学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅠWarmup.docx
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学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅠWarmup
SectionⅠWarm-up&SuperAthletes
Ⅰ.词义匹配
1.Supremea.tomovearoundorthroughsomething
2.intervalb.toexchange
3.circulatec.tochangefoodinyourstomachintosubstancesthatyourbodycanuse
4.digestd.aperiodbetweentwoeventsortimes,orthespacebetweentwopoints
5.swape.havingthehighestrank,levelorimportance
6.annualf.theabilitytohear
7.hearingg.happeningonceeveryyear
答案:
1~4edac 5~7bgf
Ⅱ.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词
1.abusevt.滥用
2.fundamentaladj.根本的,基本的
3.compulsoryadj.强制性的,义务的
4.controversialadj.有争议的
5.contradictvt.与(其他事物)相矛盾
6.dashn.短跑
7.toleratevt.容忍→tolerancen.忍受,容忍
8.seekvt.寻找→sought(过去式)→sought(过去分词)
9.opposevt.反对→opposedadj.反对的,相反的
10.violatevt.违反,违背→violationn.违反
11.mineraln.矿物→minen.矿,矿山
Ⅲ.补全短语
1.compare...with... 和……相比较
2.insilence沉默地,无声地
3.outofbreath上气不接下气
4.atrandom随便地,随意地
5.ratherthan而不是
6.atallcosts不惜一切代价,无论如何
7.slowdown降低
8.allthetime总是,经常
9.becloseto靠近;离……近
10.breakout(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然爆发
11.sufferfrom(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦,受难,受折磨
12.contributeto有助于,促成
13.invain徒劳,白费力气
1.ManycontemporaryamateurathleteswouldhavebrokenworldrecordsiftheyhadtakenpartinthefirstOlympicGames.
假如许多当代业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话,他们有可能打破世界纪录。
[句式分析] 本句为虚拟条件句。
对过去事实进行假设的虚拟条件句用:
“if+主语+haddonesth.”,主句用“主语+wouldhavedonesth.”
[佳句赏析] 如果你早听取我的意见,你就不会考试失利的。
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.
2.Unlesswearecareful,“genetherapy”willbethenextbigthreat.
除非小心翼翼,否则“基因疗法”将会成为下一个巨大的威胁。
[句式分析] 本句为主从复合句,unless引导条件状语从句。
[佳句赏析] 除非我被邀请,否则我不会去参加晚会的。
Iwon'tgotothepartyunlessI'minvited.
3.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.
将来,改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。
[句式分析] havetheirgeneschanged为“havesth.done”“让某事被做”。
[佳句赏析] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)我写信是想请你把我的个人简历修改一下。
I'mwritingtoyoutohavemyresumerevised.
4.(长难句分析)FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.
弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯给出了几种毫无说服力的辩解。
推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的,但这些都是徒劳的。
[句式分析] 本句为并列复合句。
Pleasematchchampionathleteswiththeirachievements.
a.Wongoldinmen's200mfreestylefinal.(2016)
b.Wongoldinthe200mindividualmedley.(2016)
c.Hisachievementsasasprinterhaveearnedhimthenickname“LightningBolt”.
d.WashonouredtheMVPofthewomen'svolleyballtournamentattheRioOlympics.
答案:
(1)~(4) cdab
Ⅰ.Fastreading
1.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?
A.TheathleteswhotookpartinthefirstOlympicGamesarenotasfastasathletestoday.
B.Dopingisahugeprobleminthesportingworld.
C.Thepresentandfutureofthesportingworldisbeingseriouslyandnegativelyaffectedbydopingandgenetherapy.
D.BenJohnson,FlorenceGriffithandFloydLandishaveallshockedtheworldbytheirspeed.
答案:
C
2.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).
①Takingperformanceenhancingdrugsisallowedbecausetheycancurediseases.( )
②Thedrugsaredevelopedtohelpathletestoperformbetter.( )
③Athletesdopingingamesareconsideredtohavecheated.( )
④It'seasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugsbecausetheyperformmuchbetter.( )
⑤Drugtestscanpreventallcasesofusingillegaldrugs.( )
答案:
①F ②F ③T ④F ⑤F
Ⅱ.Carefulreading
Readthetextcarefullyandthenfillinthechartwiththeinformationinthetext.
