北京学位英语试题和答案.docx

北京学位英语试题和答案.docx

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北京学位英语试题和答案

2012年5月北京学位英语试题和答案

2012年05月12日

PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet。

Passage1

QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Spending50minuteswithacellphoneclosetoyourearisenoughtochangebraincellactivityinthepartofthebrainclosesttotheantenna（天线）.Butwhetherthatcausesanyharmisnotclear,scientistsattheNationalInstituteofHealthsaidataconferencelastmonth,addingthatthestudywillnotlikelysettleconcernsofalinkbetweencellphonesandbraincancer.“Whatweshowedisglucose（葡萄糖）metabolism（代谢）（asignofbrainactivity）increasesinthebraininpeoplewhowereexposedtoacellphoneintheareaclosesttotheantenna,”saidDr.NoraVolkowoftheNIH,whosestudywaspublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.（76）Thestudywasmeanttoexaminehowthebrainreactstoelectromagneticfieldscausedbywirelessphonesignals。

Volkowsaidshewassurprisedthattheweakelectromagneticradiation（电磁辐射）fromcellphonescouldaffectbrainactivity,butshesaidthefindingsdonotshedanylightonwhethercellphonescausecancer.“Thisstudydoesnotinanywayindicatethat.Whatthestudydoesistoshowthehumanbrainissensitivetoelectromagneticradiationfromcellphoneexposures。

”Useofthedeviceshasincreaseddramaticallysincetheywereintroducedintheearly1980s,withabout5billioncellphonesnowinuseworldwide。

Somestudieshavelinkedcellphoneexposuretoanincreasedriskofbraincancers,butalargestudybutheWorldHealthOrganizationdidnotofferaclearanswertothis.Volkow’steamstudied47peoplewhohadtheirbrainexaminedwhileacellphonewasturnedonfor50minutesandanotherwhilethephonewasturnedoff.Whiletherewasnocompletechangeinbrainmetabolism,theyfounda7percentincreaseinbrainmetabolismintheregionclosesttothecellphoneantennawhenthephonewason。

（77）Expertssaidtheresultswereinteresting,buturgedthattheybeunderstoodwithgreatcare.“Althoughthebiologicalsignificance,ifany,ofincreasedglucosemetabolismfromtoomuchcellphoneexposureisunknown,theresultsrequirefurtherinvestigation,”HenryLaioftheUniversityofWashingtonintheU.S.andDr.LennartHardellofUniversityHospitalinSweden,wroteinanarticleinJAMA.“Muchhastobedonetofurtherinvestigateandunderstandtheseeffects。

”Theywrote。

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Cellphoneuseisdangerous。

B.Cellphoneusecausescancer。

C.Thehumanbrainisanelectromagneticfield。

D.Thereareabout5billioncellphoneusersintheworldrightnow。

2.DoctorVolkowwasastonishedbecause______。

A.herresearchhasshedlightonherunderstandingofcellphone

B.shefoundthatcellphoneexposureisharmfultohumanbrain

C.shefoundthatusingacellphoneforabout50minutescouldinfluenceorchangebrainactivity

D.humanbrainisnotresponsivetoelectromagneticradiation

3.Accordingtothepassage,cellphoneswerelaunched_______。

A.inthelate1970sB.between1980and1985

C.inthelate1980sD.intheearly1990s

4.Whatdoestheword“that”standforinthesecondparagraph?

A.Brainactivity。

B.Herresearchfindings。

C.Thefactthatcellphoneusemaycausecancer。

D.Herresearchprogress。

5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A.CellPhoneRadiation:

IsItHarmful?

B.CellPhoneRadiati0n:

IsItUseful?

C.CellPhoneRadiation:

IsItHealthy?

D.CellPhoneRadiation:

IsItWeak?

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Humanbeingshavealwayshadanabilitytoattendtoseveralthingsatonce.（78）Noriselectronicmultitaskingentirelynew:

We’vebeendrivingwhilelisteningtocarradiossincetheybecamepopularinthe1930s.butthereisnodoubtthatmultitaskinghasreachedakindofwarpspeedintheeraofWeb-enabledcomputers,whenithasbecomeroutinetoconductseveralIM（及时通讯）conversations,watchTVandusethecomputerallatonce。

Butwhat’stheimpactofthismediaconsumption?

Andhowarethesemultitaskingdeviceschanginghowkidslearn,reasonandcommunicatewithoneanother?

