喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌的区别.docx

喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌的区别.docx

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喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌的区别

喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌的区别

喀斯特地貌和丹霞地貌的区别Thedifferencebetweenthetwo:

1.fromtheappearance,thelandscapeofDanxiaisred.AndthelandscapeofKarstiswhite!

2.,thedevelopmentofparentmaterialisnotthesame,Danxialandformdevelopedinredgravelrock,sored,andKarstlandformdevelopmentinlimestone,soappearwhite.3.China’sHunanZhangjiajieisthefamousDanxialandform,YunnanJiuxiangShilinisthefamousKarstlandform!

1.Danxialandscape:

Fangshan,ChibiQifeng,cavesandotherspeciallandformofredrockintheexternalforceundertheactionofadevelopment.Rhyolitelandformslandscape,rhyolitelandformsforacidicvolcanicrockscausedbycondensation,afterweathering,withrhyoliticstructure,landformlandscaperichandvivid,viewingfromdifferentangles,differenttime,oftenshowingadifferentshape.2.Karstlandformlandscape:

carbonaterock（mainlylimestone）mainlysolublerockinthewaterbasedinteractionbetweentheinternalandexternalforces.Limestoneweatheringismainlywatererosion,groundlimestonedissolution,FengLing,Gufengformationpeak,theformationofundergroundlimestonedissolutioncave,limestonedissolutionaftererosionremainingpartoftheformationofTaihustone,waterstone1.DanxialandformisakindoflandformnamedafterMountDanxiainthe30soflastcentury.Danxiatherockformationisasedimentarybasinintheinlandredclasticrocks,latercrustaluplift,therockwascutwatererosion,slopefailureinthecourseofthemainandback,thepreservedrockblockconstitutesaredmountain.TheDanxialandformbelongstotheredbedlandform.Theso-calledredbedreferstotheredrockseriesformedduringtheMesozoicJurassictoCenozoicthirdperiods,whichisgenerallycalledtheredsandconglomerate.Nowthethickandthinsedimentarybeddingcanbeseenonthecliff,andthecoarserockformationsarecalledconglomerates,andthefineanduniformstrataarecalledsandstones.ThemostprominentpointofDanxialandformisChibiRedCliffiswidelydeveloped,landformformedaflattop,steepslopeandslowfoothillmountain,stonewalls,pillars,ShiFengQiinsurance,withtheredredcliffisakindofcharacteristicoflandformintheworldiscomposedofredgravel,isnamedforGuangdongprovinceRenhuacounty,MountDanxia,thisistheDanxia.ItismainlydistributedinthecentralandwesternUnitedStates,China,AustraliaandotherplacesinChina,themostwidelydistributed,amongwhichtheMountDanxiaareaisthelargestandmosttypicaldevelopment,typesofthemostcomplete,themostabundantandmostbeautifulform.AftercomparingtheDanxialandformathomeandabroad,CengZhaoxuan,afamousgeographerinChina,thinksthatMountDanxiaisChinafirstandtheworldisthefirstintermsofscaleandscenery.Danxialandformisakindoflandformnamedin30soflastcentury.Danxiatherockformationisasedimentarybasinintheinlandredclasticrocks,latercrustaluplift,therockwascutwatererosion,slopefailureinthecourseofthemainandback,thepreservedrockblockconstitutesaredmountain.TheDanxialandformbelongstotheredbedlandform,whichistheredrockseriesformedduringtheMesozoicJurassictoCenozoicthirdperiods,whichisgenerallycalledredsandconglomerate.Nowthethickandthinsedimentarybeddingcanbeseenonthecliff,andthecoarserockformationsarecalledconglomerates,andthefineanduniformstrataarecalledsandstones.ThemostprominentpointofDanxialandformisChibiRedCliffiswidelydeveloped,landformformedaflattop,steepslopeandslowfoothillmountain,stone,ShiFeng,pillarsandotheroddrisk,differentrocksformahighornamentalvalueoflandscape,isworthyofthenameredstonepark.2.KarstlandformInthedistributionareaofsolublerock（mainlylimestone）,thesurfaceandsubsurfacelandformsformedbytheactionofKarstarecollectivelycalledKarstlandform.KarstistheplacenameoflimestoneplateauinthenorthwestofYugoslavia,whereavarietyofpeculiarlimestonedissolutionlandformsaredeveloped.ICountryofKarstlandformresearchhasalonghistory,asearlyas2019yearsago,TheClassicoftheGreatWildernessinundergroundrecords.Morethan300yearsago,MingDynastygeographerXuXiake（1586-1641）examinedmorethan100cavesinlimestoneareasofGuangxi,GuizhouandYunnan,toKarstThecharacteristicsandcausesoflandformsaredescribedinclassification.Hismonumentalwork,XuXiake’stravels,isknownastheclassicworksofKarst.Karstlandformcanbedividedintotwobasictypes:

surfaceandunderground.ThecommongroundofKarstlandform:

