考研真题附新版答题卡.docx

考研真题附新版答题卡.docx

《考研真题附新版答题卡.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研真题附新版答题卡.docx（55页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

考研真题附新版答题卡

2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

　　6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

　　Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

　　Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth—therebycreatinganartificialsmile—orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

　　1.A.amongB.exceptC.despiteD.like

　　2.A.reflectB.demandC.indicateD.produce

　　3.A.stabilizingB.boostingC.impairingD.determining

　　4.A.transmitB.sustainC.evaluateD.observe

　　5.A.measurableB.manageableC.affordableD.renewable

　　6.A.InturnB.InfactC.InadditionD.Inbrief

　　7.A.oppositeB.impossibleC.averageD.expected

　　8.A.hardensB.weakensC.tightensD.relaxes

　　9.A.aggravateB.generateC.moderateD.enhance

　　10.A.physicalB.mentalC.subconsciousD.internal

　　11.A.ExceptforB.AccordingtoC.DuetoD.Asfor

　　12.A.withB.onC.inD.at

　　13.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.because

　　14.A.exhaustsB.followsC.precedesD.suppresses

　　15.A.intoB.fromC.towardsD.beyond

　　16.A.fetchB.biteC.pickD.hold

　　17.A.disappointedB.excitedC.joyfulD.indifferent

　　18.A.adaptedB.cateredC.turnedD.reacted

　　19.A.suggestingB.requiringC.mentioningD.supposing

　　20.A.EventuallyB.ConsequentlyC.SimilarlyD.Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

　　ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

　　Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

　　Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

　　Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

　　Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.

　　21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas.

　　A.incurredcriticism

　　B.raisedsuspicion

　　C.receivedacclaim

　　D.arousedcuriosity

　　22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois.

　　A.influential

　　B.modest

　　C.respectable

　　D.talented

　　23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers.

　　A.ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances

　　B.rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances

　　C.exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances

　　D.overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

　　24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

　　A.Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

　　B.Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

　　C.Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

　　D.Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels.

　　A.doubtful

　　B.enthusiastic

　　C.confident

　　D.puzzled

Text2

　　WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

　　McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

　　Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

　　Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

“Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

　　Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

　　Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

　　26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing.

　　A.arrogant

　　B.frank

　　C.self-centered

　　D.impulsive

　　27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby.

　　A.theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus

　　B.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife

　　C.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards

　　D.theirpursuitofnewc