英语翻译chapter2.docx
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英语翻译chapter2
英语翻译-chapter-2
ChapterTwoLexicalTranslation
2.1TheComparisonbetweenEnglish&Chinese:
2.1.1TheComparisoninvocabulary.
2.2.1.1Fromtheirmeanings.eg:
●车
●船
●门
●酒
●人
●cousin
●wear
●arm
●aunt
●sister
2.1.2Fromsentencestructure
AEg.He’sagoodsinger.
Heisanardentloverofclassicmusic.
BEg.Iwouldnotbelievewhathesaid.
Ididnotrememberasinglepointdiscussedatthemeeting.
IknowMr.Wang.
Heisthebestsinger.
CEg.Theboy,whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreak,said,whenIspoketohim,thathewasveryhungrybecausehehadhadnofoodfortwodays.
2.2Translationtechniques
由于汉英词汇意义存在不对应现象,翻译时应通过各种手段对靶语(TL)的词义加以补充或限定,技巧上表现为词语的增减、阐释、借用、音译等。
如:
2.3.1Equivalence(对等译法)
1)words:
2)idioms:
●speakone’smind
●fishintroubledwater
●indeepwater
●turnupone’snoseat
●touchandgo
●破斧成舟
●大惊小怪
●颠倒黑白
●视而不见
●得意忘形
3)Proverbs:
●Lookbeforeyouleap.
●Makehaywhilethesunshines.
.
●Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.
●Illnewstravelsfast.
●Practicemakesperfect.
●欲速则不达.
●出门一里,不如家里.
●皇天不负苦心人.
●小巫见大巫.
Practice:
1.这些国家的经济形势每况愈下.
2.扪心自问,他不得不承认自己是错了.
3.你为什么要引狼入室
4.侵略者已经走投无路.
5.他是信口开河,他对经济一窍不通.
6.Itookthenewswithagrainofsalt.
7.Youhavealuckystaraboveyou.
8.Heisreapingwhathehassown.
9.Sheisaneasy-goingwoman.Shealwaysthrowshercarestothewinds.
10.Thatlittlegirlhasareadytongue.
2.2.2Nonequivalence(不对等译法)
英汉词义对比(张春柏2003:
31-36)
1)Semanticscope(语义范围、指称意义、外延意义、认知意义)
⑴Japanesearmykilledmillionsofinnocentpeopleduringthewar.
⑵Threemenwerekilledintheaccident.
⑶Theenginewaskilledbytheflood.
⑷Yourjokenearlykilledme.
⑸I’mreadingthisbookjusttokilltime.
⑹日服3次,每次一片。
⑺你说得有道理,我服了。
⑻他不服指导。
⑼我在那里只住了3天,因为不服水土,又回来了。
⑽服兵役是每个青年的义务。
2)Connotativemeaning(内涵意义)
春天:
男子汉:
荷花:
lotusflower:
菊花:
“黄”
Individualism
privacy
3)Affectivemeaning(情感意义)
龙
Propaganda
4)Reflectivemeaning(联想意义)
cock,intercourse,ejaculation
socialintercourse
干杯!
5)Collocatingmeaning(搭配意义)
Prettyvshandsome
6)Stylisticmeaning(风格意义)
赵:
听说他,不当厨师改防忽悠热线了,竟敢扬言再不上当受骗了,残酷的现实已直逼我心理防线了,今年我要不卖他点啥,承诺三年的话题我就没法跟观众兑现了。
观众:
好!
好!
徒弟1:
师傅,进去吧。
赵:
别着急,先拨个骚扰电话。
徒弟1:
通了。
范:
你好!
赵:
你好!
范:
这里是借你借你一眼慧眼,防忽悠咨询热线。
我是资深上当者老范,凭借多年上当经验,对你是否被忽悠了做出明确判断。
有人卖拐请按1,有人卖车请按2,有人出脑筋急转弯请按3,有人卖担架直接拨110!
赵:
你好!
范:
你好!
