届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythe science of the stars单元学案26页word解析版.docx
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届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元学案26页word解析版
2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy:
thescienceofthestars单元学案
一单元基础知识链接
一、分层单词
写作词汇
1. prep.与……不同;不像
2. adv.因此,于是
3. adj.温和的;文雅的
4. n.气候
阅读词汇
1.astronomyn.
2.systemn.
3.globen.
4.atmospheren.
5.fundamentaladj.
6.chainn.
7.multiplyvt.&vi.
8.gravityn.
9.satelliten.
10.physicistn.
11.crashvi.&vt.
12.spaceshipn.
13.pulln.&vt.
14.floatvi.&vt.&n.
15.oxygenn.
拓展词汇
1. adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→ n.暴力→ adv.暴力地;猛烈地
2. adj.有害的→ n.&v.伤害→
adj.无害的
3. vi.存在;生存→ n.存在;生存
4. vi.&vt.(使)迷惑;(使)为难n.谜;难题→ adj.迷惑不解的→ adj.令人迷惑的
5. n.生物学→ n.生物学家
二、高频短语
1. 及时;终于
2. 熟悉;掌握;理解
3. 产生;分娩
4. 轮到某人
5. 阻止;制止
6. 感到高兴;感到振奋
7. 既然
8. 突发;爆发
9. 密切注意;当心;提防
10. 挡住(光线)
三、经典句型
1.Thisproducedachainreaction,which (使生命的发展成为可能).
2. (很多科学家所相信的是)thecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
3.LastmonthI (我足够有幸有机会)tomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.
4.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwill (不像地球的引力那么大).
5.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarried (地球上的两倍远)andfellover.
6....walkingdoesneedabitofpractice (既然重力改变了).
基础知识运用篇
一、语境词汇运用
(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)
1.Worsestill,beingaddictedtocellphonesmightalsoleadtoteenagers’poorperformanceatschool, (因此)addingtotheirelders’worries.
2.Thefinalofthematchwasgoingoninanexciting (气氛)andwonheartyapplauseattimes.
3.She (拉;拖)himgentlytowardsherjustnow.
4.Some (基本的)mistakesarenotallowedtomakewhenyouaredoingthework.
5.Asweknow,theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerduetotheglobal (气候)change.
6. (不像)mostpeopleintheofficewhocometoworkbycar,Iusuallycometoworkbybus.
7.WhentheChinesewomenvolleyballteamturnedup,allthefans (感到振奋).
8.PleasetellmewhenMr.SmithisarrivingatthetrainstationsothatIcanpickhimup (及时).
9.Oncehehasmadeuphismind,noonecan him (阻止)carryingouttheplan.
10.Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefireinthesupermarket,which (突发;爆发)attenthismorning.
11.You’vemademesufferinthepast,sonowyou, (轮到你),sufferagain!
12.Shemarriedat17and (分娩)herfirstchildshortlyafter.
13.Sheboughtaheavycurtainto (挡住)thelight.
(二)单句填空
1.Heoftensaysthathedoesn’tbelieveinany (religious)andonlybelievesinhimself.
2.Thefactorygivesoff gases.Theymaydo toourhealth.(harm)
3.Doyoubelievethe ofghosts?
Perhapstheyonly inthemindsofsomepeople.(exist)
4.The lookonherfacesuggestedshewas aboutthe mathproblem.(puzzle)
5.Therobbershitthem .Theycouldn’tbearitanymoresotheydecidedtoanswer with andbegantheir fightback.(violent)
二、经典句型仿写
1.了解唐朝的历史会使你更容易理解唐诗。
(形式宾语it)(2017课标全国Ⅰ书面表达)
KnowingthehistoryoftheTangDynasty Tangpoems.
2.请给予他们鼓励,让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。
(as+adj.+a/an+n.+as)
Pleasegivethemencouragement youdo.
3.新图书馆是旧图书馆的4倍大。
(倍数+as...as...)
Thenewlibraryis theoldone.
4.既然大家都到齐了,我们可以开始开会了。
(nowthat)
,wecanbeginthemeeting.
答案精解精析
基础知识默写篇
一、分层单词
写作词汇
1.unlike 2.thus 3.gentle 4.climate
阅读词汇
1.天文学 2.系统;体系;制度 3.球体;地球仪;地球 4.大气层;气氛
5.基本的;基础的 6.链子;连锁;锁链 7.乘;增加 8.万有引力;重力
9.卫星;人造卫星 10.物理学家 11.碰撞;坠落 12.宇宙飞船 13.拉(力);拖;牵引力 14.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮;漂浮物 15.氧
拓展词汇
1.violent;violence;violently 2.harmful;harm;harmless 3.exist;existence
4.puzzle;puzzled;puzzling 5.biology;biologist
二、高频短语
1.intime 2.getthehangof 3.givebirthto 4.inone'sturn 5.prevent...from 6.cheerup 7.nowthat 8.breakout 9.watchoutfor 10.blockout
三、经典句型
1.madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop 2.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthat
3.wasluckyenoughtohaveachance 4.notbeasstrongapullastheearth's 5.twiceasfarasontheearth 6.nowthatgravityhaschanged
基础知识运用篇
一、语境词汇运用
(一)词汇拼写
1.thus 2.atmosphere 3.pulled 4.fundamental 5.climate
6.Unlike 7.cheeredup 8.intime 9.prevent;from 10.brokeout
11.inyourturn 12.gavebirthto 13.blockout
1课文与语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Theearthwasjust 1 cloudofdustafterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintime 2 (produce)manythings,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearon 3 (it)surface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve 4 (harm)gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.
Smallplantsmultipliedand 5 (fill)theoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe 6 (develop)ofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects,reptilesanddinosaursappearedaftergreen 7 (plant)appeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadallovertheearth.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere, 8 preventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace. 9 lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan 10 (solve).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
2课文与短文改错
根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
LastmonthIpaidavisitthemoonwithmyfriend.Beforeweleft,Iwastoldtheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimeonourjourney.Thenwetookup.Aswelefttheearth,Ibecameveryheavily.Graduallytheweightlessen.WhenIwasinspace,itwasdisappeared.WefloatedweightlesslyinthecabinandIcheeredup.WhenIwasonthemoon,Iwassurprisetofindevenwalkingneededabitofpracticenowthatgravitychanged.Returningoftheearthwasveryfrightened.Wewereamazedtowatchfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship.
3话题知识与写作
Ⅰ.根据提示翻译下列句子。
1.我们能登陆火星吗?
这完全取决于科学和技术的发展。
(dependon)
2.火星上几乎没有氧气,这使生命不可能存在。
(make;exist)
3.中午的温度可能在零上50℃左右,而晚上的温度则在零下100℃左右。
这使得我们无法在那里生活。
(prevent...from...)
4.既然火星与地球完全不同,如果我们有朝一日去火星的话,我们不得不带上我们自己的氧气、食物、衣服和住的地方。
(nowthat)
Ⅱ.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
答案精解精析
1.课文与语法填空
1.a 2.toproduce 3.its 4.harmful 5.filled
6.development 7.plants 8.which 9.Whether10.besolved
2.课文与短文改错
LastmonthIpaidavisit①
themoonwithmyfriend.Beforeweleft,Iwastoldtheforceofgravitywouldchangethree②
onourjourney.Thenwetook③
.Aswelefttheearth,Ibecamevery④
.Graduallytheweight⑤
.WhenIwasinspace,it⑥wasdisappeared.WefloatedweightlesslyinthecabinandIcheeredup.WhenIwasonthemoon,Iwas⑦
tofindevenwalkingneededabitofpracticenowthatgravitychanged.Returning⑧
theearthwasvery⑨
.Wewereamazedtowatchfire⑩
outontheoutsideofthespaceship.
①payavisitto...拜访……,为固定搭配。
②此处time表示“次数”,且前面有three修饰,故用复数形式。
③takeup占据,从事;takeoff起飞。
此处指我们起飞了。
④become为系动词,后用形容词作表语。
⑤结合上下文可知,此处应该用一般过去时态。
⑥disappear为不及物动词,无被动语态。
⑦surprised吃惊的。
⑧returntotheearth回到地球。
⑨frightening令人害怕的。
⑩watch...do...观看……做……,强调看到动作的全过程。
3.话题知识与写作
Ⅰ.1.CanwelandonMars?
Italldependsonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.
2.ThereisalmostnooxygenonMarsandthismakesitimpossibleforlifetoexist.
3.Itmightbeabout50℃abovezeroatnoonand100℃belowzeroatnight,whichpreventsusfromlivingthere.
4.NowthatMarsisquitedifferentfromtheearth,ifwearetogotoMarsoneday,wehavetotakealongourownoxygen,food,clothingandshelter.
Ⅱ.[参考范文]
WhetherwecanlandonMarsdependsonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.ThereisalmostnooxygenonMars,whichmakesitimpossibleforlifetoexist.Itmightbeabout50℃abovezeroatnoonand100℃belowzeroatnight,whichpreventsusfromlivingthere.NowthatMarsisquitedifferentfromtheearth,ifwearetogotoMarsoneday,wehavetotakealongourownoxygen,food,clothingandshelter.
单元阅读解题指导
所给词为名词的做题技巧(语法填空)
方法指导
在语法填空中,如果括号中的提示词为名词,通常从下面两个角度命题。
1)名词单复数:
根据名词的特点、上下文或谓语动词的特点确定名词的数。
2)名词与形容词的转换:
根据句子成分和词与词之间的修饰关系判断。
典例引领(2017浙江)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall 1 (carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda 2 (shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.
Pahlssonscreamed 3 loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt 4 (I),”saysPahlsson.
Sixteenyears 5 (early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring 6 (cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn’t.Pahlssonandherhusband 7 (search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,”shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.
Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot 8 (sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden, 9 itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas 10 wonder.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
方法运用
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了Lena奇迹般地从自家的菜园里找到了她丢失了十六年的戒指的故事。
1.carrots 根据ahandfulof可知,设空处应该用复数形式,表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜,因此用carrots。
2.shiny/shining 根据上下文可知,此处指“闪光的东西”,所填单词作定语,表示特征,因此用shiny或shining。
3.so 此处考查so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。
4.myself 她认为我伤着我自己了。
根据语境可知,此处应该用反身代词。
5.earlier 此处表示“十六年前”,earlier……之前。
6.tocook 此处用动词不定式表目的。
7.searched 此处所缺单词是谓语动词,讲述的是过去的事情,因此应该用一般过去时。
8.swept 此处