水利水文术语表 中英对照.docx
《水利水文术语表 中英对照.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《水利水文术语表 中英对照.docx（66页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
水利水文术语表中英对照
水圈hydrosphere
水体waterbody
水科学waterscience
水文学hydrology
陆地水文学landhydrology
应用水文学appliedhydrology
工程水文学engineeringhydrology
水汽watervapour
水文要素hydrologicelements
积雪snowcover
终雪latestsnow
融雪snowmelt
冰雹hail
截留interception
填洼depressiondetention
地面滞留surfacedetention
陆面蒸发evaporationofland
水面蒸发evaporationofwatersurface
土壤蒸发evaporationfromsoil
散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration
蒸发能力evaporationcapability
下渗（入渗）infiltration
稳渗steadyinfiltration
下渗能力infiltrationcapability
河川径流riverrunoff
降雨径流rainfallrunoff
暴雨径流stormrunoff
融雪径流snowmeltrunoff
枯季径流dryseasonrunoff
基流baseflow
阴塞高压blockinghigh
低空急流low－leveljet
低涡vortex
反气旋（高压）anticyclone
气旋（低压）cyclone
热带气旋tropiccyclone
热带低压tropicdepression
热带风暴tropicstorm
强热带风暴severetropicstorm
气团airmass
锋（锋面）front
气象meteorology
气候区划climaticregionalization
气候带climaticzone
小气候microclimate
副热带（亚热带）subtropiczone
比湿specifichumidity
蒲福风级Beaufortwindscale
霜点frostpoint
霜冻frostbite
无霜期frost－freeperiod
流域watershed（basin）
闭合流域enclosedbasin
不闭合流域non－enclosedbasin
闭流区（内流区）blingdrainagearea
分水线（分水岭）divide
流域几何特征basingeometriccharacteristics
河道复流（河道再生）resurgence
常年河perennialstream
间歇河intermittentstream
悬河（地上河）elevatedstream
夺流河（断头河）capturedriver
盈水河gainingstream
亏水河losingstream
暴洪河流flashystream
界河boundaryriver
废河道（古河道）deadriver
凹岸concavebank
凸岸convexbank
岸壁landwall
水边线（岸线）waterline
堤防levee
河长riverlength
河弯riverbend
弯曲率tortuosity
航道navigablechannel
河段reach
潜洲submergedbar
水利学hydraulics
明渠水力学openchannelhydraulics
水静力学hydrostatics
水动力学hydrodynamics
明渠水流openchannelflow
恒定流steadyflow
非恒定流unsteadyflow
均匀流（等速流）uniformflow
非均匀流（变速流）non－uniformflow
急流supercriticalflow
缓流subcriticalflow
异重流densitycurrent
临界流criticalflow
临界水深criticaldepth
临界流速criticalvelocity
临界流量criticaldischarge
水头head
位置水头（位能）elevationhead
低强水头（压能）pressurehead
流速水头（动能）velocityhead
雷诺数Reymoldnumber
韦伯数Webernumber
水力因素hydraulicfactor
湿周wettedperimeter
水力半径hydraulicradius
宽深比width－depthratio
落差fall
驻波standingwave
移动波translationwave
河流动力学riverdynamics
山洪侵蚀torrentialerosion
流域产沙量watershedsedimentyield
溶解性总固体totaldissolvedsolids
离子含量ionconcentration
离子总量totalionconcentration
离子流量iondischarge
矿化度mineralcontent
盐度salinity
碱度alkalinity
酸度acidity
电导率electricconductivity
混浊度（浊度）turbidity
总需氧量totaloxygendemand
溶解氧dissolvedoxygen
需氧量oxygendemand
生化需氧量biochemicaloxygendemand
滑雪需氧量chemicaloxygendemand
硬度hardness
非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonatehardness
浮冰floatingice
锚冰anchorice
封冻期freeze－upperiod
封冻（封河）freeze－up
平封flatfreeze－up
立封uprightfreeze－up
冰盖icecover
连底冻groundedicecover
冰丘icemound
封冻冰缘iceedgeoffreeze－up
清沟lead
初生清沟primarylead
再生清沟secondarylead
冰花路毡sludgeroadfelt
冰上覆雪snowcoveroverice
冰脊iceridge
冰缝crack
悬冰suspendedicecover
冰堆icepack
冰塞icejam
冰上结冰aufeis
解冻期break－upperiod
冰变色colorchangeoficecover
冰上有水accumulationofmeltwater
月中天lunartransit
引潮力tidalgenerationforce
天文潮astronomictide
气象潮metorologictide
潮汐周期tidalcycle
半日潮semidiurnaltide
