高三上学期一模英语试题 含答案.docx

高三上学期一模英语试题 含答案.docx

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高三上学期一模英语试题含答案

2021-2022年高三上学期一模英语试题含答案

II.GrammarandVocabulary（26分）

SectionA

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

 （A）

Differentformsofhospitality（好客）

IamaBritishwomansocialanthropologist（人类学家）.IoncespentayearinMoldova,inEasternEurope,（25）______（study）everydaylifeinthecountry.IstayedwithaMoldovanfamilytoseefromtheinsidehowpeoplemanagedtheirlives.Ihadawonderfultimeandmademanynewfriends.WhatIobservedisofcoursebasedonmyownexperienceataparticularplaceandtime.

Ioftenfound（26）_______surprisinglydifficulttoseelifetherethroughtheeyesofaMoldovan.Thiswas（27）______thepeopleImetwereextremelyhospitableandIwastreatedasanhonouredguestatalltimes.Asmyhosts,theywantedmetoenjoymyself,andnottoget（28）______（involve）inshopping,cooking,orotherdomesticjobs.MostmorningsIwasencouragedtogoouttoexplorethecity,orcarryoutmyresearch,andIreturnedlatertofindthatmyelderlylandladyandhersisterhadtravelledacrossthecityonbusestothecentralmarket（29）________（bring）backheavyloadsofpotatoes,awholelamb,orotherlargequantitiesofproducts.

Iwasofteninvitedtopeople’shomes,andwasalwaysofferedfoodonentering.MostoftheadultsImetenjoyedinvitingfriends,family,neighbours,colleaguesandevenstrangersintotheirhomes,（30）______theytreatedthemtofood,drink,andalivelyhospitableatmosphere.Hostshurriedtoserveguestsaswellandasquicklyaspossible.（31）______ahouseholdwasexpectingguest,largeamountsoffoodwerepreparedinadvance,usuallybythewomen.Winehadalreadybeenmade,generallybythemen,（32）______werealsoresponsibleforpouringit.Unexpectedvisitorswerestillofferedasmuchfoodanddrinkasthehousehold（33）______provideinthecircumstances.

（B）

HowEnglishfamilylifehasevolvedsincetheeighteenthcentury

ThemajorityofEnglishfamiliesofthepre-industrialage,roughlyuntilthemid-eighteencentury,livedinarurallocation.Manyofthemownedorhadtheuseofasmallpieceofland,andactuallyallfamilymemberswerebusywithagriculturalworkinoneformoranother,usually（34）_______（grow）foodfortheirownconsumptionandsometimesalsoproducingfoodorothergoodsforsale.

Thelabourwascontrolledbythehusband,（35）___________hiswifeandchildren,too,hadaneconomicvalueastheircontributionstothefamilyinewerelikelytomakethedifferencebetweenstarvationandsurvival.

Childrenworkedfromanearlyage,girlshelpingtheirmothers,andboystheirfathers.Schoolwasanoccasionalfactorintheirlives.Instead,childrenlearnedbydoing（36）_______theirparentsshowedthem.Knowledgeofcaring（37）______animals,sewingwashandeddownfromparenttochild.

Also,mostpeopleengagedinhandicraftproductioninthehome,andthefamily（38）______（pay）toworkwithcloth,woodorleather.Ingeneral,thisworkcouldbeputasideandtakenupagainwhentherewasabreaksuchasagriculturalwork.

Theprocessofindustrializationinthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandduringthenineteenthtransformedlifeforthemajorityofthepopulation.Itwastheuseofsteamtopowermachinery（39）______requiredlargebuildings,anditresultedintheconstructionofnumerousfactoriesinmanytownsandcities.Theseinturn（40）_______（encourage）migrationfromthecountrysideinsearchofwork.Ifelectricityhadprecededsteam,domesticindustrymighthavesurvivedmorefully.

SectionB

Directions:

pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.mentB.plexC.depressionD.expectE.equivalent

F.holdsG.mappedH.remendedI.handleJ.notedK.severe

Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity（长寿）boostseemstoefrommarriageora（n）____relationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858___byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidows（寡妇）andwidowers wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffect____forallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.

