些经典的纳米图片包括些动画.docx
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些经典的纳米图片包括些动画
转一些经典的纳米图片(包括一些动画)
纳米尺度的图片概念
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真正的纳米尺度\Jwc[R&x.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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Carbonnanotubedativejunctionassembly
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Dative(dipolar)bondsareapotentiallyvaluableformofnoncovalentinteractionforuseindiamondoidandmacromolecularnanostructures.Theseinteractionsrequirealonepairdonor,suchasthelonepairofnitrogen,andanacceptor,suchastheemptysp2orbitalorboron.BoronandnitrogenarebothgoodstructuralreplacementsfortheC-Hfragmentsfoundinhydrocarbons(nitrogenbecauseitisisoelectronicwiththeC-Hunit,boronbecauseitcanaccommodatethreecovalentbondstoleavethelastorbitalempty).Inthisdesign,carbonnanotubesarefunctionalizedwithadamantane-baseddativehingesthatlockeachfragmentintoplacetoformtheextendednetwork.(grey=carbon,white=hydrogen,blue=nitrogen,green=boron;left:
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ThesedesignsaretheresultofacollaborationwithDr.RalphMerkleintotheapplicationofthedativebondinmolecularbuildingblockapproachesformolecular-basedmaterialsdesign.CarbonnanotubedativejunctionassemblyG#.q%Up.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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Inthisdesign,tworigiddiamondoidringsarefusedataquasi-tetrahedraljunctionandsized,throughtheadditionorsubtractionofrepeatsubunitsineachring,toaccommodatetwocarbonnanotubesofdifferentdiameters.ThecrimpingofthenanotubesisaresultofvanderWaalspackingoftherings,afeaturethatcanbeenhancedorremovedbyadjustingtheringsize.(grey=carbon,white=hydrogen,blue=nitrogen,red=oxygen)Bh65qHQO.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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Low-frictionbearingassemblywithtwocarbonallotropesvU9:
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Inthisdesign,twodiamondoidringsreplacesmallsegmentsofacarbonnanotube,providingalockforathird,largerring.Thelargerringincludesastitch-workofoxygenstocreateanelectron-richinteriorwhoseeffectivecircularvanderWaalspackingjusttouchesthatofthenanotubeframework.rbrh;\M.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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Rigidrod-basednanomechanicalgearassemblyw8a
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Here,afive-foldrotationaxisinasinglerigidrodiscoupledtofourringscomposedof15subunitseach.Apagodanoidjunctionisincludedalongthisrigidrodtoraisethefivesectionsoftheassemblytocreateanelevatedgearingsystem.TheimageatleftisavanderWaalsrepresentation.Atright,onlytheoxygenandnitrogenatomsareshown(asspheres)tohighlighttherodinterior.(grey=carbon,white=hydrogen,blue=nitrogen,red=oxygen)V)P8w#,.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
AllimagesaretheresultofmolecularmechanicsstructurecalculationsusingeitherTinker(MM2parameters)orNAMD(CHARMM).ImagesweremadewithVMD.VMDandNAMDaredevelopedwithNIHsupportbytheTheoreticalandComputationalBiophysicsgroupattheBeckmanInstitute,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.TinkerisaproductofthePonderLabintheDepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiophysicsattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.E.ZelmanandAppleComputerarethankedfortheirgenerousdonationofresources.bAwKmk9C.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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纳米团簇的制备
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GoldNanoAnchorsPutNanowiresinTheirPlace&9fQW?
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Scanningelectronmicroscopeimageshowsrowsofhorizontalzinc-oxidenanowiresgrownonasapphiresurface.Thegoldnanoparticlesarevisibleontheendsofeachrow[`t;or.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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Illustrationshowshowcrystallinezincoxidenanowires(blue)push"seeds"ofgoldnanoparticles(red)forwardastheygrow&h5Y_noGX.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
ResearchersattheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)havedemonstratedatechniqueforgrowingwell-formed,single-crystalnanowiresinplace—andinapredictableorientation—onacommerciallyimportantsubstrate.1o%#kf.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
Themethodusesnanoparticlesofgoldarrangedinrowsonasapphiresurfaceasstartingpointsforgrowinghorizontalsemiconductor"wires"only3nanometers(nm)indiameter.Othermethodsproducesemiconductornanowiresmorethan10nmindiameter.NISTchemists'workwashighlightedintheOct.11issueofAppliedPhysicsLetters.*Sb/?
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Partofthevisionofnanotechnologyisthepossibilityofbuildingpowerful,extraordinarilycompactsensorsandotherdevicesoutofatomic-scalecomponents.So-called“nanowires”—longthincrystalsof,e.g.,asemiconductor—couldnotonlylinknanoelectronicdeviceslikeconventionalwirebutalsofunctionasdevicesthemselves,tippedwithphotodetectororlight-emittingelements,forexample.B[GC@]HE.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
Anobviousstumblingblockistheproblemofworkingwithcomponentssosmallthatonlythemostsophisticatedmeasurementinstrumentscaneventrackthem.Todate,themostsuccessfulnanowirealignmentmethodinvolvedgrowinglargenumbersoftherod-likecrystalsonasuitablebaselikebladesofgrass,shearingthemoff,mixingtheminasolvent,andforcingthemtoalignbyeitherfloworsurfaceconfinementonthetestsubstratetoorientmostofthecrystalsinaspecifichorizontaldirection.Furtherphotolithographystepsarerequiredtoensurethatnanowiresarepositionedcorrectly.BZ?
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Incontrast,theNISTtechniquegrowsarraysofnanowiresmadeofzincoxide,asemiconductorwidelyusedinoptoelectronics,withprecisealignments.Thegold"anchors"areplacedwithachemicaletchingstepandtheorientationofthewires—horizontal,verticalorata60degreeanglefromthesurface—isdeterminedbytweakingthesizeofthegoldparticles.QIGUi,R.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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"AnatomyofaNanoprobe":
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AschematicillustrationofthechemicalforcemicroscopysetupusedtostretchandbreakduplexDNA.Theinsetshowsacartoonrepresentationsbetweentwocomplementarystrandsimmobilizedonthetipandsamplesurfaces.TheDNAshowninthecartooncorrespondstotherelaxedB-DNAconformationOEW'bT).'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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ThenanotubeswerefabricatedintheUniversityofCambridgeEngineeringdepartmentbyYasuhikoHayashi,whogrewthemusingaCobalt-Palladiumcatalyst.Thisalloyremainspresentintheendsofthenanotubes,andismagnetic.Thenanotubesyouseeherehavea70-100nmdiameter.CharacterisationofthemagneticpropertieswascarriedoutbyEdSimpsonandTakeshiKasamausingElectronHolography,aTEMtechniquewhichrecordsthephaseofanelectronwave.Thephase,beingaffectedbyanymagneticfieldtheelectronpassesthrough,thereforerecordsanyinformationonthemagneticpropertiesonthesampleunderinvestigation.Fromthis,themagneticinductionmapsyouseeherecanbegenerated.Thecoloursrepresentthedirectionandintensityofthefield,andthecontours,themagneticfieldlines.Itisanentirelyquantitativetechnique,soaswellastheseimagesofthefield,themagneticmoment,forinstance,canbededucedtoo.Rlq7.2cP.'阿果资源网()版权所有'
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ThisimagewonFirstPrizeinthe"ScienceClose-Up"categoryintheDailyTelegraphVisionsofSciencecompetition.Theimageshowsamulti-walledcarbonnanotube,approximately190nmindiameter,containinga35-nm-diameterironcrystalencapsulatedinsideit.Ele