100metresin8seconds?
Recordshavebeen①dropping_fallingintrackandfieldusuallybecauseofbetterequipment,traininganddiet.Dopingandgenetherapyaretwoworryingissuesatsportscontests.
Doping
•Performanceenhancingdrugsareoriginallydevelopedtohelppeoplewith②illnesses.Athletestakingthesedrugsarefasterandstrongerthanis③normalforhumanbeings.Theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewho④abusethem.
•Dopingisaformof⑤cheating.Someathleteswerecaughtdopingandsomerecordsremaindoubtful.
•Dopingispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheir⑥natural_limits.
•Newdrugsaredevelopedallthetimeanddrugtestsareoftenonestepbehind.
Gene
therapy
•Scientistshavefoundwaystobuildmuscleandincreasestrengthbychangingpeople's⑦genes.
•Manypeople⑧opposefurtherresearchinto
genetherapy.
•Ifathleteshadtheirgeneschanged,itwouldbealmostimpossibleto⑨find_out.
Dopingandgenetherapy⑩violatetheOlympicspirit,whichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning.
考点1
circulatevi.&vt.循环;传播;散布
[经典例句]
Theoceanwatercirculatesinthesamewayeveryyear.
海水每年以同样的方式循环流动。
Openawindowtoallowtheairtocirculate.
开窗使空气流通。
HewenttoIndiatocirculatehisknowledgeoffarming.
他去印度传播农耕知识。
[wordfamily]
Exercisewillincreasemusclestrengthandimprovebloodcirculation.
锻炼会增强肌肉力量,并促进血液循环。
1.选词填空:
circle,circular,circulate,circulation
①Shepaidacircularvisitamongherrelations.
②Weobservedthecirculationofbloodinfrogs.
③Thechildrenlinkedhandstomakeacircle.
④TheoldmandevoteshimselftocirculatingChinesetraditionalculture.
2.翻译句子
⑤这种疾病阻碍了血液的循环畅通。
The_disease_prevents_the_blood_from_circulating_freely.
⑥Rumoursabouthisfinancialproblemsbegantocirculate.
有关他财务问题的谣言开始流传。
考点2
digestvt.&vi.消化vt.理解,领悟n.摘要,文摘
[教材原句]
Itdigestsyourfoodandsendsvitaminsandmineralsintotheblood.
它消化你的食物,将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。
Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodtodigest.
饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化一下。
Itoftentakesalongtimetodigestnewideas.
吸收新思想往往需要很长一段时间。
Readers'Digestisquitepopularamongusstudents.
《读者文摘》深受我们学生欢迎。
1.单句语法填空
①Weneedtoeatsomefoodthatiseasy_to_digest(digest)whilecatchingacold.
②Itiswellknownthatporridgeisgoodfordigestion(digest).
2.完成句子
③我花了很长时间才把听到的东西弄明白。
Ittookmealongtimeto_digest_what_I_had_heard.
④他书读得很快,但什么也没学到。
Hereadrapidlybutdidn't_digest_anything.
考点3
abusevt.滥用n.谩骂,弊端
[教材原句]
Takingthesedrugsisknownas“doping”andalthoughtheyenhanceperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem.
众所周知,服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”。
尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩,但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在日后生活中带来健康问题。
Youarealwaysabusingandoffendingpeople.
你总是出言不逊得罪人。
Thegovernmenthassetupaworkingpartytolookintotheproblemofdrugabuse.
政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。
abuseone'spower/privilege 滥用职权/特权
abuseone'strust/confidence背信弃义
Allthechildrenhadbeenphysicallyandemotionallyabused.
所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。
Theprivilegewasabused.
这一特权被滥用了。
1.单句语法填空
①Thecarelessemployeewasoftenabused(abuse)byhisboss.
②Hewaspunishedforabusing(abuse)hispositionforpersonalgains.
③Ican'tstandhisgivingmemuchabuse(abuse)fornofault.