　　Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethanpensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecan___tolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’sa flipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobeeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesame___problems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.

　　Sohowdoesitwork?

Theeffectsareplex,46____bysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological（生理的）mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceof_47__laterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmay__48__stressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.

　　Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareall__49_ifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeing_____out,butChristakissays:

“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”

III.Readingprehension（47分）

SectionA

Directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Whoneedssleep?

It’s2a.m.Thetimewhenyoushouldbeinbeds,soundasleep.ButpullbackthecurtainsandyoumightbesurprisedbythenumberoflightsoninyourstreetNight-timeis___51___justforsleeping.Ithasbeethenewdaytime,offeringusthechancetocatchuponeverythingwedidn’tmanagetofinishduringwhatusedtobeour___52____hours.Now,___53___sleeping,wecancheckourbankbalancesbyphone,buygroceries,surfthenetforcheapflightsorgotothegym.

Suchflexibility,____54___,hasaprice.Ourbodiesarerunbycircadianrhythms（昼夜节律）,aprehistoricinternalclockthatregulateswhenwefeelsleepyorawakeandaffectsourbodytemperatureandlevelofalertness.Itmakesourbrainsandbodies___55___duringthedayandallowsthemtorecoverthroughthenight.Sopowerfulisthisclockthateventwoweeksonanightshiftwithoutbreakwillnot___56___itsrhythm,andwhenscientistskeephumanvolunteersinisolation,withoutanyindicationofwhattimeitisintheday,theystillshowdailycyclesoftemperaturechanges,sleepandwakefulness,andhormonerelease.But,___57___workingagainstourbody’snaturalrhythmislikelytocauseourselvesbothphysicalandpsychologicaldamage.Researchalsoshowsitmayactually___58___ourriskofhealthproblemssuchasstomachdiseases.

ConsultantTomMackeybelievesthatournormalcircadianrhythmsareincreasinglybeingpletely____59__.“Moreandmoreofusarebeingpressuredintodoingthingsatoddhours.Thisisgoingtohavea（n）___60___impactonqualityandlengthofsleep.Ifpeopledon’tgotobedatareasonabletime,sayaround11p.m.,andhavebetweensixandeighthoursofsleep,theywillbeunabletoconcentrate.Youneedsleepforrestand___61____.Ifyoustuffyourmindwithinformationfortoolong,theneverythinggetsdisorganized---youbee__62____tomanagedaytimeactivities.”

Thecircadianrhythmsthatrunthesleep/wakecycleareasoldas___63____itself.Ourprehistoricancestorswouldhaveneededtheirbiologicalclocktogetthemouthuntingduringthedayandprobablyinbedaroundnightfalltoavoidintruders.Ournightvisionisnotasfastasthatofnocturnal（夜间活动的）animals---ournaturalrhythmwastosleepasthesunwentdown.Theinventionoftheelectriclightobviously____64___that.Likemostbiologicalsystems,circadianrhythmsarenotmadeto____65___.Ourinternalclockrunsabitlongerthan24hours,henceitsLatinname,circadian,whichmeans“aboutaday.”

51.A.byallmeansB.onearthC.innotimeD.tothisday

52.A.sleepingB.wakingC.businessD.rush

53.A.intermsofB.regardlessofC.asaresultofD.insteadof

54.A.furthermoreB.otherwiseC.howeverD.somewhat

55.A.activeB.relaxingC.tiringD.conscious

56.A.formB.destroyC.improveD.recover

57.A.EfficientlyB.ProudlyC.ContinuallyD.Independently

58.A.minimizeB.assessC.avoidD.increase

59.A.brokenB.enhancedC.emphasizedD.misunderstood

60.A.effectiveB.negativeC.directD.reliable

61.A.reservationB.resettingC.repairD.replacement

62.A.boredB.willingC.likelyD.unable

63.A.evolutionB.clockC.mysteryD.hunting

64.A.improvedB.changedC.speededD.followed

65.A.measureB.reverseC.regulateD.discover

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheo