译林牛津8 A课本U8 U8.docx
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译林牛津8A课本U8U8
译林牛津8AUnit8Naturaldisasters
【教材内容解析】
1.Comicstrip
(1)Didn’tyouheartherain?
(P.92)
这是一个否定疑问句,表示一种惊讶或者不快,否定疑问句意为“难道……不……吗?
”
Aren’tyouafraidofyourfather?
Don’tyouknowyoushouldfinishyourhomeworkontime?
(2)WhowillmopupthewaterifIgohomewithoutyou?
(P.92)
mop此处用作及物动词,意为“用拖把擦干净”,mopup意为“擦干、抹去”。
Theyaremoppingupthefloor.
2.Welcometotheunit
(1)Earthquakekillsthousandsofpeople.(P.93)
thousandsof表示“成千上万的”,后接可数名词复数形式,hundred,thousand,million,billion和具体数字连用时,用单数形式,只有与介词of连用,表示大约数字时,才能用复数形式。
Hundredsofbirdsareflyingthesky.
Therearetwothousandstudentsinmyschool.
(2)Coachcrashesintotree.(P.93)
crash这里用作不及物动词,意为“碰撞、撞击”,crashinto意为“撞上”。
Thecarcrashedonthebend.
Icrashedintoatreeandhurtmyknee.
(3)Floodwashesawayvillage.(P.93)
washaway表示“冲走”,代词作宾语只能放在两者之间,名词作宾语可以放在中间也可以放在后面。
Thefloodwashedthemaway.
Therainwashedawaytherubbishonthestreet.
(4)Lightningstartsbigfireinclassroombuilding.(P.93)
start此处用作及物动词,意为“引起、发起”,作不及物动词,表示“出发、动身、开始”。
Welovepeaceandwedon’twanttostartawar.
Schoolstartsat8o’clock.
Whenwillyoustartoff?
(5)DidyouhearaboutthefireataschoolintheUKlastweek.(P.93)
hearabout意为“听说”,相当于hearof,hearfrom意为“收到……的来信”。
Ineverheardabout/ofthatplace.
Iheardfrommyelderbrotherlastweek.
3.Reading
(1)Atfirst,Ifeltaslightshake.(P.94)
shake此处用作名词,表示“摇动、晃动”,还可以作动词,表示“摇动、振动”,shakehandswithsb.“与某人握手”。
Hegavethetreeashake.
Weusuallyshakinghandswhenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttime.
(2)Peoplescreamedinfear.(P.94)
infear意为“惊恐地”。
Thethiefshookinfeartoseethepolice.
Whentheyheardthestrangenoiselastnight,theylookedatmeinfear.
(3)Someranoutofthebuilding.Itriedmybesttorunouttoo,butIcouldn’t.(P.94)
runout意为“跑出去”,runoutof“从……跑出去”,另外,runout还可以表示“用完、用光”,runoutof“把……用完”。
Thegirlranoutoftheshoppingmallwhensheheardthenoise.
Timeisrunningout.Wemusthurryup.
Ifyourunoutofyourmoney,youcanaskmeforsome.
tryone’sbesttodosth.意为“尽最大努力做某事”,相当于doone’sbesttodosth.。
Weshouldtry/doourbesttolearnEnglishwell.
(4)Outside,peoplewererunninginalldirectionswhilepiecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.(P.94)
inalldirections表示“四面八方、在各个方向”,与ineverydirection同义。
Afterthegunshot,thebirdsareflyinginalldirections.
while作连词,意为“当……时候”,表示两个动作同时进行,也可以表示对比,意为“而”。
Myfatherwasreadingabookwhilemymotherwaswashingherhair.
WillyoupleaselookaftermydogwhileIamaway.
(5)Thenthewallsbegantocomedowntoo.(P.94)
comedown此处意为“倒塌”,也可以表示“下来、下降、下跌”。
Whendidthebridgecomedown?
Theraincomesdownintorrents.
Meatiscomingdowninprice.
(6)Icouldnotseeanythingatall.(P.94)
not...atall意为“根本不……、一点也不”。
Idon’tlikeBeijingoperaatall.
(7)...andIdidnotknowifanyoneelsewasnearme.(P.94)
if此处用作动词,意为“是否”,引导宾语从句。
Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.
【拓展】if表示“如果”时,引导条件状语从句,这时主句一般用将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Ifitisfinetomorrow,we’llhaveapicnic.
Idon’tknowifhewillcometomorrow.Ifhecomes,I’llcallyou.
(8)Ifeltnervousandmyheartwasbeatingfast.(P.94)
nervous作形容词,表示“紧张不安的”,benervousabout“对……感到紧张”。
Mostofthestudentsarenervousaboutthecomingexam.
beat作动词可以表示“(心脏、脉搏)跳动、敲打、打败”。
Afterrunning,yourheartusuallybeatsfaster.
Mybrotherlikesbeatingthedrum.
WebeatClass1atbasketball.
(9)“Iamtrapped,”Isaidtomyself.(P.94)
saytooneself意为“对自己说、自言自语”。
Helikessayingtohimself.
(10)Amomentoffearwentthroughmymind...(P.94)
gothrough表示“穿过、穿越”。
Theywentthroughaparktotheirschool.
【拓展】through,over和across辨析
through表示从物体内部空间穿过;over表示从物体上方越过;across表示从物体表面穿过。
Thesunshinesthroughthewindow.
Theplanefliesoverthecity.
Herunsacrosstheplayground.
(11)...butItoldmyselftocalmdownsinceIwasstillalive.(P.94)
calm此处用作动词,意为“使平静、使镇定”,calmdown“冷静、平静”。
Listeningtomusiccanmakeyoucalmdown.
Heisoutofcontrol.Youshouldcalmhimdown.
since此处意为“既然、由于、因为”,表示众所周知或者显而易见的原因,相当于as。
Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstarttheclassmeeting.
alive作形容词,表示“活着的、现存的”,常作表语,作定语时,需后置。
Thatfishwasstillalivewithoutwaterfortwohours.
(12)Ishoutedforhelp,butnooncame.(P.94)
shoutforhelp意为“喊救命”,相当于scream/cryforhelp,shout用作动词,表示“呼喊、叫喊”,shoutatsb.“朝某人大喊”。
Listen,someoneisshoutingforhelp.
Don’tshoutatothers.Itisimpolite.
(13)Hourslater,asIwastryingtofindmywayout...(P.94)
findone’swayout表示“找出路”。
Thefactorywasonfiresuddenlyandtheworkersweretryingtofindtheirwayout.
(14)Timmywasasleepwhentheearthquakestarted.(P.96)
asleep意为“睡着的”常作表语,fallasleep“入睡”。
Pleasedon’twakeherup.Sheisfastasleep.
4.Grammar
(1)Sandy,Isawyouandyourparentsstandingonthesideoftheroad.(P.97)
onthesideoftheroad“在路边”,onbothsidesoftheroad“在路的两边”,也可以说成oneach/eithersideoftheroad。
Themanisstandingonthesideoftheroad,waitingforthebus.
There’remanytreesonbothsidesoftheroad.
(2)Mydad’scarbrokedownbecauseofthecoldweather.(P.97)
breakdown表示“出故障、坏掉”,是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态中。
Wewerealllateforschoolyesterdaybecauseourschoolbusbrokedownontheway.
Theprintingmachinesarealwaysbreakingdown.
【拓展】break的相关短语
breakinto强行闯入breakin打断、插嘴breakout爆发breakawayfrom脱离
(3)Whenashorteractionhappenedatthesametimeasalongeraction...(P.98)
atthesametime“同时”。
Theyputuptheirhandsatthesametime.
5.Integratedskills
(1)Trytogetoutassoonaspossible.(P.99)
as...aspossible意为“尽可能……”相当于as...asonecan,两个as中间用形容词或者副词原级。
Mymotherasksustocomehomeasearlyaspossible.
Youshouldstudyashardasyoucan.
(2)Coveryourmouthandnosewithawettoweltoprotectyourselffromthicksmoke.(P.99)
protect...from/against...意为“保护……免受……”。
Thefarmerthoughtupallwaystoprotectplantsfromfrost.
Whatcanwomendotoprotectthemselvesfromheartdisease.
(3)Stayawayfromawindow.(P.100)
stayawayfrom意为“远离……、不靠近……”,相当于keepawayfrom。
Thatdogmaybiteyou.Pleasekeepawayfromit.
6.Studyskills
(1)toothache(P.101)
toothache意为“牙疼”,toothache是tooth和ache的合成词,类似的还有headache,backache,stomachache。
Ihadatoothacheyesterday.
7.Task
(1)Inearlyfellover.(P.102)
nearly作副词,意为“几乎、将近”。
Nearlythreeweekshaspassed.
【拓展】nearly与almost的辨析
一般情况下,两者可以互换,但是almost可用于any以及no,none,nobody,nothing,never等否定词之前,但nearly一般不这样用;nearly前可用very,pretty,not等词修饰,但almost之前不能用这些词。
Almostanymancandoit.
Almostnoonecametotheparty.
It’snotnearlysodifficultasyouthink.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
一、重点短语
1.thousandsof成千上万
2.washaway冲走
3.inalldirections四面八方
4.comedown崩塌
5.not...atall一点也不
6.catchfire着火
7.findone’swayout找到出路
8.becauseof因为,由于
9.as...aspossible尽可能...
10.breakdown出故障,坏掉
11.mopup擦干,抹去
12.hearabout/of听说
13.infear处于恐慌中
14.runout跑出去;用光
15.saytooneself自言自语
16.gothrough穿过
17.calmdown冷静;平静
18.shoutforhelp喊救命
19.findone’swayout找出路
20.betrapped被困
21.atthesametime同时
22.learnfrom从……中学习
23.onfire着火
24.stayawayfrom远离
25.crashinto撞上
26.cover...with...用……覆盖……
27.protect...from...保护……免受……
二、重点句型
1.tryone’sbesttodosth.尽力做某事
2.keep+宾语+宾补使……怎么样
3.seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事
4.asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事
5.havetodosth.不得不做某事
6.when...did,...was/weredoing当……时候,正在……
7.while...was/weredoing,...did当正在……,这时……
8.while...was/weredoing,...was/weredoing正在……,而正在……
【语法讲解】
(一)when,while和as的用法区别
(1)when“当…..时候”,可指时间点/时间段,从句中的谓语动词可用延续性动词/非延续性动词.这些
动词可以表示动作/状态.从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生,也可在主句动作之前或之后发
生.
IcametothisschoolwhenIwas14yearsold.
Thestudentsweretalkingnoisilywhentheteachercamein.
(2)While“在…..的时候,在…..期间”,他总是指一个时间段,从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程中.
Iwascookingsupperwhilehewasplayingthepiano.
Theteachercameinwhilethestudentsweretalkingnoisily.
(3)as引导时间状语从句,作”当…..的时候”解,有”随着…..”之意,与while的意义相近,强调两个
动同时发生;或某事一发生,另一事立即发生.
Heshoutedaloudasheranalong.
【提醒】固定句型结构
(1).过去进行时(主句)+while+过去进行时(从句)
(2).一般过去时(主句)+while+过去进行时(从句)
(3).过去进行时(主句)+when+一般过去时(从句)
(4).一般过去时(主句)+as+一般过去时(从句)
(二)过去进行时
(1)过去进行时的概念
过去进行时表示在过去某个时间或某个时间段正在进行的动作.
(2).过去进行时的用法
1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.
Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?
2.)表示过去某一时间段内一直正在进行的动作
WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.
(3).过去进行时中常用的时间状语:
atthattime,at9lastnight,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening等;也可与时间状语从句连用,:
whenIsawhim,whilehewaswalking;还可以通过上下文的暗示:
WewerehavinganEnglishclassatthattime.
Hewasplayingwithhisclassmatesat4:
30yesterdayafternoon.
Wereyoudoingyourhomeworkwhenyourfathergothome?
DadwascookingwhileMumwaswashingclothes.