些经典的纳米图片包括些动画.docx

些经典的纳米图片包括些动画.docx

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些经典的纳米图片包括些动画

转一些经典的纳米图片（包括一些动画）

纳米尺度的图片概念

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真正的纳米尺度\Jwc[R&x.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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Carbonnanotubedativejunctionassembly

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Dative（dipolar）bondsareapotentiallyvaluableformofnoncovalentinteractionforuseindiamondoidandmacromolecularnanostructures.Theseinteractionsrequirealonepairdonor,suchasthelonepairofnitrogen,andanacceptor,suchastheemptysp2orbitalorboron.BoronandnitrogenarebothgoodstructuralreplacementsfortheC-Hfragmentsfoundinhydrocarbons（nitrogenbecauseitisisoelectronicwiththeC-Hunit,boronbecauseitcanaccommodatethreecovalentbondstoleavethelastorbitalempty）.Inthisdesign,carbonnanotubesarefunctionalizedwithadamantane-baseddativehingesthatlockeachfragmentintoplacetoformtheextendednetwork.（grey=carbon,white=hydrogen,blue=nitrogen,green=boron;left:

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ball-and-stickrendering）;YrmT9Jx6.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

ThesedesignsaretheresultofacollaborationwithDr.RalphMerkleintotheapplicationofthedativebondinmolecularbuildingblockapproachesformolecular-basedmaterialsdesign.CarbonnanotubedativejunctionassemblyG#.q%Up.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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Inthisdesign,tworigiddiamondoidringsarefusedataquasi-tetrahedraljunctionandsized,throughtheadditionorsubtractionofrepeatsubunitsineachring,toaccommodatetwocarbonnanotubesofdifferentdiameters.ThecrimpingofthenanotubesisaresultofvanderWaalspackingoftherings,afeaturethatcanbeenhancedorremovedbyadjustingtheringsize.（grey=carbon,white=hydrogen,blue=nitrogen,red=oxygen）Bh65qHQO.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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Low-frictionbearingassemblywithtwocarbonallotropesvU9:

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Inthisdesign,twodiamondoidringsreplacesmallsegmentsofacarbonnanotube,providingalockforathird,largerring.Thelargerringincludesastitch-workofoxygenstocreateanelectron-richinteriorwhoseeffectivecircularvanderWaalspackingjusttouchesthatofthenanotubeframework.rbrh;\

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Rigidrod-basednanomechanicalgearassemblyw8a

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Here,afive-foldrotationaxisinasinglerigidrodiscoupledtofourringscomposedof15subunitseach.Apagodanoidjunctionisincludedalongthisrigidrodtoraisethefivesectionsoftheassemblytocreateanelevatedgearingsystem.TheimageatleftisavanderWaalsrepresentation.Atright,onlytheoxygenandnitrogenatomsareshown（asspheres）tohighlighttherodinterior.（grey=carbon,white=hydrogen,blue=nitrogen,red=oxygen）V）P8w#,.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

AllimagesaretheresultofmolecularmechanicsstructurecalculationsusingeitherTinker（MM2parameters）orNAMD（CHARMM）.ImagesweremadewithVMD.VMDandNAMDaredevelopedwithNIHsupportbytheTheoreticalandComputationalBiophysicsgroupattheBeckmanInstitute,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.TinkerisaproductofthePonderLabintheDepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiophysicsattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.E.ZelmanandAppleComputerarethankedfortheirgenerousdonationofresources.bAwKmk9C.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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纳米团簇的制备

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GoldNanoAnchorsPutNanowiresinTheirPlace&9fQW?