2.翻译句子
④不要滥用你的特权。
Don't_abuse_your_privilege.
⑤这位农夫经常虐待他的妻子。
The_farmer_often_abuses_his_wife.
⑥Hegotillegalprofitsforhimselfbyhisabuseofthepower.
他滥用职权为自己取得非法利益。
考点4
toleratevt.容忍
[教材原句]
Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.
体育界不能容忍兴奋剂,是因为它是一种影响力很大的作弊形式。
Atfirstthenewsurroundingsweredifficultformetotolerate.
开始的时候,新的环境让我难以忍受。
Wecouldn'ttolerateanycrimeinourcampus.
在校园里我们不能容忍有任何犯罪行为。
Thereisalimittowhatonepersoncantolerate.
一个人的容忍是有限度的。
Hiswifecan'ttoleratehisplayingwithhisphoneallday.
他的妻子无法忍受他整日玩手机。
[wordfamily]
[名师点津] tolerate的同义词(组)有:
stand,bear,endure(忍耐),putupwith,livewith。
Sherefusedtobeartobecalledaliar.
她拒绝接受被别人称为撒谎者。
I'mnotgoingtoputupwiththeirsmokinganylonger.
我再也不能忍受他们吸烟了。
1.单句语法填空
①Thepainhasbecometolerable(tolerate).
②Hewastolerant(tolerate)ofdifferentviews.
③Shehadnotolerance(tolerate)forjokesofanykindatall.
④Yourbehaviorwon'tbetolerated(tolerate)inourhouse,soyouhavetobecareful.
⑤Theschoolcan'ttoleratecheating(cheat)inexams.
2.句型转换
⑥Shecan'tbeartobecalledaliar.
→Shecan'ttolerate/stand/bearbeingcalledaliar.
考点5
seek(sought,sought)v.寻找,追求
[教材原句]
Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics,itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.
服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径比赛中的一个问题,它同时也是其他比赛项目的一些运动员准备作弊,企图获取超出自身身体极限的运动成绩的一种手段。
Theyareseekingabetterwaytosolvetheproblem.
他们正在寻求一个更好的解决这个问题的办法。
seektodosth. 设法、企图做某事
seekafter/for追求,探索
seekthrough找遍
seekout搜寻出;挑选出;找到
seekone'sfortune外出寻找发财机会,外出闯荡
Theyoungwriterseekstowriteabookwhichwillbepopularwiththereaders.
那位年轻作家试图写一本受读者欢迎的书。
Thereisnodoubtthatquestioningcanserveasabridgethathelpsustoseekafterthetruth.
毫无疑问,质疑可以充当帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。
Hesoughtoutashadyspotwherehemightsitdownandrest.
他找到了一个可以坐下来休息的阴凉地方。
[名师点津]
(1)seek的过去式,过去分词为sought,sought;
(2)seek后可接不定式作宾语,但不可接动名词。
Theysoughttofindsomeplaceforshelter.
他们试图找到一个藏身的地方。
1.单句改错
①Isoughtsettinganexampleformykids.
setting→to_set
②Ifyouwanttoseektosuccess,youmustworkhard.to→for/after
2.完成句子
③我们在认真地寻求真理。
Weareearnestlyseeking_after_the_truth.
④我从没试图掩藏我的看法。
Ihaveneversought_to_hide_my_view.
⑤在中国数以亿计的农民工涌入大城市以寻求发财之路。
Billionsoffarmerspourintobigcitiestoseek_their_fortuneinChina.
考点6
opposevt.反对;抵制;阻挠
[教材原句]
Genetherapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.
基因疗法是很有争议的,而且许多人反对对其进一步研究。
Theplanofbuildinganewairportwillbestronglyopposedbythelocalresidents.
修建新机场的计划将会遭到当地居民的强烈反对。
(1)oppose(doing)sth. 反对(做)某事
opposeoneselfto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事
beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事
(2)oppositeprep.在……的对面adj.对立的,不同的,相反的
(3)oppositionn.反对,抵抗;反对派,对手
Allthememberspresentopposedtheplanbitterly