The Analysis of Tesss Tragedy in Tess of the DUrbervilles.docx

The Analysis of Tesss Tragedy in Tess of the DUrbervilles.docx

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TheAnalysisofTesssTragedyinTessoftheDUrbervilles

TheAnalysisofTess’sTragedyinTessoftheD’Urbervilles

Abstract

TessoftheD’UrbervillesisthemostinfluentialoneofallThomasHardy’sworks.Thenoveltellsatragiclifeaboutabeautifulandpuregirlafterdisgrace.Thisthesisanalyzesthepersonalcharacterandsocietytragedyopenoutatthattime.Theauthor,Hardy,revealedacommongirl,Tess,foughtwiththesocietyhelplessly.Finally,Tess’stragiclifecannotbeseparatedfromherownweaknessincharacter.

KeyWords:

Tess;TragicLife;VictimofSociety

摘要

《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代最为有影响力的一部巨著。

该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。

论文通过对小说中社会环境的描写，从分析人物性格和社会悲剧着手。

苔丝的悲剧生活于其自身的弱点是分不开的。

作者哈代揭示了一个普通女孩，苔丝无助地与当时社会抗争，最终苔丝成为社会的牺牲品。

关键词：

苔丝；悲惨的命运；社会的牺牲品

Contents

.Introduction

Tesswasborninapoorfamily.Oneday,herfatherwastoldthathewasthelinealdescendantsofancientfamilyoftheD’Urbervilles,thenheturnedhisheadup.HeandhisvainandvulgarwifedecidedtosentTesstoarichfamilyalsocalledD’Urbervilles’sdescendant.Inordertogetsupporttheirsocietystatus,Tesswenttotherichfamily,afterthatbeingrapedandpregnant.Thechildwasborn,thendiedsoon.Severalyearslater,shelefthometoamilkfactorytowork.TheredidshemeethertrueloveAngelClare.Theyfellinloveandengaged.ShegreatlyadmiredAngelClareandlovedhim.ButAngeldidnotlearnofherpreviousrelationshipwithAlecuntiltheirweddingnight.

Ontheweddingnight,Tesstoldallaboutittohishusband,butshedidnotgethisunderstanding.AfterthatAngelabandonedherthenhewenttoBraziltodevelophisbusinessalone.WhenTessandAlecmetagain,becauseofthehardlife,shelivedwithAlecagain.Severalyearslater,Angelreturnedfromabroad.Hewasverysorryforwhathedid.AndhetoldTesshisthought.ForTesslovedhimsoaddicted,shewantedtobacktoAngel.SoTessmurderedAlec.AftershespentafewdaysofhappinesswithAngel,Tesswasarrestedandthendied.

ThomasHardywasthelastimportantnovelistoftheVictoriaages,anageofrealismratherthanofromanticism–arealismwhichstrivestotellthewholetruthshowingmoralandphysicaldiseasesastheyare.

Victorianliteratureingeneraltruthfullyrepresentstherealityandspiritofthisagelong—realistic,thicklyplotted,andcrowdedwithcharacters.Hardy’sexpressionofthetruthofthisagewhichcamefromtheagitationoflifeandfatalismofhumanbeingalsohadahighplaceinWesternliterature.

ThetragicideainHardy’snovelsspringanddevelopinformandconnotation.ThetragedyconsciousnessinHardy’snovelsoriginatedfromWesterntraditionaltragicspiritwhichwasfullofrationalismandprofoundreflectiononthecontradictionsofhumansociety.Anditalsorevealedanineluctableandinevitableconditionalityoffate.Thatistosay,theheroesorheroineswouldslipintothetragicpathoflifeintheendinWesternliteraturenomatterwhethertheylikedornot,orwheretheyhided.Tragedywastheirfinalarrangement.

Whenhewasyoung,hederivedaloveofmusicfromhisfatherandadevotiontoliteraturefromhismother.HegrewupintheDorsetshire,ofwhichtheenvironmenttherebecamethemainbackdropofhiswritings.ThomasHardywasafamouscriticalrealisticwreterattheturnofthe19thcenturyinEngland,HiswritingsoftenreflectedthechangeaftercapitalismintrudedthecountriesinEnglandandthepeople’shardlife.Hardybegantocreatingthenovelsintheearly1870s.

Inthelate1890s,heturnedtowritepoetry.TheBritaininthisperiodwasundergoingatransitionperiodfromlaisser-fairecapitalismtoimperialism.Thecapitalismthoughtthatthesocialsystemofthisperiodcouldnotbechanged.ButHardy’sworksexactlyclashedwithit,whichreflectedthetremendouschangesofsocietyduetotheinvasionofindustrialcapitaltothevillage.

TessoftheD’Urbervilleswaspublishedintheyearof1891,whichwasoneofhismostfamousnovels.Thisnovelexplosedwomen’stragiclifeinthattime.Thethesisdiscribstworeasons,oneisTess’spersonalitycharacter,anotheroneissocietyreasons

.ReasonsofFamilyforTess’stragedy

A.FamilyBackground

Atthebeginningofthenovel,Tesswasadaughterofpovertydescentwhichhadoncemagnificent.Shewasadairymaid,wholivedinthecountry,asadaisyonthevillageroadside,beautifulbuthumble,andbeingwithherfamilywasbrokenupanddecimatedsixtyyearsagobeforethestorybegan.Andasthewriterexpressemotion,“Norman'sdescent,notforthesupportofVictoria1800,thewealth,averyinconsequential!

”Distinguishedbackgrounddoesn’tbringanybenefitstoTess,buthertragiclifewasbegun..

