英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版.docx
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英语专业八级真题完整答案及详细解析word版
TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS（2011）
GRADEEIGHTTIMELIMIT:
195MIN
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE
Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.SomeofthegapsmayrequireamaximumofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword（s）youfillinis（are）bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.
Now,listentothemini-lecture.
ClassificationsofCultures
AccordingtoEdwardHall,differentculturesresultindifferentideasabouttheworld.Hallisananthropologist.Heisinterestedinrelationsbetweencultures.
I.High-contextculture
A.feature
-context:
moreimportantthanthemessage
-meaning:
（1）__________
i.e.moreattentionpaidto
（2）___________thantothemessageitself
B.examples
-personalspace
-preferencefor（3）__________
-lessrespectforprivacy/personalspace
-attentionto（4）___________
-conceptoftime
-beliefin（5）____________interpretationoftime
-noconcernforpunctuality
-nocontrolovertime
II.Low-contextculture
A.feature
-message:
separatefromcontext
-meaning:
（6）___________
B.examples
-personalspace
-desire/respectforindividuality/privacy
-lessattentiontobodylanguage
-moreconcernfor（7）___________
-attitudetowardtime
-conceptoftime:
（8）____________
-dislikeof（9）_____________
-timeseenascommodity
III.Conclusion
Awarenessofdifferentculturalassumptions
-relevanceinworkandlife
e.g.business,negotiation,etc.
-（10）_____________insuccessfulcommunication
SECTIONBINTERVIEW/CONVERSATIONInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.
Now,listentotheinterview.
1.AccordingtoDr.Harley,whatmakeslanguagelearningmoredifficultafteracertainage?
A.Differencesbetweentwolanguages.
B.Decliningcapacitytolearnsyntax.
C.Lackoftimeavailable.
D.Absenceofmotivation.
参考答案：
B
TIP：
答案选B。
Harley博士提到有研究表明，语言特别是句法方面的学习在12岁以后更难。
2.WhatdoestheexampleofCzechspeakersshow?
A.It'snaturalforlanguagelearnerstomakeerrors.
B.Differencesbetweenlanguagescausedifficulty.
C.ThereexistdifferencesbetweenEnglishandCzech.
D.Difficultystemsfromeitherdifferenceorsimilarity.
参考答案：
D
TIP：
答案选D。
Harley博士提到有研究发现学习英语的捷克人会在相同的捷克语和英语句法上犯错，因此证明了语言学习者的困难也可能来自相似性。
3.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoesNOTadvocatespeaking?
A.Thetraditionalmethod.
B.Theaudiolingualmethod.
C.Theimmersionmethod.
D.Thedirectmethod.
参考答案：
A
TIP：
答案选A。
因为其他三种方法都要求或强调口语，而传统方法强调语法教学。
4.Whichhypothesisdealswiththeroleoflanguageknowledgeinthelearningprocess?
A.Theacquisitionandlearningdistinctionhypothesis.
B.Thecomprehensibleinputhypothesis.
C.Themonitorhypothesis.
D.Theactivefilterhypothesis.
参考答案：
C
TIP：
答案选C。
当Harley博士在解释monitorhypothesis时，他提到monitor会使用语法规则，电台主持人向他确认是否这意味着学习者运用语言知识确保所说和所写的正确无误，Harley博士的回答是肯定的。
5.WhichofthefollowingtopicsisNOTdiscussedduringtheinterview?
A.Causesoflanguagelearningdifficulties.
B.Differencesbetweenmothertongueandasecondlanguage.
C.Theoreticalconceptualizationofsecondlanguagelearning.
D.Pedagogicalimplementationofsecondlanguageteaching.
参考答案：
B
TIP：
答案选B。
其他三项在对话中均有提及，D项没有提及。
script:
Woman:
Goodmorning,Dr.Harley!
Thankyouverymuchforcomingonourradiotalk.Weknowthatyou'reanappliedlinguistspecializinginsecondlanguageacquisition.
Dr.Harley:
Right!
Woman:
So,today,um,we'lllookatthisissue.Now,first,Dr.Harley,couldyoupleasetelluswhatissecondlanguageacquisition?
Dr.Harley:
Well,secondlanguageacquisitionis...happenswhenachildoradulthasalreadybecomecompetentatalanguage.Andthen,um,theyattempttolearnanother.
Woman:
OK,mostpeoplethink,includingme,itisdifficulttolearnanotherlanguage.Whatarethereasons?
Whyisitso?
Dr.Harley:
Well,thereareanumberofreasonsforthis.Huh,first,therehavebeenresearchstudies.Theyhaveshownthatsomeaspectsoflanguagelearningespeciallysyntaxaremoredifficultbeyondacertainage,say,afteraround12yearsofage.
Woman:
So,ageplaysanimportantroleinlanguagelearning?
Dr.Harley:
Yes.Butthat'snottheonlyreason.
Woman:
Oh,isthatso?
Dr.Harley:
Yes,forexample,huh,timeandinterest.Allchildrenandadultsoftenhavelesstimeandmotivationtolearnasecondlanguage.
