届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破历史地理与语言学习.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项突破历史地理与语言学习
历史、地理与语言学习
一、阅读理解
1. Whentheseventeenth-centurysettlersbroughttheEnglishlanguagetoAmerica,theyimmediatelyandnecessarilybegantoadaptittotheirnewenvironment.ThesechangeswereclearearlyandcriticizedbysomepeopleonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.However,aftertheRevolution,AmericansbegantobeproudoftheirownformofEnglish.NoahWebsterwasthemajorearlysupporterofAmericanmeaningsandspellingsoverBritishonesandpublishedtheearliestAmericandictionary,AnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.DuringtheyearssinceWebster,languagedifferenceshavecontinuedtodevelop,provingthetruthofGeorgeBernardShaw’soften-repeatedwordsthatthetwonationsare“dividedbyacommonlanguage”.
LiketheAmericanlanguage,theearliestAmericanliteraturecopiedEnglishmodels.However,aftertheRevolutionandtheWarof1812,writersbegantocreateaclearAmericanliterature.However,in1820,SydneySmithaskedthefamousquestion“WhoreadsanAmericanbook?
”
Answeringtothisandsimilartaunts（讽刺）withcreativeanger,AmericanwriterssoonproducedworksthatplentyofBritishpeopleread.WorksbyWashing-tonIrving,WaltWhitman,andMarkTwainhadbeenacclaimedgreatlyinBritainbytheendofthenineteenthcentury.
EvenasAmericanwritersgotrespectinBritain,BritishwriterscontinuedtohavegreatinfluenceinAmerica.CharlesDickenswenttoAmericatwice,in1842and1867-68.OthermajorBritishwriterswhotraveledandlivedintheUnitedStatesincludeD.H.LawrenceandAldousHuxley.Britishbestworkscontinuetobewidelyread.TheworksofWilliamShakespeareandJaneAustenbecamepopularfilms.
Attheturnofthetwenty-firstcentury,manybooksandwriterscontinuetocrosstheAtlanticinbothdirections—madepossiblebytheproudheritage（继承）ofthesharedlanguage.
1.Theauthorofthispassageseemstothink______.
A.BritishEnglishisbetterthanAmericanEnglish
B.AmericanEnglishisbetterthanBritishEnglish
C.thesamelanguagehasdividedthetwonations
D.thesamelanguagehasconnectedthetwonations
2.FromthequestionaskedbySydneySmith,wecaninfer______.
A.theBritishhadtotranslateAmericanbooksintoEnglishones
B.theBritishfoundAmericanbooksdifficulttounderstand
C.theBritishthoughthighlyofbookswrittenbyAmericans
D.theBritishlookeddownuponAmericanbooksatfirst
3.Theunderlinedword“acclaimed”inParagraph3probablymeans“______”.
A.sold
B.discussed
C.welcomed
D.refused
4.WhatmadeitpossibleforbooksandwriterstocrosstheAtlanticinbothdirections?
A.TheWarof1812.
B.TheAmericanRevolution.
C.Thelanguagedifferences.
D.Thecommonlanguage.
2 Irelandhashadaverydifficulthistory.Theproblemsstartedinthe16thcenturywhenEnglishrulerstriedtoconquer（征服）Ireland.Forhundredsofyears,theIrishpeoplefoughtagainsttheEnglish.Finally,in1921,theBritishgovernmentwasforcedtogiveindependencetothesouthofIreland.Theresultisthattodaytherearetwo“Irelands”.NorthernIreland,inthenorth,ispartoftheUnitedKingdom.TheRepublicofIreland,inthesouth,isanindependentcountry.
Inthe1840sthemaincrop,potatoes,wasaffectedbydiseaseandabout750,000peoplediedofhunger.This,andashortage（短缺）ofwork,forcedmanypeopletoleaveIrelandandliveintheUSA,theUK,AustraliaandCanada.Asaresultoftheseproblems,thepopulationfellfrom8.2millionin1841to6.6millionin1851.
Formanyyears,themajorityofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.Today,manypeoplestillworkonthelandbutmoreandmorepeoplearemovingtothecitiestoworkinfactoriesandoffices.Lifeinthecitiesisverydifferentfromlifeinthecountryside,wherethingsmoveataquieterandslowerpace.
TheIrisharefamousforbeingwarm-heartedandfriendly,OscarWilde,afamousIrishwriter,oncesaidthattheIrishwere“thegreatesttalkerssincetheGreeks”,Sinceindependence,Irelandhasrevived（复兴）itsowncultureofmusic,language,literatureandsinging.DifferentareashavedifferentstylesofoldIrishsongswhicharesungwithoutinstruments.OtherkindsofIrishmusicusemanydifferentinstrumentssuchastheviolin,whistles,etc.
1.Whatdoestheauthortellusinparagraph1?
A.HowtheIrishfoughtagainsttheEnglish.
B.HowIrelandgainedindependence.
C.HowEnglishrulerstriedtoconquerIreland.
D.Howtwo"Irelands"cameintobeing.
2.WelearnfromthetextthatinIreland_____.
A.foodshortagesinthe1840sledtoadeclineinpopulation
B.peoplearemovingtothecitiesforlackofworkinthecountryside
C.itishardertomakealivingasafarmerthanasafactoryworker
D.differentkindsofoldIrishsongsareallsungwithinstruments
3.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout____.
A.theIrishcharacter
B.Irishculture
C.Irishmusicalinstruments
D.afamousIrishwriter
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.LifeinIreland
B.AVeryDifficultHistory
C.Ireland,PastandPresent
D.TheIndependenceofIreland
3. Americancultureisuniquebecauseitisformedanddevelopedundercertainconditions.Themajorfactorscontributingtothemakingofthisflewnationandtheformingofanewculturearethehardenvironment,ethnicdiversity（多民族）andpluralreligion,whichisquitedifferentfromothernationsintheworld.Whatismore,theseelementsarestillinfluencingtheAmericanculture.
TheearlyimmigrantswhowereEnglishPuritanssettleddowninnortheastpartofAmerica.From1607to1892,frontierswerepushedfurtherwest.Thefrontiersmenlookedforalandofrichresourcesandalandofpromise,opportunityandfreedom.Actuallytheylookedforabetterlife.Soindividualism（个人主义）,self-reliance,andequalityofopportunityhaveperhapsbeenthevaluesmostcloselyassociatedwiththefrontierheritage（遗产）ofAmerica.
Inhistory,peoplefromdifferentcountriesintheworldrushedtoAmericathreetimes.TheybroughttheirownculturetoAmericaandlateron,differentculturesweremixedtogether.ThustheuniqueAmericancultureisformed,acommonculturallifewithcommonlysharedvalues.
ThefundamentalAmericanbeliefinindividualfreedomandthefightofindividualstopracticetheirownreligionisatthecenterofreligiousexperienceintheUnitedStates.Thegreatdiversityofethnicbackgroundshasproducedreligiouspluralism;almostallofthereligionsoftheworldarenowpracticedintheUnitedStates.
Nowadays,wecanseethecontinualinfluenceofthethreeelementsinthecurrentAmericansociety.Americanfamilyistypicallyparentsandtheirunmarriedchildren.Middle-agedandelderlypeoplegenerallydonotlivewiththeirmarriedchildren.ThepeopleinAmericahaveaverystrongdesiretostartanewlifeinanewplace.Quiteanumberofpeoplechangeresidenceseveryyear.TheaverageAmericanmovesfourteentimesinhislifetime.
1.Wecanlearnfromthisarticlethat________.
A.thefrontiersmenleftimportantsocietyvaluesforAmericanculture
B.theearlyimmigrantsbroughtabouttheuniqueAmericanculture
C.peopleintheworldoncerushedtoAmericabecauseofitsuniqueculture
D.theAmericanfamilymembersdon’tgetalongwellwitheachother
2.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericanculture?
A.Heiscriticalofit.
B.Headmiresitverymuch.
C.Hejuststatesthefacts.
D.Helooksdownuponit.
3.Thelastparagraphisabout________.
A.thefamilystructureinAmericansociety
B.theinfluenceofthethreeelementsinthecurrentAmericansociety
C.thenewlifestyleofAmericanfamily
D.thereasonwhyAmericanpeopleliketochangeresidences
4.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleofthisarticle?
A.TheImmigrantsinAmerica
B.WhyAmericanCultureisUnique
C.TheInfluenceofAmericanCulture
D.PluralReligionandAmericanCulture
4. Unlikemostotherholidays,thehistoryofAprilFools’Day,sometimescalledAllFools’Day,isnottotallyclear.Theonlypointintimethatcanbeagreedonasthebeginningofthistraditionwas1582,inFrance.Beforethatyear,theNewYearwascelebratedforeightdays,beginningonMarch25.ThecelebrationreachedthehighestpointonApril1.WiththereformofthecalendarunderCharlesIX,theGregoriancalendar（公历,阳历）wasintroduced,andNewYear’sDaywasmovedtoJanuary1.
However,becauseinthosedayscommunicationswerenotasdevelopedastheyaretoday,manypeopledidnotreceivethenewsforseveralyears.SomepeoplerefusedtoacceptthenewcalendarandcontinuedtocelebratetheNewYearonApril1.Thesebackward peoplewereconsidered“fools”byotherpeople.They wereoftensenton“fools”errands（徒劳无益的工作） orweremadethetargetsofjokes.
Thisdeveloped,overtime,intoatraditionofplayingatrickonsomeoneonthefirstdayofApril.ThetraditioneventuallyspreadtoEnglandandScotlandintheeighteenthcentury.ItwaslaterintroducedtotheAmericancoloniesofboththeBritainandFrance.AprilFools’Daythusdevelopedintoaninternationalfunfeast,sotospeak,withdifferentnationalitiesspecializingintheirownkindofhumorattheexpenseoftheirfriendsandfamilies.
1.Accordingtoanearliercalendar,NewYear’sDayinFrancewas________.
A.March25
B.January1
C.April1
D.April3
2.WhichofthefollowingfirsthadthetraditionofcelebratingtheAprilFools’Day?
A.France.
B.England.
C.Scotland.
D.America.
3.Whatwaspeople’sattitudetowardsthenewcalendar?
A.Theyacceptedithappily.
B.Theyrefuseditimmediately.
C.Somerecognizedit.
D.Somelaughedatit.
4.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.
A.whattheFrenchdidonAprilFools’Day
B.howAprilFools’Daycameintobeing
C.whenwasthenewcalendarintroduced
D.whysome
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