中考英语语法之状语从句讲解及练习.docx

中考英语语法之状语从句讲解及练习.docx

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中考英语语法之状语从句讲解及练习

专题五状语从句

概念：

状语从句在句中作状语

分为：

时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式。

一、时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连词有：

when,as,while,until,not…until,before,after,since,theminute,themoment,each（every,next,thefirst）time等。

时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。

1．when,while,as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。

1）When

Eg:

WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.

注意：

when从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。

Eg:

When（shewas）walkingalongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.

2）As

As除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着”

Eg:

Hesangashedanced.（一面```一面）

Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.（随着）

3）While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。

Eg:

Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.

While（theywere）havingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.

注意：

while还有“然而”的意思。

eg:

Ipreferblacktea,whilehelikescoffee.

2．until,not…until“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。

肯定句：

Iwaiteduntilmidnight.

否定句：

Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.

注意：

1）notuntil…在句首，主句用倒装

eg:

NotuntilyouhadexplainedhowdidImanagetodoit.

2）Itisnotuntil…that…引导的强调句

Itwasnotuntilitwasdarkthathecameback.

3.theminute,themoment,eachtime表示“一```就```”

eg:

Theworkerrecognizedthetypeofthemachinethemomenthesawit.

4.hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonas

表示为“一```就```”

eg:

Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.

Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.

ItbegantorainassoonasIgothome.

注意：

hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than位于句首，主句用倒装

eg:

HadIhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.

NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.

5.Bythetime+状从（过去时），主句（过去完成时）

Bythetime+状从（现在时），主句（将来完成时）

Bythetimeshecameback,alltheguesthadleft.

Bythetimetheclassisover,wewillhavefinishedlearningthewholepassage.

练习题

1.Itwasquiet________thosebigtrucksstartedcomingthroughthetown.

A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.unless 

2.Itseemedonlyseconds________theboyfinishedwashinghisface.

A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.evenif

3.Hardlyhadhereachedtheschoolgate________thebellrang.

A.whileB.whenC.asD.assoonas 

4.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_____wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.

A.whenever   B.until  C.while   D.wherever

5.Irecognizedyou________Isawyouattheairport.

A.themomentB.whileC.afterD.once 

6.Hewasabouttogotobed________thedoorbellrang.

A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when

7.________Ilistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.

A.EverytimeB.WhenC.WhileD.Until

8._____JohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.

A.AsB.AssoonasC.WhileD.Till

9.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard（果园）______theysawtheguard.

A.themomentB.afterC.beforeD.as

10.NosoonerhadIarrivedhome_____itbegantorain.

A.whenB.whileC.asD.than

11.Severalweekshadgoneby_____Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing.

A.as  B.before  C.since   D.when

12.It_____longbeforewe____theresultoftheexperiment.

A.willnotbe;willknow   B.is;willknow   C.willnotbe;know D.is;know

13.–Whatwasthepartylike?

  --Wonderful. It’syears_____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.

A.after  B.before  C.when  D.since

14.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe_____.

A.willarrive B.arrives  C.isgoingtoarrive  D.isarriving

15._____gotintotheroom_____thetelephonerang.

A.Hehardlyhad;then  B.Hardlyhadhe;when  

C.Hehadnot;then  D.Nothadhe;when

二.条件状语从句

1.概念：

条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。

2..条件状语从句的引导词

1）.If

Ifyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou．

Ifyoufailintheexam，youwilllethimdown．

2）.unless（if...not...）

Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.

Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.

3）.so/aslongas

Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.

4）provided/providing（that）,onconditionthat

Ishallgiveyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnittomorrow.

Iwillgoprovidedthatyougotoo.

3．关于条件句的时态，常见的有以下三种情况：

1、主将从现

WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.

2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。

Ifyouwanttohaveachat,callmeup.

3、如果主句是含有情态动词时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。

Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom.

练习题

1.Ifyou_____totheparty,you’llhaveagreattime.

A.willgo B.went C.go  D.going

2.Itwillbealongtime____Peter_____hiswork.

A.since,hasfinished  B.after,finishes  C.when,willfinish  D.before,finishes.

3.Whatwillfatherbringus,______hecomesfromChina.

A.if B.when  C.aslongas  D.untill

4.IfWangFang____________me,_________meatonce.

