广东省中山市学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题.docx

广东省中山市学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题.docx

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广东省中山市学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

广东省中山市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

学校:

___________姓名：

___________班级：

___________考号：

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一、阅读选择

HowisitthattheUnitedStatesspendsthemostmoneyonhealthcare,andyetstillhastheoneofthelowestlifeexpectancies（预期寿命）ofalldevelopednations?

Tofinditout,researchersfromtheHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealthlookedatthegreatinfluenceofhealthyhabitsonlifeexpectancy,usingdataonahugenumberofpeopleoveraverylongperiodoftime.

Whatisahealthylifestyle,exactly?

1.Healthydiet,whichwascalculatedandratedbasedonthereportedintakeofhealthyfoodslikevegetables,fruits,nuts,wholegrains,healthyfats,andomega-3fattyacids.

2.Healthyphysicalactivitylevel,whichwasmeasuredasatleast30minutesperdayofactivity

3.Healthybodyweightdefinedasanormalbodymassindex（BMI）（身体质量指数）whichisbetween18.5and24.9.

4.Smoking,well,thereisnohealthyamountofsmoking."Healthy"heremeantneverhavingsmoked.

Doesahealthylifestylemakeadifference?

Absolutelyyes.Accordingtothisanalysis,peoplewhohadallthefourhabitsenjoyedimpressivelylongerlivesthanthosewhohadnone:

14yearsforwomenand12yearsformen（iftheyhadthesehabitsatage50）.Justonehealthyhabit（anditdidn'tmatterwhichone）...justone...increasedlifeexpectancybytwoyearsinmenandwomen.Notsurprisingly,themorehealthyhabitspeoplehad,thelongertheirlife.

Sowhat'sour（big）problem?

Astheresearcherspointout,intheUSwetendtospendmoreondevelopingfancydrugsandothertreatmentsfordiseases,ratherthanontryingtopreventthem.Thisisabigproblem.

Expertshavesuggestedthatthebestwaytohelppeoplemakehealthydietandlifestylechangeisthroughpublichealtheffortsandpolicychanges.

1．Howdidresearchersstudytheinfluenceofhealthyhabitsonlifeexpectancy?

A．Byanalysingdata.

B．Byraisingquestions.

C．Byexchanginginformation

D．Bycomparingdevelopedcountries.

2．Whichpersonmighthaveahealthylifestyleaccordingtothepassage?

A．Atranslatorwhoexercises2hoursaweek.

B．Alibrarianwhosmokes,butnotheavily.

C．Astewardwhodrinkswineeveryday.

D．AshopassistantwhoseBMIis19.5.

3．WhatisthebigproblemintheUSaccordingtotheresearchers?

A．Changinglawsrelatedtolifestyle.

B．Reducingmoneyontreatingpatients.

C．Stayingfocusedondrugdevelopment.

D．Spendingmuchondiseaseprevention.

WhilecoffeeisthemorningdrinkformanyAmericans,manyBritsprefertogoforacupoftea.Youwon'toftenseeuscarryingwhitecupsofcoffeeacrossthestreetduringrushhour.Instead,wedrinkteaathome,atraditionthatstartsthedayproperly.InmyhomeandmanyotherhomesintheUK,thefirstpersontowakeuphastomakethecupsofteaforthefamily.

TeahasbecomepartofourcultureandoneofpopularstereotypesaboutBritishpeopleisthattheyoftenhaveafternoonteawithsandwichesandcakes.Inreality,teaisadrinkBritishpeoplecanhaveanytimeofthedaytohelpthemwakeup,warmup,orrelax.

WhenIfirstcametoChinaandorderedtea,Iwasinforabigsurpriseandwasintroducedtoawholenewworldoftea.IntheUK,itiscommontodrinkblacktea,whichisimportedfromAfrica,India,andSriLanka.Itisverystrongandbitter,atastewhichBritishpeopledon'toftenenjoy,sopeopleoftenaddmilkandsugartocreateasweeter,lessstrongflavor.

InChina,however,therearewiderrangesofteaavailableandeachisenjoyedwithoutaddinganything.Thereisnoteabag,andcertainlynomilkorsugar,inthesebeverages（饮料）Andpeopleloveit.However,forsomeonewhoisusedtoteabeingsweet,ittakessometimetogetusedtoteawithoutsugarandmilk.

Whileblackteaisstillthemostpopular,greenteahasbeengettingmorepopularintheUKbecausepeoplearebecomingmoreaware（意识到的）ofitshealthbenefits.Butthetraditionoftheteabagisstillgoing—it'sharderforustohaveloosetealeavesthantogiveupsugarandmilkwhendrinkinggreentea.

4．WhatdomanyBritishpeopleprefertodointhemorning?

A．Drinkcoffeeathome.

B．Getupearlytomaketea.

C．Drinkteawithsugarandmilk.

D．Rushtoworkwithacupofcoffee

5．Theunderlinedword"stereotypes"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“_______”.

A．fixedideasB．strongfeelings

C．deepconcernsD．commonmistakes

6．WhatsurprisedherwhentheauthorfirstcametoChina?

A．ThestrongandbittertasteofChinesetea.

B．Thevarietiesofteaandwaysofdrinkingit.

C．ThefactthatfewChinesepeopledrinkblacktea.

D．Thefactthatnosugarisavailableinsomeplaces.

7．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

A．It'sbettertodrinkloosetealeaves.

B．Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsugar.

C．It'shardtokeepthetraditionoftheteabag.

D．MoreandmoreBritsaredrinkinggreentea.

Paintingsandsculpturescanbeafeastfortheeyesofvisitorstoartmuseums,buttodaytheirviewingisalsoanunconventionaltreatmentforpeoplewithmentalillness.

Lastmonth,agroupofCanadiandoctorsstartedtowriteanewkindofprescription（处方）,whichgivespatientsfreeaccesstotheMontrealMuseumofFineArts（MMFA）.There,theywillhavea"relaxing,revitalizingexperience"lookingatthemuseum'scollections,accordingtoMMFA．

NathalieBondil,themuseum'sdirectorgeneral,believesthatbeingincontactwithcultureandartscanhelpwithwellbeing."Inthe21stcentury,culturewillbewhatphysicalactivitywasforhealthinthe20thcentury,"shesaid.

Eachprescriptionwillallownotonlythepatientsbutalsotheirfamiliesorfriendstogowiththem.Inthemuseum,thevisitorcanappreciatetheartworks,andtakepartinawiderangeofactivitiesincludingdrawing,sewing（缝纫）andmakingasculpturewithrecycledmaterials.

Thenewtreatmentissaidtobethefirstofitskindintheworld.Butthere'sincreasingevidencethatthedisplayofvisualart,especiallyartdepicting（描绘）nature,canhavepositiveeffectsonpeoplewithdepression,anxietyandself-esteem（自尊）problems.

In2017,theUK'sAllPartyParliamentaryGrouponArts,HealthandWellbeing（APPGAHW）alsoreleasedareportstatingthat"thetimehascometorecognisethepowerfulcontributiontheartscanmaketoourhealthandwellbeing".

Isitpossibleforarttoimproveoverallhealth?

Wemaynotknowtheansweryet.Butonethingiscertain,moreandmorepeopletodayarepersuadedbytheideathat"artisgoodmedicine".

8．WhatprescriptiondidthegroupofCanadiandoctorsgivetomentalpatients?

A．Getconventionaltreatment.

B．Relaxbyexperiencingnature.

C．Joininsomephysicalactivities.

D．Appreciatepaintingsandsculptures.

9．WhatmightNathalieagreewith?

A．Contactingcultureandartscanmakepeoplerich.

B．Visitingartmuseumscanhelpkeeppeoplehealthy.

C．Culturewillreplacephysicalactivitiesinthe21stcentury

D．Mentalpatientsshouldgotomuseumswiththeirfamilies.

10．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtreatment?

A．Itcanhelpwithmentalproblems.

B．Nothinghasproveditrightsofar.

C．Itwasusedbeforebyvisualartists.

D．APPGAHWdoubteditsvalue.

11．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A．WillMMFAbeopentopatients?

B．Isthereanewtreatmentforartists?

C．Willfineartsimprovementalhealth?

D．Isthereabettermedicinethanart?

Wetakeforgrantedmanyofthematerialsusedinmodernlife.However,withoutmajoradvancesinchemistry,manyeverydaythingswouldnotexist.Thisiswhytheinventionoftheperiodictableoftheelements（元素周期表）wassoimportant.Itreallyopenedthedoortomanyfutureachievementsinchemistryandisstillverymuchinusetoday.

DmitriMendeleev（1834-1907）ofRussiaiscreditedwiththeinventionofthefirstreliableperiodictable.Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,only63elementshadbeenfound.Mendeleevwaseagertoincreaseourknowledgeofthem.Hewrotedowntheatomicmass（原子质量）ofeachelementoncardsandreorganisedthemagainandagain.Afterseveralmonths,herealizedthatthephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofelementswererelatedtotheiratomicmass.Sohelinedthemupinorderoftheiratomicmassfromlighttoheavyandthenputthosewithsimilarcharacteristicsincolumns.

Mendeleev’sroadtosciencesuccesswasn’taneasyone.Helosthisfatheratayoungageandhislargefamilywaspoor.Luckily,hehadastrong-willedmotherwhomadehiseducationhertoppriority（优先的事）.ShemovedseveraltimessothatMendeleevcouldgotoagooduniversity.Afterbeingrejectedmanytimes,Mendeleevbeganhisstudiesin1850.

Unfortunately,thiswasn’ttheendofhistroubles.Mendeleevsufferedfromaseriousillnessformanyyears,duringwhichtimeheworkedfrombed.Inspiteofhismisfortunes,Mendeleevwasabletomakegreatachievementsinsciencethroughhisdeterminationtosucceedinhiswork.

Mendeleevwasnotonlyanexcellentchemist,butalsoapioneerinshipbuildingandevensuitcase-making.Hefoundaspecialmaterialthathelpedhimmakeexcellentsuitcasesthatwerehighlyvalued.Andhealsohadahandinbuildingtheworld’sfirstArcticicebreaker,theYermak.Itplayedavitalpartinthedevelopmentofmodernscientificshippingfortradeandwar.

12．Whydoestheauthormention“everydaythings”inthefirstparagraph?

A．Toshowacommonmistake.

B．Tointroduceagreatchemist

C．Togiveexamplesofmaterials.

D．Toexplaintheworkofinventors.

13．WhatmajorcontributiondidMendeleevmaketochemistry?

A．Hestudiedthecharacteristicsofelements.

B．Hefound63elementsinthe19thcentury.

C．Hemadethefirstreliableperiodictable.

D．Hewrotedowneachelementoncards.

14．WhathelpedMendeleevonhisroadtosciencesuccess?

A．Thelossofhisfather.

B．Thestr