赵:
请问您是范师傅吧?
范:
嗯—你…是哪位?
赵:
我是…….有一个问题想直接咨询你老一下。
2.3.2Amplification(增词译法)eg
●1.Afterthefootballmatch,he'sgotanimportantmeeting.
●2.ThisgreatscientistwasborninNewEngland.
Practice
1.他喜欢指出别人的缺点,但用意是好的.
2.你越讲空洞的大道理,人家越感到讨厌.
3.这个小男孩饭前都洗手,然后用餐巾纸擦干.
4.只是晚上躺在床上的时候,她才感到神志清醒.
2.3.3Omission(省词译法)
1.Heisagoodfriendthatspeakswellofusbehindourbacks.
2.Thesunisbright,andtheskyisclear.
Practice:
1.Ifyoudon'tgotheretomorrow,they'llgetangry.
2.InSeptember1939,theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.
3.她连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何错误.
4.在工作中我们必须避免出现不必要的错误.
5.这台电视机真是价廉物美.
6.中国足球的落后状态必须改变.
2.3.4Combination(合词译法)eg
1.You’llsupplyfinancialpower,andwe’llsupplymanpower.Isn’tthatfairandsquare?
2.Inourworkshopthereisahardandfastruleagainstsmoking.
Practice:
3.Heisdeadandgone.
4.Hisfatherisamanwhoforgivesandforgets.
5.Hersonwaswiseandclear,butherdaughterwassillyandfoolish.
6.Heisamanofcultureandlearning.
7.Theroomiscozyandcomfortable.
8.Reallyandtruly
2.3.5Conversion(转性译法)
1.VietnameseWarisadrainonAmericanresources.
2.Mysuggestionisthatheshouldquitsmokingatonce.
Practice:
3.Millionsofthepeopleinthemountainousareasarefinallyoffpoverty.
4.Thepeoplearewithhim.
5.Everyonewasawayonholiday.
6.Whatareyouafter?
7.Itwasaveryinformativemeeting.
8.他能喝很多酒.
9.他这个人最爱说话了.
10.他们迫切地想弄到消息.
11.演出已经开始了.
12.那个家伙笨得出奇.
13.他统治那个地区长达二十年之久.
2.3.6Variation(换形译法)
●1.Youthinkshewillcomeifitisfinetomorrow.ButIdon'tthinkso.
●2.Yousayheworkshard;sohedoes.
●3.Thewholeprojectwascompletedinaquarterofayear.
Practice:
●4.Adozenandahalfairplanespouredintotheairportduringthatfiveminutes.
●5.Heiswelloverfortyyearsold.
●6.你要看小说,我也要看小说.
●7.法语语法十分难学,学生很少不犯语法错误.
●8.我不喜欢抽烟,抽烟对身体没好处.
●9.本世纪最初二十五年,世界局势非常动荡.
●10.五百年来,中国的戏剧有了很大的发展.
CE陈宏薇(2004:
68-112)
1)词语的指称意义与蕴涵意义的确定
⑴指称意义的理解与表达
例1英军胜利地登上了小岛。
例2他是我父亲。
这姑娘是漂亮。
此人是书就读。
是可忍,孰不可忍?
是古非今。
例3南京的风俗,但凡新媳妇进门,三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜,发个利市。
这菜一定是鱼,取“富贵有余”的意思。
(吴敬梓《儒林外史》)
⑵蕴涵意义的理解与表达
例1……只因生得妩媚风流,满学中都送了两个外号:
一个叫“香怜”,一个叫“玉爱”。
(曹雪芹《红楼梦》)
例2客人一走进大门,扑鼻的是一种幽香,入目的是绿蜡似的的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……(季羡林《夹竹桃》)
例3晚霞如同一片赤红的落叶坠到铺着黄尘的地上,斜阳之下的山冈变成了暗紫,好像是云海之中礁石。
(丽尼《鹰之歌》)
例4水是怎样的开心呵,她将那可怜的失路的小红叶儿,推推挤挤的推到一个漩涡里,使他滴滴溜溜的打圈儿;那叶向前不得,向后不得,急得几乎哭出来;水笑嘻嘻的将手一松,他才一溜烟的逃走了。
(苏雪林《溪水》)
例5最耐寻味是秋日天宇的闲云,那么淡淡然、悠悠然,悄悄远离尘间,对俗世悲欢扰攘,不再有动于衷,......它把一切的赞美与宠爱都隔离在澹澹的秋光外,而只愿做一个闲闲的,远远的,可望不可及的,秋。
(《罗兰秋颂》)
例6它用竹子做骨架,金字屋顶上,覆盖着蓑衣和松树皮,临河四周也是松树皮编成的女墙,可凭栏品茗,八面来风,即便三伏天,这茶店也是一片清凉的世界。
(杨羽仪《水乡茶居》)
例8......两块肩胛骨高高凸出,印成一个阳文的“八”字。
(鲁迅《药》)
2.3.7褒贬译法
●1.Manypeoplethinkthatheisoneofthemostambitiouspoliticiansofourtimes.
●2.Althoughheisveryyoung,heisveryambitiousinhisresearchwork.
●3.Thestubbornboyrefusedtolistentohisparents'advice.
●4.Theinvadersmetastubbornresistancefromthelocalpeople.
Practice:
●5.Sheisfidgetyandrestless.
●6.Alltheinventorshavearestlessmind.
●7.Asluckwouldhaveit,noonewasinthebuildingwhentheexplosionoccurred.
●8.Asluckwouldhaveit,therewasrainonthedayofthepicnic.
●9.Theoldcouplemadeapersistentefforttosearchfortheirdaughterlostinthewar.
●10.Shewasvexedbythepersistentringingofthephone.
Chapter2
1.Theyareaslikeastwobees.
2.Helikesmathematicsmorethanphysics.
3.Likeknowslike.
4.Right,openyourmouth.Letmehavealook.
5.Hehopedtobeabsolutelyrightabouttheissue.
6.Imustanswerthatphone,butI’llbebackrightaway.
7.Theshiprighteditselfafterthebigwavehadpassed.
8.InEngland,wedriveontheleftsideoftheroad,nottherightside.
9.HeexercisedhislegalrightasPresidenttohalttheinvestigation.
10.Itservessb.Right.
11.Miss/Mr.Right
12.Heisthelastmantocome.
13.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.
14.Heshouldbethelastmantoblame.
15.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.
16.Shesaid:
”HeisthelastmanthatIwouldmarry.”
17.Anaggressivecountryisalwaysreadytostartawar.
18.Anaggressiveyoungmancangofarinthisfilm.
19.HenrykeepsboastingthathehastalkedtothePresident.
20.Hewaspoliteandalwaysgaveadvicewillingly.
21.Wewereshockedbyhiscoarsemanners.
22.Theblockadewasasuccess.
23.Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.
24.他决心洗心革面,脱胎换骨.
25.你怎么能过河拆桥,忘恩负义呢?
26.粗心大意
27.痴心妄想
28.丰功伟绩
29.自以为是,夜郎自大
30.宽宏大量,既往不咎
31.这位导演别具匠心,在剧中安排了一场演员走到观众当中的戏.
32.这家伙老是别出心裁,招摇撞骗.
33.这位女影星在舞会上真是仪态万方.
34.这个政客在那场辩论中真是丑态百出.
35.张将军真是足智多谋啊!
36.那个敌参谋长可是诡计多端的呀!
37.Lastterm,ImetmyWaterlooinmyEnglishexamination.
38.Lebaneseborderasjustifiable“hotpursuit”and“self-defense.”
39.Healsostatedthatquestionsonballmarkingswouldbetalkedwitheachindividualmanufacturer.
40.ThemissileswerealreadyinCuba,andallwewouldbedoingwithablockadewouldbe“closingthedoorafterthehorsehadleftthebarn.”