DetN

Theapplemighthittheman

d）Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.

InflP（=S）

NPVP

NQualVNP

AdjN

Heoftenreadsdetectivestories

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

Pres

NQualVNP

AdjN

Heoftenreadsdetectivestories

e）Theteacherturnedoffthelight.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetNPstVprtNP

DetN

Theteacherturnedoffthelight

f）Theteacherturnedthelightoff.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetNPstVNPPrt

DetN

Theteacherturnedthelightoff

followingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a）YouknowthatIhatewar.

InflP（=S）

NPVP

CP

NVCS

NPVP

NVNP

N

YouknowthatIhatewar

ORCP

CInflP（=S）

NPInflVP

CP

NPresVCS

NPVP

NVNP

N

YouknowthatIhatewar

b）Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetNpstVPP

PCP

CS

NPVP

VN

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings

c）Helenputonherclothesandwentout.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

pst

NVPConjVP

VPNPVAdv

VPrtDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

Pst

NVPConjVP

VPNPVAdv

VPrtDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

d）Johniseagertoplease.

Inflp（=S）

NVP

VAdjPrtV

Johniseagertoplease

e）Johniseasytoplease.

Inflp（=S）

NVP

VAdjPrtV

Johniseasytoplease

f）Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

InflP（=S）

NPVP

NVPConjVP

VPNPVPNP

VAdjPrtNVAPrtN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

NPresVPConjVP

VPNPVPNP

VAdjPrtNVAdjPrtN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

g）Gerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.

InflP（=S）

NPVP

NAuxNegVNP

CP

DetNPCS

NNPInflVP

NPstVNP

DetAdjN

GerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

derivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.

a）Whatwillyoutalkabout?

CP

CS

NPInflVP

VPP

PN

youwilltalkaboutwhat

CP

NPCS

NInflNPInflVP

VPPP

VPN

Whatwillyouetalkaboute

b）Wouldyoucometomorrow?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

VP

NPInflAdvP

NVAdv

youwouldcometomorrow

Surfacestructure

CP

CS

VP

NPInflAdvP

Infl

NVAdv

wouldyouecometomorrow

c）Canyoupassmethenewspaper?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

VP

NPInflNPNP

NVNDetN

youcanpassmethenewspaper

Surfacestructure

CP

CS

VP

InflNPInflNPNP

NVNDetN

Canyouepassmethenewspaper

d）WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

VP

NPInflPP

NPNP

NVP

NDetN

Helenwasbringingwhattotheparty

Surfacestructure

CP

NPCS

VP

NInflNPInflPP

NPNP

NVP

NDetN

whatwasHelenebringingetotheparty

ofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.

a）Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

DetNCPpstVAP

CSDegAdj

NPInflVP

NPstVNP

N

Theessayhewrotethatwastoolong

SurfaceStructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

pst

DetNCPVAP

CSDegAdj

NPNPInflVP

NNPstVNP

N

Theessaythathewroteewastoolong

b）Thedogthathekeepsbites.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

DetNCPV

CS

NPInflVP

NPresVNP

N

Thedoghekeepsthatbites

SurfaceStructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

DetNCPV

CS

NPNPInflVP

NNPresVNP

N

Thedogthathekeepsebites

c）Herbertfoundthemansheloved.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

NPstVNP

CP

DetNCS

NPInflVP

NP

NPstV

N

Herbertfoundthemanshelovedwho

SurfaceStructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

NPstVNP

CP

DetNS

C

NPInflVP

NPNP

NNPstV

N

Herbertfoundtheman（whom）shelovede

d）Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

DetNCPVPP

PNP

CS

N

NPInflVP

PP

NQualVPNP

VPN

Thegirlheoftenquarrelswithwhommajorsinlinguistics

SurfaceStructure

CP

CS

NPInflVP

DetNCPVPP

PN

CS

NPNPInflVP

PP

NNQualVPNP

VPN

Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithemajorsinlinguistics