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英语四级
12月四级考试阅读练习（8）
Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvionmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintellingencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasreatedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalpooprtunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenviromentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregibentesetstomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.
1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled_________.
a.MeasuringYourIntelligence
b.IntelligenceandEnvironment
c.TheCaseofPeterandMark
d.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence
2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat_____.
a.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably
b.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimprotantindetermininghisintelligence
c.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligence
d.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence
3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is_____.
a.85
b.100
c.110
d.125
4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat_______.
a.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel
b.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenviroment
c.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence
d.changesofenviromentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain
5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q.______.
a.canbepredictedatbirth
b.staysthesamethrouthouthislife
c.canbeincreasedbyeducation
d.isdeterminedbyhischildhood
参考答案：
bcbcc
12月四级考试长难句翻译练习（8）
71.Noprudentpersondaredtoactontheassumptionthat,whenthecontinentwassettled,onegovernmentcouldincludethewhole;andwhenthevastexpensebrokeup,asseemedinevitable,intoacollectionofseparatenations,onlydiscord,antagonism,andwarscouldbeexpected.
72.Iftheywererightinthinkingthatthenextnecessityinhumanprogresswastolifttheaveragepersonuponanintellectualandsociallevelwiththemostfavored,theystoodatleastthreegenerationsnearerthanEuropetothatgoal.
73.Somehowheknowsthatifourhucksteringcivilizationdidnotateverymomentviolatetheeternalfitnessofthings,thepoet’ssongwouldhavebeengiventotheworld,andthepoetwouldhavebeencaredforbythewholehumanbrotherhood,asanymanshouldbewhodoesthedutythateverymanowesit.
74.Theinstinctivesenseofthedishonorwhichmoney-purchasedoestoartissostrongthatsometimesamanofletterswhocanpayhiswayotherwiserefusespayforhiswork,asLordByrondid,forawhile,fromanoblepride,andasCountTolstoyhastriedtodo,fromanobleconscience.
75.PerhapshebelievedthathecouldnotcriticizeAmericanforeignpolicywithoutendangeringthesupportforcivilrightsthathehadwonfromthefederalgovernment.
76.AbrahamLincoln,whopresidedinhisstonetempleonAugust28,1963abovethechildrenoftheslavesheemancipated（解放）,mayhaveusedjusttherightwordstosumupthegeneralreactiontotheNegroes’massivemarchonWashington.
77.IntheWarrenCourtera,votersaskedtheCourttopassonissuesconcerningthesizeandshapeofelectoraldistricts,partlyoutofdesperationbecausenootherbranchofgovernmentofferedrelief,andpartlyoutofhopethattheCourtwouldreexamineolddecisionsinthisareaasithadinothers,lookingatbasicconstitutionalprinciplesinthelightofmodernlivingconditions.
78.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:
inanysocietythat,likeacapitalistsociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialtermsdisproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.
79.ThisdoctrinehasbroadenedtheapplicationoftheFourteenthAmendmenttoother,nonracialformsofdiscrimination,forwhilesomejusticeshaverefusedtofindanylegislativeclassificationotherthanracetobeconstitutionallydisfavored,mosthavebeenreceptivetoargumentsthatatleastsomenonracialdiscriminations,sexualdiscriminationinparticular,are“suspect”anddeservethisheightenedscrutinybythecourts.
80.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbypremoderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshigh-poweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,tohavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.
参考答案：
71、没有一个谨慎的人能按如下的假设行事：
当陆地确定以后，一个政府并不能包括全部；当这种巨大的开销终于分裂为几个民族时，这看起来是不可避免的，人们就只能等待着争论，敌对和战争了。
72、如果他们认为人类进步的下一步必需是把普通人的智力水平和社会地位向着最受欢迎的方向提高的看法正确的话，他们至少要比欧洲超前三代接近那个目标。
73、他认识到如果不是我们的“小贬”文明每时每刻地破坏事实内部的和谐的话，诗人的诗歌就该已经奉献给了世界，而诗人也该被全人类关怀着，每个为大家做事的人都该被如此对待。
74、金钱购买给艺术的本能耻辱感如此强烈，以致可有时文人可以获得报酬却拒绝为其作品给予的报酬，LordByron有时因为尊贵的自豪而这么做，而CountTolstoy则出于贵族的良知而尽力这么做。
75、也许他认为他批评美国的外支政策就会使他从联帮政府那里获得的对人权和的支持受到威胁。
76、AbrahamLincoln在1963年8月28日在他掌管的石头寺里解放了奴隶的孩子们，使用了正确的词语来总统对待华盛顿的黑人群众游行。
77、在Warren法庭时代，选民们要求法庭通过有关选区的大小和形状的问题，一方面因为出于绝望-没有什么其他的政府部门提供缓解的办法；一方面出于希望-法庭根据现代的生活条件来审视基本的宪法原则,像其他地区一样重新审查在这一地区的旧的规定。
78、有些人甚至看似事理地认为这一弱点无可补救：
在任何一个在物质财富方面追求更加富裕的社会中，比如说资本主义社会，比例不均衡的回报肯定要流向那些在创造财富增长的过程中提供设备的人。
79、这一学说把十四修正案的应用扩大到了其他方面，由于一些法官拒绝用宪法来给除种族外的东西来进行法定分类予以否定，许多人觉得这一论点可以接受；至少有一些非种族的歧视，特别是性别歧视被怀疑要受法庭的仔细审查。
80、但由于照相机变得越来越精细，越来越自动化了，一些摄影师禁不住开始解除他们的装备或者说他们根本没什么装备，而倾向于运用那些非现代的照相技术，因为一架未成熟，力不大的机器被认为更加有趣或者说更能有情绪结果，给人更多的创作空间。
12月四级考试高分备考：
改错练习（8）
第八篇：
ErrorCorrection（15minutes）
Somepeople,inallseriousness,saythat
humanswillbelivinginspacewithinthenext
hundredorsoyears.PlanetEarthwillbecrowded,
dirtyandlackofresources.Asortofexodus--71.
ofmankindwillbegin.
Spaceshipswillbeassembledsothatthey
revolvearoundtheearth.Somemayorbitaround
Mars.Thesespacestationswillbeservicedby
spacebuses.Wesawthefirstspacebuslaunchin--72.
April1981.Thiswas"Columbia",itmadeseveral--73.
orbitsaroundtheearthandthenreturned,landing
onahugedrylakebedinCalifornia."Columbia"
willbeusedagain.Previousspaceshipshave
beenabandoned,onlythenoseconebeingused
tobringthecrewsbacktoearth.--74.
Uponestablished,eachspacestationwill--75.
generateitsownatmosphereandhaveitsown
agriculture.Itwillneedtorotationtoprovide--76.
anartificialgravity;peoplewillbeforcedinwards--77.
fromthecenterbycentrifugalforce.
ThemoonandMarscouldbecomenewsourcesof
newmaterials.Drivingthroughspacewillno--78.
longerneedEarthfuel-theenergywouldcome
fromthesun.Thisenergywouldbeconvertedfrom--79.
electricitytoworkmagneticrockets.
Thatallsoundsquitefantasticallybut,with--80.
therapiddevelopmentofmodernstechnology,who
knowsaboutwhatthefutureholds?
参考答案：
71.lack--short
72.launch--launched
73.it--which
74.crews--crew
75.upon--once
76.rotation--rotate
77.inwards-outwards
78.will--would
79.from--into
80.fantastically--fantastic
12月四级考试写作提高资料汇总（7）
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。
）
例句：
It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以...为基础）
例句：
The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）
例句：
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让...明白...事）
例句：
We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）
例句：
Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make i
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