B.HerParentsforTess’sTragedy

1.HerFathertoTess’sTragedy

Tess’sfather,acarterinMarlott,whoisalazyalcoholic.Hehatedtoworkhardwhenhelearnedthathisfamilyisdescendedfromnobility.InordertogetsomeporfitsWhenpastorsaid“D’Urbeyfield,thatyouarethelinealrepresentativeoftheancientandknightly”Hebecameexcitedandwalkedinaprofoundreverie.Hebegantomakehisnobledream:

“tellthemtosendahorseandcarriagetomeimmediately,tocarrymehome”Evenmore,D’Urbeyfieldputhishandinhispocket,andproducedashilling,oneofthechronicallyfewthathepossessed.Hesentittotheladwiththelavishexpression.

Asifapedigreecanchangehispoverty,hebecamecomplacentandfulloftheunlimiteddream.TheunrealisticillusionchangedTess’stragedyfate.

2.HerMotherforTess’sTragedy

Tess’smother,whoseambitionsweremuchsimpler.ShewantedTesstoriseintheworldbymakingasuccessfulmarriage.TessreturnedtohomeafterhavingbeenrapedbyAlec,andshetoldhermotherwhathadhapppenedintheforestwithAlec.Hermothertoldher“Yououghttobemorecarefulifyoudidnotmeantogethimtomakeyouhiswife”.Tessanswered,“Oh,mother,mymother!

HowcouldIbeexpectedtoknow?

Iwasachild,whenIleftthishouseformonthsago.Whydidyoutellmetherewasdangerinmanfolk?

”Tessdidnothavetheknowlwdgeaboutmen,becauseofherlowereducation.Tess’smotherwasfrustratedwiththereasonswhyTessdidnotmarryAlec.HermotherbelievedthatifTessmarriedAlec,herfamily’ssituationwouldbechangedgreatly.

TheattitudesofherparentsdeterminedTess’stragicendinalargeproperty.IfTesswasnotborninthispoorfamilyorherfamilywasalsoanobleone.Ifshewasnotsoresponsibleforherduty,andshewasnotsokind,herlifewouldnotendupinthisway.

.ReasonsofHerOwnforTess’sTragedy

A.HerSacrificeforthefamily

Tesssacrificedherselfforherfamily.Asaruralgirlfromapeasantfamily,shemaintainedthesimpleinnocentqualitiesofpeasant.Herfamilywasverypoor.Alltheylivedonwasaweakhorse，Furthermore,Tess’sparentswouldnotworktosupportthemselves.Thefamilylivedahardlife,becausethereweresevenyoungersistersandbrothers.PovertyforcedTessattheageof17totakeherparents’dutyoffinancialburdenofthewholefamily.Tesswastooyoung!

Atthatagemostpeoplearestillinschool!

Tess’sfather,JohnDurbeyfieldisaplainhagglerinthevillageofMarlott,whenhelearnedthatheisthelinealrepresentativesofancientandknightlyfamilyofthed’Urbervilles.Heisveryproudofhisaristocraticancestryandcelebratesinatavern.There,hedecidestosendTesstoclaimkinshipwiththed’Urbervilles.Heishypocriticalandignorant.HethinksTessshouldmarryarichman,throughwhichwillgivehisfamilywealthandfame.Besides,Tess’smotherisalsoaselfishandhypocriticalruralwoman;sheisattractedbyherhusband’snobleblood.Whenshelearnsthatoldladyd’Urbervillesisblindandhisson,Alecisstillunmarried,sheshouldandcouldrealizetherisksendingTessthere,forherchastity.Andshecan’tacceptandunderstandTess’srefusetoAlec’sproposal.Herparentsevencan’tmeettheirendsmeet.Then,wecometoTess’ssevenyoungerbrothersandsisters.Theyareallveryyoung,andcan’tsharetheburdenofthefamily.Thus,theheavyburdenofsupportingthefamilyfallsonTess’sfamily.Sheiswillingtoworkhardandsharetheburden,andsacrificeherownhappiness.It’salloutofherresponsibilityforthefamily.Alectohimisadevil,adestroyer,sheneverloveshim,butshestillsubjectstohimforhismaterialaidtoherfamily.Thatisagreatspiritandloveforthefamily.

B.Hersacrificeforlove

InTess’slife,sheencounteredwithtwomen,namely,AlecandAngel.HercredulitytoAlecandinfatuationtoAngel.

Howuncompromisingshewasinlife.Butshewasnotasuccessorinlove.Shewasaslaveryoflove.Tess’sphysicallywasinjuredbyAlec,andmentallywasaffectedbyAngel.Alecisportrayedasaspoiled;almostevilpersonandahighclasssnob.Fromthefirsttime,shemetAlec,Tesscannotescapefromhispalm.While,workingonthedairyfarm,TessmetAngel.Theyfellinlove.TesswasveryadmireAngelClare,andlovedhim.Unfortunately,whenTesstoldhimwhathappenedtoherpast,Angelabandonedher.Becausehehadanideaofegoism,whichisdeeplyaffectedbythetraditionalsocietymoralsandconventions.Eventhoughhe,himself,wasnotapureman,hecouldnotacceptTesswhowasnotareallypurebride.Tess’slovemadehertodeath.AfterAngelleft,duetothepressureoflife,TesshadtoreturntoAlec.

Afterthat,AngelcamebackfromBrazil,hetoldTessthatheforgaveherpast.Bythereasonofherlovetohim,TessmurderedAlec.“Tohersublimetrustfulnesshewasallthatgoodnesscouldbe…knewallthataguide,philosopher,andfriendshouldknowshethoughteverylineinthecontourofhispersontheperf