高考英语名词总结.docx

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高考英语名词总结.docx

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高考英语名词总结.docx

高考英语名词总结

名词

一、名词的分类

（一）专有名词主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物的名称，注意:

专有名词的第一个字母要大写,如Beijing，China等。

（二）普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如:

book，water等。

抽象名词（AbstractNouns）不可数名词（UncountableNouns）

物质名词（MaterialNouns）

普通名词（CommonNouns）

集体名词（CollectiveNouns）

（IndividualNouns）可数名词（CountableNouns）个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词

（CountableNouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，

称为不可数名词（UncountableNouns）。

1.个体名词:

指作为个体而存在的人或东西,可以指具体的人或

物。

Eg:

aunts;apanda;apartments也可指抽象东西。

Eg:

ayear;fairytales;adream2.集体名词:

表示若干个个体组成的集合体

Eg:

army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public

集体名词有时作单数看，有时作复数看。

一般来说，视为整体时

作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。

Eg:

Hisfamily_____notlarge.

Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.有少数集体名词通常用作单数。

personalcreditbusinessprocessmanagement,anddevelopmentofbusinessprocesses,cleartheloanobjectandscope,establishloanoperationofassessmentandaccountabilitymechanisms.DiversitymanagementprinciplestheBank'sstrictseparationbetweenbusinessandconsumeruseofpersonalcredit,thenaccordingtothedifferentvarietiesofbusinesstoestablishtheappropriateaccessstandard,post-lendingmanagementrequirements.BusinessusepersonalcreditshouldbestrictlyinaccordancewiththeqiluBank'ssmallbusinesscreditriskmanagementguidelinesandassociatedworkingcapitalloansmanagementrequirements,suchasassessingthemanagementofproductionandoperation,repaymentability,thelevelofrisk,andsoon.IncomedebtratiocontrolprincipleofBankincomedebtratiocontrolmechanism,combinedwiththeborrower'sincome,debt,expenditures,loans,guaranteesandotherfactors,determinestheloanamountandterm,controleachrepaymentdoesnotexceedtheamountoftheborrowerrepaymentability.Principlesoftrans-regionallimitsBranchesshallnotinprincipletooperatingincomemainlycomesfromoffsite（prefecture-levelcitiesandadministrativedivisionsatorabove）orinward（MS）chargeprovidedcreditsupportforindividualcustomersislocatedindifferentplaces,butexceptthosewithuniqueadvantagessuchascritical.Havesetupbranchesindifferentplaces,otherbodiesarenotentitledtocarryoutthebranchofcreditbusinessintheregion.BranchCountyareahasbeenestablished,otherbodiesarenotentitledtoapplyforthecreditwithintheCounty.Doublebeforegoingthroughthepersonalcreditbusinesscreditinvestigation,Contracting,securityverification,creditcheck,keyaccountmanagershouldbedoublehandle.Banksupportsriskmanagers,loanreview,professional

Eg:

Thegang（犯罪团伙）isbeinghuntedbythepolice.

OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个别集体名词则多作复数看待。

Eg:

Thepolicearelookingforhim.

3物质名词:

指无法分为个体的物质。

Eg:

water;cake;cloth;cotton;;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil;

oil;coffee

一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。

A（个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。

Eg:

rains（雨季）sands（沙滩）snows（积雪）waters（海

域）…

4.抽象名词:

表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念

Eg:

education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;

truth,etc.

多数情况下，这种名词常用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。

Eg:

He’slearningFrenchforfun.

Iwishyougoodluck.

二、名词的数:

1.不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括抽象名词、物质名词

和专有名词。

Eg:

health,advice,glass,wood,English,America不可数名词作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。

2.可数名词有单、复数之分。

可数名词的复数形式有以下几种:

（1）规则变化:

情况加法例词

brothers;schools一般情况加-s

buses;watches;以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加-es

dishes词

ladies;countries以辅音，y结尾的词去y加-ies

Boys;ways;toys;以元音+y结尾的词加-s

plays

Potatoes;tomatoes;以o结尾的词有生命的词，加-es

heroes

Photos;pianos;zoos无生命的词，加-s

halves;leaves;以f或fe结尾的词把f/fe改成ves

thieves

注意:

1.stomach--stomachs

以f/ef尾只加-s的词:

proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;

chiefs

handkerchief（手帕，手绢）的复数形式两者都可以。

（2）不规则变化:

变内部元音:

foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,

man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemenpersonalcreditbusinessprocessmanagement,anddevelopmentofbusinessprocesses,cleartheloanobjectandscope,establishloanoperationofassessmentandaccountabilitymechanisms.DiversitymanagementprinciplestheBank'sstrictseparationbetweenbusinessandconsumeruseofpersonalcredit,thenaccordingtothedifferentvarietiesofbusinesstoestablishtheappropriateaccessstandard,post-lendingmanagementrequirements.BusinessusepersonalcreditshouldbestrictlyinaccordancewiththeqiluBank'ssmallbusinesscreditriskmanagementguidelinesandassociatedworkingcapitalloansmanagementrequirements,suchasassessingthemanagementofproductionandoperation,repaymentability,thelevelofrisk,andsoon.IncomedebtratiocontrolprincipleofBankincomedebtratiocontrolmechanism,combinedwiththeborrower'sincome,debt,expenditures,loans,guaranteesandotherfactors,determinestheloanamountandterm,controleachrepaymentdoesnotexceedtheamountoftheborrowerrepaymentability.Principlesoftrans-regionallimitsBranchesshallnotinprincipletooperatingincomemainlycomesfromoffsite（prefecture-levelcitiesandadministrativedivisionsatorabove）orinward（MS）chargeprovidedcreditsupportforindividualcustomersislocatedindifferentplaces,butexceptthosewithuniqueadvantagessuchascritical.Havesetupbranchesindifferentplaces,otherbodiesarenotentitledtocarryoutthebranchofcreditbusinessintheregion.BranchCountyareahasbeenestablished,otherbodiesarenotentitledtoapplyforthecreditwithintheCounty.Doublebeforegoingthroughthepersonalcreditbusinesscreditinvestigation,Contracting,securityverification,creditcheck,keyaccountmanagershouldbedoublehandle.Banksupportsriskmanagers,loanreview,professional

词尾加-en或ren:

ox-oxen,child-children

有些外来词的不规则复数形式:

Eg:

analysis-analyses;

basis-bases;thesis-theses;crisis-crises

criterion-criteria;phenomenon-phenomena;medium-media

单复数相同的情况:

sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;以及

由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。

Eg:

yuan,jiao,fen,jin

只有复数形式的情况:

trousers（裤子）;glasses（眼镜）;compasses（圆

规）thanks;clothes;goods;people;cattle“某国人”的复数形式:

•单、复数相同Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,…

•词尾加-sAfricans,Asians,Canadians,Australians,Italians,……

•变man为menEnglishman---Englishmen,Frenchman---Frenchmen

但:

German---Germans

复合名词的复数形式:

1.一般将主体名词变为复数。

father-in-law?

fathers-in-law,passer-by?

passers-by,looker-on?

lookers-on,editor-in-chief?

editors-in-chief

2.无主体名词的在词尾加复数。

如:

grown-ups,good-for-nothings（无用的人），go-betweens（中间人），look-outs（守望者）

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