全日潮diurnaltide
混合潮mixedtide
大潮springtide
小潮neaptide
中潮moderatetide
太阴月lunarday
潮期durationoftide
涨潮历时durationoftidalrise
落潮历时durationoftidalfall
潮流tidalcurrent
涨潮流floodtidalcurrent
落潮流ebbtidalcurrent
憩流slacktide
潮流速tidalvelocity
往复流reversingcurrent
旋转流rotarycurrent
潮流期durationoftidalcurrent
涨潮流历时durationoffloodcurrent
地下水流速velocityofgroundwaterflow
地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）
hydraulicgradientofgroundwater
地下水等水位线图water－tablecontourmap
含水层aquifer
含水岩系water－contentrockseries
含水岩组water－contentrockformation
含水岩性water－contentrockproperty
含水介质water－hearingmedium
均匀介质homogeneousmedium
非均匀介质inhomogeneousmedium
含水层边界aquiferboundary
透水边界permeableboundary
隔水边界confiningboundary
弱透水边界acquittedboundary
透水层permeablebed
隔水层confiningbed
弱透水层acquitter
水文地质参数hydrogeologicalparameters
渗透系数permeabilitycoefficient
导水系数（释水系数）
coefficientoftransmissivity
贮水系数storativity
水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）
coefficientofwatertableconductivity
压力传导系数
coefficientofpressureconductivity
持水度water－holdingcapacity
土壤水分常数soilmoistureconstants
土壤吸湿系数absorptioncoefficientofsoilmoisture
凋萎系数wiltingcoefficient
田间持水量fieldcapacity
毛管断裂含水量
moisturecontentatcapillaryrupture
最大水分吸水量
maximummolecularmoisturecontent
零通量面法zerofluxplanemethod
潜水phreaticwater
降水入渗补给precipitationrecharge
降水入渗补给系数coefficientofprecipitationrecharge
地表水补给surfacewaterrecharge
凝结水补给condensationrecharge
侧向补给lateralrecharge
越流补给leakagerecharge
灌溉补给系数irrigationrechargecoefficientofgroundwater
潜水蒸发phreaticwaterevaporation
潜水蒸发临界深度criticaldepthofphreaticwaterevaporation
潜水溢出量phreaticwateroverflowtosurface
潜水位phreaticwaterlevel
潜水埋深burieddepthofphreaticwaterlevel
潜水含水层厚度thicknessofphreaticwateraquifer
内流湖endorheiclake
淡水湖freshlake
咸水湖saltlake
盐湖salinelake
季节性湖泊seasonallake
富营养湖泊eutrophiclake
贫营养湖泊poornutrientlake
湖流lakecurrent
梯度流gradientcurrent
漂流currentoffriction
湖泊波漾（假湖）lakeseiche
湖泊增减水lakewinddenivellation
湖泊率lakeratio
湖泊补给系数rechargecoefficientoflake
湖泊换水周期lakeresidenceperiod
湖盆lakebasin
湖面高程elevationofwaterlevelinlake
岛屿率insulosity
湖泊分层lakelayering
正温层directthermalstratification
逆温层inversethermalstratification
湖泊形态参数morphometricparameteroflake
高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）mainlevelmire
中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）mediumlevelmire
沼泽水量平衡waterbalanceofmire
沼泽水mirewater
沼泽蒸发mireevaporation
沼泽径流mirerunoff
沼泽表面流surfaceflowofmire
沼泽表层流surfacelayerflowofmire
沼泽含水性moisturepropertyofmire
沼泽持水性waterretentionofmire
沼泽透水性perviousnessofmire
沼泽率mireratio
冰川glacier
山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountainglacier
谷冰川valleyglacier
宽尾冰川broad－tailglacier
冰斗冰川cirqueglacier
悬冰川hangingglacier
贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetratingglacier
冰原icefield
冰川平衡线equilibriumlineofglacier
委托观测entrustgauging
水文仪器hydrologicinstrument
直读仪器direct－readinginstrument
自记仪器automatic－recordinginstrument
遥测仪器remotetelemetryunit
固态存贮器solidstorage
计数器counter
记录器recorder
显示器displayunit
平均无故障工作时间
meantimebetweenfailures
相应水位equivalentstage
水文测站hydrometricstation
基本站basicstation