A.need,tellB.needs,tellingC.need,tellingD.needs,tell

5．I____hertheanswerifshe____me.

A.cantell,willask  B.willtell,willask C.wouldtell,ask  D.willtell,asks

6.–Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

 --We’llgotothelibrarytomorrowifit___.

A.isn’train B.rain  C.won’train D.doesn’train

7.—Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomorrow?

--Sorry,Idon’tknow.Whenhe____back,I’lltellyou.

A.comes B.willcome  C.come  D.maycome

8.Whatwillyoudoifyou_____totheoldfolk’shomevisit?

A.go  B.went  C.going  D.willgo

9.___________Ieatmuchfood,I’llbeveryfat.

A.Although  B.if  C.while D.because

10.I’llnotgivethebooktohim________hewillcomeherenextSunday.

A.if  B.aslongas  C.though   D.unless

11.There____anEnglishfilminourschooltomorrow.

A.isgoingtohave B.willhave  C.isgoingtobe  D.has

12.Couldyoutelluswhere____？

A.willthenextOlympicGamesheld B.thenextOlympicGameswillbeheld

C.wouldthenextOlympicGamesbeheldD.thenextOlympicGameswouldbeheld

13.Whenmymotherreturnedlastnight,I____ abook.

A.read  B.amreading  C.wasreading D.amgoingtoread

14.What____you____whenitbegantorain?

A.do,do B.were,doing C.are,doing D.did,do

15.I’llwakeyouupwhenhe____back.

A.will  B.isgoingtocome  C.comes   D.come

三．让步状语从句

1.概念：

一般翻译为“尽管……即使……”就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。

2.引导让步状语从句的连词有：

though,although,evenif/though,however,nomatterhow,nomatterwhat,nomatterwho等。

（1）though,although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。

这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用，都可与yet,still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。

Although/Thoughhewaswornout,（still）hekeptonworking.

Although/Thoughheisveryold,（yet）heisquitestrong.

　　注意：

though引导的让步状语从句还可位于主句主句之后。

　　Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.

（2）as表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。

　　as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。

Objectas/thoughyoumay,I’llgo.

（=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,I’llgo.）

　　Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.（=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.）

　　Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.（=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.）

（3）evenif,eventhough表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意。

　　意思基本相同,常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。

evenif引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而eventhough引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的。

We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.

Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.

（=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.）

Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.

（=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.）

（4）whether...or...表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。

　　You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.

　　Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.

（5）“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”为“……都……；不管……都……”，

　　Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.（=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.）

Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.（=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.

注意：

“nomatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。

Whatever（=Nomatterwhat）yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.

I'lleatwhatever（≠nomatterwhat）yougiveme.

练习题

1Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit____theseason.

AwhateverBwhereverCwheneverDhowever

2Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,____theyknewittobevaluable.

AasifBnowthatCeventhoughDsothat

3____Ireallydon'tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.

AAsBSinceCIf DWhile

4____hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.

ASinceBUnlessCAsDAlthough

5____Ihavesomesympathyforthem,Idon'tthinktheyarerighttodoso.

AAsBIfCWhileDWhen

6____theCustomsOffice,hewillhavetodeclarethissortofthingshecarrieswithhimtotheCustomsOfficer.

ANomatterwhowillcomethroughBwhocomethrough

CNomatterwhomcomesthroughDWhoevercomesthrough

7Whatatightvolleyballgame!

Welostit____wealltriedourbest.

AbecauseBthoughCuntilDunless

8Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I'llbuyit,____.

AhowmuchmayitcostBnomatterhowitmaycost

ChowevermuchitmaycostDhowmayitcost

9Allpeople,____theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.

AevenifBwhetherCnomatterDhowever

10Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,____theyaredifferentfromyourown.

AuntilBevenifCunlessDasthough

11____wellpreparedyouare,you stillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.

AHoweverBWhateverCNomatterDAlthough

12____hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.

AWhateverBWheneverCWhereverDHowever

13____theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.

AIfBWhileCBecauseDAs

14____youdecidetospendyourholidays,onethingiscertain,youwillgettoyourdestination,freshandsafe.

AWhateverBWhoeverCWhereverDWhichever

15____,Icouldnotmemorizethetext.

 AHoweverharddidItryBHoweverhadItried