江苏省镇江第一中学高考英语高中英语阅读理解专题复习专题训练.docx

江苏省镇江第一中学高考英语高中英语阅读理解专题复习专题训练.docx

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江苏省镇江第一中学高考英语高中英语阅读理解专题复习专题训练

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed（称赞）therobotsthat"couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines."Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?

   Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon'tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate（赋予…生命）dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.

   Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today'srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate"adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat."Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?

Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?

   Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures"say"orsqueak,theydon'tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.

   Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots'behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whentherobotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon'tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem（自尊）.Inonestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.

   Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat"feel."

（1）HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?

A. Theyareintendedtoteachchildrenhowtotalk.

B. Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.

C. Theirmainfunctionistoevaluatechildren'spersonality.

D. Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.

（2）InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialrobots______.

A. aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeings

B. areunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildren

C. aresoadvancedthattheycanfeelthepainofhumanbeings

D. arenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildren

（3）Theunderlinedphrase"essentialequipment"inParagraph4refersto______.

A. emotion                                

B. pain                                

C. fear                                

D. thinking

（4）Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

I:

Introduction   P:

Point   Sp:

Sub-point（次要点） C:

Conclusion

A. 

                                             B. 

C. 

D. 

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。

时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。

但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore. ”可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能；再根据第一段中的“Timemagazinehailed（称赞）therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。

本段的中心是“Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.”与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的；再根据第三段中的“Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?

”你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？

可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。

社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。

这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。

所以划线单词词意为情感。

故选A。

（4）考查篇章结构。

分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：

社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。

第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。

最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。

所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和篇章结构三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   BritishMuseumVisitorRegulations

   Openinghours

   WeopentheMuseum'sgalleriesdailyfrom10：

00amuntil17：

30pm.Wekeepselectedgalleriesopenuntil20：

30pmonFridays.

   TheMuseum'sGreatCourtisopenfrom9:

00amuntil18:

00pm;exceptonFridayswhenitremainsopenuntil20:

30pm.

   Youmaybeaskedbyyourstafftobeginleavinguptotenminutesbeforeclosingtime.

   TheMuseumisclosed24-26Decemberand1January.

   Admission

   WewarmlywelcomeyouonyourvisittotheMuseum.Intheinterestsofthesecurityofallofourvisitorswerequireyoufollowtheseregulations.

   AdmissiontotheMuseumisfree,butwemaychargeforentrytosometemporaryexhibitionsandevents.

   Foodanddrink

   Youaren'tallowedtoconsumefoodanddrinkinsidetheMuseum,exceptinplacessuchastherestaurantandcafesortheforecourt.FamilieswithchildrenmayusetheFordCentreforyoungvisitorsinthebasementoftheMuseum'sGreatCourtatweekendsandduringschoolholidays.

   Animals

   Ifyouhaveadisability,youmaybeaccompaniedintheMuseumbyyourguide,assistantorcompanionanimal.Youaren'tallowedtobringanimalsintotheMuseumunderanyothercircumstance.

   Film,photographyandaudiorecording

   Excepttheplacethatareindicatedbynotices,you'repermittedtousehand-heldcameras（includingmobilephones）withflashbulbsorflashunits,andaudioandfilmrecordingequipmentnotrequiringastand.Youmayuseyourphotographs,filmandaudiorecordingsonlyforyourownprivateandnon-commercialpurposes.

（1）WhencanvisitorsvisittheMuseum?

A. At18:

30pmonweekends.                              

B. At14:

00amonChristmasDay.

C. At19:

00pmonFridays.                                    D. At11:

00amonNewYear'sDay.

（2）Whoaretheregulationsmainlyintendedfor?

A. Thevisitors.                    

B. Thestaff.                    

C. Theparents.                    

D. Thechildren.

（3）WhatcanvisitorsdointheMuseum?

A. Eatanddrinkastheylike.                               

B. Takealongtheirpetdogs.

C. Recordfilmsforsale.                                        

D. Takephotosforpersonalpurpose.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了大英博物馆的游客守则。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Openinghours部分中的“TheMuseum'sGreatCourtisopenfrom9:

00amuntil18:

00pm;exceptonFridayswhenitremainsopenuntil20:

30pm.”及“TheMuseumisclosed24-26Decemberand1January.”可知，大英博物馆从上午9点开放到下午18点，周五开放到晚上20:

30，12月24日至26日圣诞节期间和1月1日新年是闭馆的，由此可知，你可以在星期五晚上19:

00去参观，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

纵观全文，以及标题“BritishMuseumVisitorRegulations”可知，本文介绍的是大英博物馆的游客守则，自然是针对游客的，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据Film,photographyandaudiorecording部分中的“Youmayuseyourphotographs,filmandaudiorecordingsonlyforyourownprivateandnon-commercialpurposes.”可知，大英博物馆里允许游客出于个人目的或非商业目的拍照，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   At23Iappliedforfull-timepositionswithnointentionofworkingfivedaysaweek.Asahousewife,Ihadtwopre-schoolchildrenthenbutwantedtoworkthreedaysaweek.

   Thiswasahugedealforme.Ineededtowork,butalsowantedtospendtimewithmychildrenwhiletheywereyoung.Ididn'twanttomissoutonschooldrop-offsandpick-ups.ButIalsodidn'twanttomissoutontheopportunityofpromotion.

   Beforetheinterviews,IpreparedaplanofhowIwasgoingtomakethisworkformeandtheemployer.Isawitasatwo-wayagreement—thebusinessadaptingtomeandmeadaptingtothebusiness.

   FinallyIbecameamemberofEYat33.EYwastheonlyfirmthatseemedreceptivetomyplan;infact,wespenttimeduringthatfirstinterviewtalkingabouthowwecouldmakeitworktogether.Mostimportantly,thepersoninterviewingmeworkedflexiblytoo—fourdaysaweek.

   IappreciatedthatI'moneoftheluckyones.Even10yearson,flexiblehiringandworkingremainstheexceptionratherthantheruleformost.

   Whatwillhelpshiftviewsandbehavior,inadditiontoorganizationsupdatingtheirhiringpolicies,istalkingmoreopenlyabouthowmostofusorganizeourdayaroundourresponsibilities.Weallhavealifeoutsideofworkandweshouldn'tbeembarras