高考英语阅读理解抓分训练54及答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解抓分训练54及答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解抓分训练54及答案

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练（54）及答案

阅读理解

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

    Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinoursocieties.However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.  Thesecondistheapplicationofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandaction thatscientistsuseintheirwork. 

    Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?

Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistiscurious-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallypaysattentiontoproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfyingexplanation,and looksforrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover, hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

    Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjective（客观的）andusesthefactsheobservestothefullest.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum（光谱）.

    Hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable.Herejectsauthorityastheonlybasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectively.

    Furthermore, hedoesnotreadilyaccepthisownidea,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

    Lastly, heisfullofimagination sinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore, heneedsimagination ifhewantstoguesshowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.

    Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

10.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough_________

A.knowledgeonly.

B.morethanoneaspect.

  C.technologyonly.

  D.theuseofmachines.

11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutacuriousscientistisTRUE?

A.Hedoesn’tfindconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Heisinterestedinproblemsthatareexplained.

C.Hemakeseffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Helooksfornewwaysofacting.

12.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldNOT_______________.

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers'researchwork.

  C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

  D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

13.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethedatathatagoodscientistuses?

A.completeB.objectiveC.complicatedD.accurate

14.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

  A.Applicationoftechnology.

  B.Progressinmodemsociety.

  C.Scientists'waysofthinkingandacting.

  D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

10.B。

从第二段中manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.可知科学在两个方面推动社会进步。

11.C。

D选项的意思是“他总是寻求行动的新方法”，文中没有提及。

A应是findconfidenceandpleasure.D应是thatareunexplained

12.A。

从文中可知，科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论，但是他不仅批判别人的工作，还批判自已的工作，工作时需要想象力，充分利用自已观察所得。

13.C。

倒数第二段中的complex等于complicated，意思是“复杂的”。

14.C。

文中前两段简要介绍社会的进步依赖于科学的哪两个方面；后部分详细介绍第二个方面，即科学家的思考和行为方式。

第三部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

（2012·上海春招）

TheAgeofUnreason

CharlesHandy

InhisbookTheAgeofUnreasonProfessorHandydescribesthedramaticchangesthataretakingplaceinourlivestodayandwarnsthatwemustadapttothesechangesifwewanttosurviveinthefuture.

Handybelievesthatinthefuturelessthan50%oftheworkforcewillbeemployedfulltimebyanorganization.Thesefulltimeemployeeswillbethequalifiedprofessionals,technicians,andmanagerswhoareessentialtoanorganization.Theirworkingliveswillbealotmoredemandingthantoday,butinreturntheywillbewellpaidandtheywillretireearlier.Therestoftheworkforcewillbeselfemployedorwillworkparttime,providingorganizationswiththeproductsandservicestheyrequireonacontractbasis.Handyforecastsabigincreaseinthenumberofworkingmothersinfutureandbelievestherewillbealargenumberofunemployed.

Handygivesusplentyoffigurestoworryabout.Heestimatesthatbytheyear2040,onepersoninfivewillretire,andoneintenwillbeoverseventyfiveyearsold.Therewillbeoneretireetoeverythreepeopleofworkingage,andevenmorethanthatincountriessuchasGermanyandSwitzerland,wheretheproportionwillbeasmuchasonetotwo.Retireeswillremainhealthyandactiveforlongerthantheydotodayandmanywilllivetobeahundredyearsold,afactwhichleadsHandytosuggestthatthetermretirementwillnolongerbeappropriate.Hesuggeststhethirdageisamoreappropriatedescription,sinceitwillbeasimportantapartofourlivesasthefirstageoflearningandthesecondageofworkingareforustoday.

文章大意：

本文讲述了汉迪教授写的《非理性时代》一书的简介。

56．ProfessorHandywrotethebookmostprobablyto________.

A.warnusofpotentialsocialproblemsinthefuture

B.predicttheleadingprofessionsinthecomingyears

C.describetheeffectofunemploymentonsociety

D.suggestabettertermforfutureretirement

答案：

A　细节理解题。

由第一段“...warnsthatwemustadapttothesechangesifwewanttosurviveinthefuture”可知，Handy教授写这本书的目的是警告我们：

在未来我们必须适应社会变化才能生存。

57．AccordingtoProfessorHandy,thefutureworkforcewill________.

A.adapttothechangesinretirementeasily

B.bemainlyselfemployed

C.havefewerfulltimeworkersthantoday

D.workonacontractbasis

答案：

C　细节理解题。

由第二段可知，在未来，全职工人的数目将会比现在少。

58．Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatabout30yearsfromnow，________.