辅助站auxiliarystation
专用站specialstation
水文试验站hydraulicexperimentalstation
基准水文站benchmarkhydrologicstation
水文气象站hydrometeorologystation
巡测站tourgaugingstation
水文站gaugingstation
雨量站网raingaugingnetwork
水面蒸发站网
watersurfaceevaporationnetwork
水位站网stagegaugingnetwork
泥沙站网sedimentgaugingnetwork
水质站网waterqualitynetwork
地下水观测井网
groundwatervoservationwellnetwork
站网规划hydrologicnetworkplanning
水文分区hydrologicregionalization
站网布设networklayout
容许最稀站网minimumnetwork
设站年限stationrequiredage
基面datum
临时水准点temporarybenchmark
测验断面measuringcross－section
基本水尺断面basicgaugecross－section
流速仪测流断面
current－metermeasuringcross－section
浮标测流断面floatmeasuringcross－section
比降水尺断面slopemeasuringcross－section
辅助水尺断面
secondarygaugingcross－section
临时测流断面
temporarymeasuringcross－section
水文缆道hydrometriccableway
悬索缆道suspendedcableway
悬杆缆道suspendedrodcableway
机动缆道motorizedcableway
手动缆道hand－operatingcableway
循环索loopcable
起重索suspensioncable
水文缆车hydrometriccablecar
吊船过河索cablewayforanchoringboat
缆道测验仪cablewaymeasuringdevice
水文测船hydrometricboat
水文测桥hydrometricbridge
桥测车gaugingvehicleonbridge
水文巡测车
tourgaugingvehicleforhygrometry
雨量器raingauge
承水器raingaugereceiver
量杯measuringglass
渠积雨量器accumulativeraingauge
雨量计rainfallrecorder
虹吸式雨量计siphonrainfallrecorder
翻斗式雨量计
tipping－bucketrainfallrecorder
长期雨量计long－termrainfallrecorder
遥测雨量计telemeteringrainfallrecorder
测雨雷达precipitation－monitoringradar
雪量线snowgauge
雨雪量计rainandsnowrecorder
蒸发量evaporation
蒸发量观测evaporationobservation
蒸发量折算系数
reductioncoefficientofevaporation
遮挡率screenratio
蒸发器evaporationpan
小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）smallevaporationpan
E－601型蒸发器
evaporationpanoftypeE－601
漂浮蒸发器floatingevaporationpan
蒸发计evaporimeter
遇测蒸发计telemeteringevaporimeter
钩形水尺hookgauge
最高水位水尺creststagegauge
校核水尺checkgauge
基本水尺断面basicgauge
辅助水尺断面auxiliarygauge
比降水尺断面slopegauge
临时水尺temporarygauge
水位计stagegauge
自记水位计stagerecorder
浮子式水位计float－typestagerecorder
压力式水位计pressure－typestagerecorder
超声波水位计ultrasonicstagerecorder
遥测水位计telemeteringstagerecorder
接触试水位计contact－typestagerecorder
远传水位计telecontrolstagerecorder
自记水位计台stagerecorderinstallation
静水井stillingwell
测得水深measureddepth
有效水深effectivedepth
相对水深relativedepth
断面平均水深meandepthatacross－section
干绳改正airlinecorrection
湿绳改正wetlinecorrection
测点流速velocitymeasurement
测速垂线surfacevelocity
水面流速velocityatapoint
测点流速maximumpointvelocity
最大测点流速velocity－measuringvertical
垂线平均流速meanvelocityatavertical
部分平均流速meanvelocityatasegment
断面平均流速cross－sectionvelocitydistribution
浮标流速pointvelocitycoefficient
中泓流速surfacevelocitycoefficient
流速分布velocitydistribution
流速梯度velocitygradient
垂线流速分布verticalvelocitydistribution
断面流速分布cross－sectionvelocitydistribution
水面流速分布surfacevelocitycoefficient
顺流downstreamflow
逆流upstreamflow
流速脉动velocitypulsation
中泓流速midstream
流向测量flow－directionmeasurement
体积法cubature
流速仪current－meter
转子式流速仪
rotating－elementcurrent－meter
旋杯式流速仪cup－typecurrent－meter
旋桨式流速仪propeller－typecurrent－meter
电波流速仪electricwavecurrent－meter
超声波剖面流速仪
ultrasonicprofilecurrent－meter
多普勒流速仪Dopplercurrent－meter
参证流速仪referencecurrent－meter
流量计flowmeter
文杜里水流计Venturiflowmeter
毕托管Pitottube
流速仪检定curren
升级会员 