Socialscientistsandeducatorsarejustbeginningtodealwiththesequestions,buttheresearchersalreadyhavesomestrongopinions。

（79）Althoughmultitaskingkidsmaybebetterpreparedinsomewaysfortoday’sfast-pacedworkplaced,Manyscientistsarepositivelyalarmedbythetrend。

Kidsthatareinstantmessagingwhiledoinghomework,playinggamesonlineandwatchingTV,aren’tgoingtodowellinthelongrun。

Onthepositiveside,multitaskingstudentstendtobeextraordinarilygoodatfindingandusinginformation.Andprobablybecausemodernchildhoodcentersaroundvisual（视觉的）ratherthanprintmedia,theyareespeciallyskilledatanalyzingvisualdataandimages。

Manyeducatorsandpsychologistssayparentsneedtoactivelyensurethattheirteenagersbreakfreeofuncontrollableengagementwithscreensandspendtimeinthephysicalcompanyofhumanbeings—agrowingchallengenotjustbecausetechnologyofferssuchahandyoptionbutbecausesomanyteenagersandcollegestudentssayovercommitted（任务过量的）schedulesdrivesmuchoftheirmultitasking。

Justasimportantisforparentsandeducatortoteachkidsthatit’svaluable,evenessential,tooccasionallyslowdown,unplugsandtaketimetoenjoylifebeyondthescreen。

6.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Howismultitaskingdefine（定义）intheinformationage?

B.Howdopeopleseenewtechnologyandthesocialchangeitbringsabout?

C.Howdoestechnologychangemodernfamilylife?

D.What’stheimpactofmultitaskingonyoungpeople?

7.Theexpression“warpspeed”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto____。

A.Lowspeed

B.Toomuchtimealone。

C.highspeed

D.steadyspeed

8.Accordingtosometeenagersandcollegestudents,whatcausestheirmultitasking?

A.Overcommittedschedules

B.Toomuchtimealone

C.Inabilitytofocus

D.Fearofbeingneglected

9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

A.Humanshavebeguntoengageinthemultitaskingbehaviorssincetheinformationage。

B.Multitaskingisacriticalskillthatstudentsarerequiredtolearnatschool。

C.Onlyparentscanhelptheirkidstogetridofthemultitaskinghabits。

D.multitaskingmaypreparestudentsfortherealityoftoday’sfast-pacesworkenvironment。

10.Whatdoeducatorsandpsychologistadviseparentstodotheirmultitaskingkids?

A.Tocutoffhomeinternetconnection。

B.Toseekmedicaltreatment。

C.Toencouragetheirkidstohavesomesociallife。

D.tohelptheirkidstosetpersonalgoals

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

ThenuclearpoweremergencyataJapaneseatomicpowerplantlastMarchcouldleadtoamajorre-examinationinEuropeancountriesthatarealreadybuildingsuchplantsorareconsideringashiftfromfossil（化石）fuelstonuclearenergytofightclimatechange.Withtheterribleaccident25yearsagoinChernobyl（切尔诺贝利）beginningtofadeinEuropeanMemories,governmentsacrossEuropehavegrownmoreopentousingmorenuclearpower.EnthusiasmfornuclearpowerisparticularlystronginEasternEurope,whichwantstomoveawayfromdependenceonRussianoilandnaturalgas,andonheavilypollutingcoal-firedpowerplants.Easterngovernmentshavebegunimprovingexistingnuclearplantsorarebuildingorplanningnewones.ButasJapanstruggledtodealwithhernuclearcrises,discussionaboutthegoodandthebadofnuclearpowerbecameheated。

（80）InGermany,nuclearpowerhasbeenarepeatedlyarguedandwidelyfeltissuefordecades。

Upto70percentofGermansopposenuclearpower.Recentlyabout40,000peopleturnedouttoformahumanchainnearanuclearplanttoprotestgovernmentpoliciesonnuclearpower.“TheaccidentinJapancouldleadtoamajorrethinkinEurope,”saidHenrikPaulitzoftheInternationalDoctorsforthePreventionofNuclearWar.“Governmentshavenotbeenquiteopenaboutthesafetylevelsofthenuclearpowerplants。

”

Chancellor（总理）AngelaMerkelheadsacenter-rightunitygovernmentthatsupportstheuseofnuclearpower.Hergovernmentrecentlymadeadisputeddecisiontoextendthelifeofthecountry’s17nuclearpowerplantsbyanaverageof12years.Shewillnowfacemorepressurethechangethatpolicy.Shecalledanemergencymeetingwithherseniorministers.“Weknow

howsafeourplantsareandthatwedonotfaceathreatfromsuchaseriousearthquakeorviolenttidalwave,”Mrs.Merkelsaidafterthemeeting.“WewilllearnwhatwecanfromtheeventsinJapan。

”

11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutEuropeisTRUE?

A.ItisdependentonRussiaforgasandoil。

B.Ithasputanendtofossilfuels。

C.Ithadamajornuclearaccidentthisyear。

D.Itislikelythattheywouldrethinktheirnuclearpowerpolicies。

12.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingstatementsaboutEasternEuropearetrueEXCEPT_______。

A.theyareeagertobuildnewnuclearpowerplants

B.theyhavetotallyforgottentheChernobylaccident25yearsago

C.theyhaveimprovedtheirnuclearpowerplants

D.theywantenergyindependence

13.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthormainlydiscusses_______。

A.thenuclearaccidentsinJapanlastMarch

B.nuclearpowerpoliciesinGermany

C.Germanattitudetowardsnuclearpower

D.thesafe