A.thenumberofretireeswilldoubleinmanycountries

B.ageingwillbeacommonandseriousproblem

C.10%ofthepopulationwilllivetobe100yearsold

D.thethirdagewillbethemostimportantpartofourlives

答案：

B　细节理解题。

由第三段第二句话“Heestimatesthatbytheyear2040,onepersoninfivewillretire,andoneintenwillbeoverseventyfiveyearsold.”可知。

B

（2012·苏州五市区调研）

HaagenDazsfromEuropestartedin1989andis5—10timesmoreexpensivethanregularicecream.Onpricethereisnorealadvantage.However,itadoptedauniquemarketingstrategy,andquicklyoccupiedthemarket,atopicecreambrand.

HaagenDazsdidnotsetupshopsinordinarysupermarketsorgrocerystores.HaagenDazsleisurefashionshopsareinbusysectionsofmalls.Thelayoutiscarefullyplannedtocreateanelegantatmosphere,andsometimes,aflagship（旗舰）storelayoutwillcostseveralmilliondollars.

Comparedtoothericecreambrands,HaagenDazsconsumersaretightlygrouped.ItisunderstoodthatHaagenDazsseldomdoestelevisionadvertising.Themajorityofadsarehighlyvisualimpactoftheprintads.Inparticularmanyadvertisementslockthosepyramidtipconsumers.Moreover,aslongastheconsumerspending500yuantofillinasmallformcanbecometheirmembers,thesememberswillberegularlysentadvertisementsbydirectmail.PraiseofcustomersisapowerfulweaponforHaagenDazs.

Thereisalwaysmuchcreativeingenuity（独创性）inHaagenDazsadvertising,soitisrememberedbythepeople.

☆initialadvertisementssuchas:

“DeliciousHaagenDazs,like24Kgold,JapanKobebeef,originalpalmoil,mushroomtrufflesandChineseceramics,TiffanyAfrica...what‘icecream'waswaitingfor”．

☆“loveher,lethereatHaagenDazs”ThisclassicsensationaladvertisementattractedmorenumerousHaagenDazsloverswhobecomeregulars.

Today,HaagenDazshas55countriesintheworldwithapproximately700storeswithannualsalesofmorethan1billionUSdollars（about8.28billionyuan）.HaagenDazshasbecometheworld'smostpopulartopicecreambrand.IntheUnitedStates,itsmarketshareis6.1%,1%inFrance,4.6%inJapan,4%inSingaporeand5%inHongKong.

Determinedtotakethe“Qugaohegua”line,HaagenDazshascombinedaccuratepositioninginthemarketplacewithdedicatedbrandgoals.Thisistherealsecretofsuccess.

文章大意：

哈根达斯冰激凌始于1989年，比一般的冰激凌贵五到十倍，但是它因为采取了独到的营销策略，所以很快占领了市场，成为了冰激凌的超级品牌。

59．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHaagenDazsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itissopopularthatitcanbeboughtinalmosteverysupermarket.

B.Youcanenjoyyourselfbothphysicallyandspirituallybyeatingit.

C.Ithasbecometheworld'stopicecreambrandthroughitsefforts.

D.Ifyouareoneofitsmembers,youmayreceiveitsadvertisementsregularly.

答案：

A　推理判断题。

由第二段第一句话“HaagenDazsdidnotsetupshopsinordinarysupermarketsorgrocerystores.”可知，哈根达斯冰激凌在一般的超市和杂货店买不到，因此A项错误。

60．WhydoesHaagenDazsseldomdotelevisionadvertisements?

A.Becauseitcan'taffordtodotelevisionadvertisements.

B.Becauseitdoesn'tthinktelevisionadvertisingattractsconsumers.

C.Becauseitfocusesonitstargetconsumersbyusingothermedia.

D.Becauseitsdesignisn'tsuitabletobebroadcastonthetelevision.

答案：

C　细节理解题。

由第三、四段可知，哈根达斯冰激凌使用了其他的广告手段吸引、并牢牢把握住它的目标群体。

61．AccordingtotheinitialadvertisementsofHaagenDazs,itstressesthatitis________.

A.perfectB.expensive

C.specialD.popular

答案：

B　推理判断题。

由第五段“DeliciousHaagenDazs,like24Kgold,JapanKobebeef,originalpalmoil,mushroomtrufflesandChineseceramics,TiffanyAfrica...what‘icecream'waswaitingfor”可知，哈根达斯冰激凌强调的是自己的产品很贵。

62．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheoriginofHaagenDazs.

B.ThecreativeadvertisementsofHaagenDazs.

C.The