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Scanningelectronmicroscopeimageshowsrowsofhorizontalzinc-oxidenanowiresgrownonasapphiresurface.Thegoldnanoparticlesarevisibleontheendsofeachrow[`t;or.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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Illustrationshowshowcrystallinezincoxidenanowires（blue）push"seeds"ofgoldnanoparticles（red）forwardastheygrow&h5Y_noGX.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

ResearchersattheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology（NIST）havedemonstratedatechniqueforgrowingwell-formed,single-crystalnanowiresinplace—andinapredictableorientation—onacommerciallyimportantsubstrate.1o%#kf.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

Themethodusesnanoparticlesofgoldarrangedinrowsonasapphiresurfaceasstartingpointsforgrowinghorizontalsemiconductor"wires"only3nanometers（nm）indiameter.Othermethodsproducesemiconductornanowiresmorethan10nmindiameter.NISTchemists'workwashighlightedintheOct.11issueofAppliedPhysicsLetters.*Sb/?

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Partofthevisionofnanotechnologyisthepossibilityofbuildingpowerful,extraordinarilycompactsensorsandotherdevicesoutofatomic-scalecomponents.So-called“nanowires”—longthincrystalsof,e.g.,asemiconductor—couldnotonlylinknanoelectronicdeviceslikeconventionalwirebutalsofunctionasdevicesthemselves,tippedwithphotodetectororlight-emittingelements,forexample.B[GC@]HE.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

Anobviousstumblingblockistheproblemofworkingwithcomponentssosmallthatonlythemostsophisticatedmeasurementinstrumentscaneventrackthem.Todate,themostsuccessfulnanowirealignmentmethodinvolvedgrowinglargenumbersoftherod-likecrystalsonasuitablebaselikebladesofgrass,shearingthemoff,mixingtheminasolvent,andforcingthemtoalignbyeitherfloworsurfaceconfinementonthetestsubstratetoorientmostofthecrystalsinaspecifichorizontaldirection.Furtherphotolithographystepsarerequiredtoensurethatnanowiresarepositionedcorrectly.BZ?

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Incontrast,theNISTtechniquegrowsarraysofnanowiresmadeofzincoxide,asemiconductorwidelyusedinoptoelectronics,withprecisealignments.Thegold"anchors"areplacedwithachemicaletchingstepandtheorientationofthewires—horizontal,verticalorata60degreeanglefromthesurface—isdeterminedbytweakingthesizeofthegoldparticles.QIGUi,R.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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"AnatomyofaNanoprobe":

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ProfessorCharlesM.LieberGroup.{V"Gn9!

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AschematicillustrationofthechemicalforcemicroscopysetupusedtostretchandbreakduplexDNA.Theinsetshowsacartoonrepresentationsbetweentwocomplementarystrandsimmobilizedonthetipandsamplesurfaces.TheDNAshowninthecartooncorrespondstotherelaxedB-DNAconformationOEW'bT）.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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Dr.RafalE.Dunin-Borkowski,UniversityofCambridgeDepartmentofMaterialsScience&MetallurgyGalleryy4^u&0}0$.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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ThenanotubeswerefabricatedintheUniversityofCambridgeEngineeringdepartmentbyYasuhikoHayashi,whogrewthemusingaCobalt-Palladiumcatalyst.Thisalloyremainspresentintheendsofthenanotubes,andismagnetic.Thenanotubesyouseeherehavea70-100nmdiameter.CharacterisationofthemagneticpropertieswascarriedoutbyEdSimpsonandTakeshiKasamausingElectronHolography,aTEMtechniquewhichrecordsthephaseofanelectronwave.Thephase,beingaffectedbyanymagneticfieldtheelectronpassesthrough,thereforerecordsanyinformationonthemagneticpropertiesonthesampleunderinvestigation.Fromthis,themagneticinductionmapsyouseeherecanbegenerated.Thecoloursrepresentthedirectionandintensityofthefield,andthecontours,themagneticfieldlines.Itisanentirelyquantitativetechnique,soaswellastheseimagesofthefield,themagneticmoment,forinstance,canbededucedtoo.Rlq7.2cP.'阿果资源网（）版权所有' 

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ThisimagewonFirstPrizeinthe"ScienceClose-Up"categoryintheDailyTelegraphVisionsofSciencecompetition.Theimageshowsamulti-walledcarbonnanotube,approximately190nmindiameter,containinga35-nm-diameterironcrystalencapsulatedinsideit.Ele