meltinggroove,stonebud,stoneforest,sinkholes,funnel,karstdepressionandKarstbasin,dryvalley,valley,peakcluster,peaksandbutteindifferentforms.Undertheconditionofwarmandhumidclimate,surfacewaterflowsalongthelimestonegroundanddissolvesalongthejointsandfissurestoformawideandshallowdissolutiongroovecalleddissolutionchannel.Dissolutionditchgenerallywidefrommorethantencentimeterstoafewmeters,depthofmorethan1meters,lengthisnotequal,betweenthegullybetweentheridge,columncalledstonebud.Clintheightrangingfromtensofcentimeterstoseveralmeters.Inadditiontoexposingtheground,thestonebudisburiedinthegroundandiserodedbytheinfiltrationofgroundwater.Inthethicklimestoneinthehighstonebud,inwhichthereareparallelverticaldissolutionditch,ditchdeepslope,similartotheforest,namedstoneforest,suchasLunanStoneForestinYunnan,china.Thesurfacewateriscorrodedverticallyanddownwardsalongthefissureoftherockstratum,andthecollapseoccurs,andbecomestheverticalchannelofthesurfacewaterflowingtotheundergroundriverortheundergroundkarstcave,calledthesinkhole.Accordingtotheirmorphologicalcharacteristics,theycanbedividedintofissureshapedsinkholes,shaftshapedsinkholesandfunnelshapedsinkholes.Fig.1thediameterofthetunnelis7to10meters,thedepthisabout10-30meters,andthedepthismorethan100meters.Inthedissolutionoflimestonesurfacecanoftenseeaplanarcontourroundoroval,tensofmetersindiameterandseveraltotensofmetersdeepfunnel-shapedpit,calledthefunnel.Thelowerfunneloftenleadstotheunderground,andthesurfacewaterflowsdownthepipe,suchasthechannelisblockedbyclaygravel,andthewaterisoftenaccumulatedintothepool.Accordingtoitscauses,itcanbedividedintodissolutionfunnel,subsidencefunnelandcollapsefunnel.FunnelistheproductofearlydevelopmentofKarst.ItistheresultofverticalcirculationofgroundwaterinKarst,sothefunnelismostlydistributedonthesurfaceofKarstlandform.Forexample,onthemountainplaneofYichang,thefunnelisverydeveloped,andtherearemanynegativeterrains,suchassinkholesanderosiondepressions,withanaverageofmorethan30squarekilometerspersquarekilometer.Thefurtherenlargementofdissolutionofthefunnelbecomesadepressionofdissolution.Ifyouareatthebottomofkarstdepressionsandotherlateriteweatheringcover,thebottomofthefunnel,sinkholeswaterchannelsblocked,waterintoLakeKarst.Theflatbottomoftheerosiondepressionisflat,anditsdiameterismorethan100meters,evenupto1-2kilometers.Thedissolutiondepressionisfurtherextendedtoformawideflatbasinwithawidthofhundredsofmeterstoseveralkilometersandalengthoftensofkilometers,calledtheKarstbasin.YugoslaviascholarJ.wastheearliestknownourthisterrainverticalvalleyslope,intendedforarableground,isnowageneralterminternational.Theslopesofthebasinaresteepandflatatthebottom,oftencoveredwithresidualbrownclay,redclayandfluvialdeposits.SomehaystackButte,andoftenpeaksstandsattheedgeofthebasinorarrangedinthevalleyonbothsides,thefamousGuilinSceneryistheuniqueKarstlandscape.Inlimestoneareas,riversoftenseepalongfissuresandholes,leavingtheriverbedwithoutwaterandbecomingdryvalleys.Sometimestheriverfromasteepridgecavegushingoutoftheground,fromtheground,afterastreamfromthesinkholeintothegroundandthenthedownstreamclosedvalleycalledundergroundrivervalley,knownastheriver,suchasGuiyangCity,southwestoftheRedRivertributaryoftheLianshuiRiver,thesurfaceishiddenwhenrepeated,subterraneanstream.OntheedgeoftheKarstbasinarewidelydevelopedmainlybythepeakforestlandform,peak,peak,andkarstButte,manyoftheminthedevelopmentofmorepurerockandlargethicknessandmultijoint,faultarea.Thepeakclusterismainlydevelopedinthecarbonaterockmountainorplateauedgearea.Itscharacteristicsarethatthebaseisconnectedandthepeakissteep,whichistheearlystageofthedevelopmentofthepeakforestlandform.WhenthefurtherdevelopmentofKarstlandform,formingasteepmountain,thebaseisolatedYuanwanglineup,calledhoodoos,Guilin,YangshuoandotherplacesinGuangxiaretypicalrepresentatives.ThelatestageofKarstdevelopment,mostpeakshavebeendissolvedintomonadnockground,onlyafewrelativelyhighpeaksofsporadicisolatedstandsintheplain,knownastheButte,relativeheightofupto50-100meters,suchastheGuilinDuxiuPeakandFuBoyan.Inlimestonearea,theKarstlandformbelowthesurfaceisverycomplex,mainlyincludingkarstcaveandundergroundriver.Theundergroundcavern,calledkarstcave,isformedbythedissolutionofgroundwateralongthelevelofsolublerocklayer,jointandfaultfissure.Thegroundwaterintherocksalongthenarrowgapflowisslow,veryslowdissolution,withthecracksexpand,a