Woman:
Mm…
Dr.Harley:
Anotherisrelatedtothesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenone'smothertongueandasecondlanguage.Wefindthelearnerswillexperiencedifficultywhentheirmothertongueandthesecondlanguagethey'relearningdiffer.Ingeneral,themoreidiosyncraticafeatureisinaparticularlanguagerelativetootherlanguages,themoredifficultitwillbetoacquire.
Woman:
Perhapsthisisthekeyissue.Differencesbetweenlanguagescauselanguagelearningproblems.
Dr.Harley:
Well,thismaybeoneoftheissueshere.Butthiscannotbethewholestory,asnotalldifferencesbetweenlanguagescausedifficulty.Letmegiveyouanexample.
Woman:
OK.
Dr.Harley:
ResearchhasfoundthatmanyerrorsbyCzechspeakerslearningEnglishweremadeonsyntacticconstructionsinwhichthetwolanguagesdonotdiffer.
Woman:
Oh,really?
Thepictureismorecomplicatedthanwe'veimagined.
Dr.Harley:
Definitelyyes.Eachlanguagelearningsituationisdifferent.Soreasonsvaryalotfromcasetocase.
Woman:
Now,Dr.Harley,sincelearningasecondlanguageisadifficultprocess,youknow,inonewayoranother,arethereanymethodssofar,effectivemethodstoteachasecondlanguage?
Dr.Harley:
Thereagain,nomethodisabsolutelyeffectiveinallsituations.Somemayproveeffective,othersmaynot.Imeanalldependingonspecificconditions.Butgenerallyspeaking,thereareanumberofmethodsthathavebeenusedtoteachasecondlanguage.
Woman:
Couldyoumentionafew?
Dr.Harley:
Forinstance,there'sthetraditionalmethod.Thismethodisbasedontranslationfromonelanguagetoanother.Anditemphasizesgrammarteaching.Andthenyouhavedirectmethodswhichfocusesonconversationalskillsandallteachingmustbecarriedoutinthesecondlanguage.
Woman:
Oh,Isee.Anyothermethods?
Dr.Harley:
Yes,forexample,theaudio-lingualmethod.Thismethodemphasizesspeakingandlisteningbeforereadingandwriting.
Woman:
Howinteresting!
Dr.Harley:
Thenyouhavetheimmersionmethod.Thismethodteacheslearnersexclusivelythroughthemediumofthesecondlanguage.
Woman:
How?
Dr.Harley:
Well,itsimplymeansthatyoucannotspeakmothertongue.Everythingmustbedoneinthelanguageyou'relearning.Tome,themostnaturalmethodoflearninganewlanguageiswhatIcallsubmersion.Thatis,togotothatcountryandbesurroundedexclusivelybyspeakersofthatlanguage.
Woman:
ThankyouverymuchDr.Harleyforintroducingsomeofthelanguageteachingmethods.Nowlet'smoveontosomethingabittheoretical.Sincesecondlanguageacquisitionandteachingareafascinatingareaforresearchers,arethereanytheoriestoexplainsecondlanguageacquisition?
Dr.Harley:
Yes,manytheoriesandmodelshavebeenputforwardbyresearcherssofar.Today,I'dliketomentionthefivehypothesesproposedbyStevenKrashen.
Woman:
OK.
Dr.Harley:
ThefivehypothesesformwhathecallstheMonitorModelofsecondlanguagelearning.
Woman:
Whatdoesitmean?
Dr.Harley:
OK,thefirsthypothesisistheAcquisitionandLearningDistinctionHypothesis.AccordingtoKrashen,childrenacquiretheirfirstlanguagelargelyunconsciouslyandautomatically.Butadultscouldonlylearnasecondlanguageconsciouslyandeffortfully.Andadultscouldindeedacquirethesecondlanguage,atleastinpart.
Woman:
Right.Thenwhat'shissecondhypothesis?
Dr.Harley:
HissecondhypothesisistheNaturalOrderinAcquisitionHypothesis.Basically,hemeansthattheorderingwhichlearnersacquiresyntacticrulesisthesameinbothlanguages.
Woman:
Oh,that'ssomethingreallynewtome.
Dr.Harley:
ThethirdhypothesisistheMonitorHypothesis,whichiscentraltohistheory.Hereagain,wecomeacrossthedistinctionbetweenacquisitionandlearning.Accordingtothishypothesis,theacquisitionprocessescreatesentencesinthesecondlanguage,right?
Butlearningenablesthedevelopmentofamonitoringprocesstocheckandeditthisoutput.Themonitorusesknowledgeoftherules.That'swhy,asIsaidjustnow,learningisaconsciousprocess.
Woman:
Thismeansinlearningyouuseknowledgeofthelanguagetomakesurewhatyousayorwriteiscorrect.Isthatso?
Dr.Harley:
Yes.HisfourthhypothesisistheComprehensibleInputHypothesis.Inordertomoveformonestagetothenext,thelearnermustunderstandthemeaningandtheformoftheinput.Thisemphasizestheroleofcomprehension.Andfinally,theActiveFilterHypothesis.Thissuggestsattitudeandemotionalfactorsarealsoimportantinsecondlanguageacquisition.
Woman:
IguessKrashen'smodelhasprovidedausefulframeworkforsecondlanguagelearning.
Dr.Harley:
Yes,itindeedhas.Andithasalsoprovedtobeoneoft
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