英文翻译原文.docx

英文翻译原文.docx

《英文翻译原文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英文翻译原文.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英文翻译原文

编号：

毕业设计（论文）外文翻译

（原文）

院（系）：

机电工程学院

专业：

电气工程及其自动化

学生姓名：

阮德皇

学号：

0970120203

指导教师单位：

机电工程学院

姓名：

申群富

职称：

副教授

2013年5月19日

PowerElectronicsandMotorDrives

RecentProgressandPerspective

BimalK.Bose,LifeFellow,IEEE

Abstract—Powerelectronicstechnologyhasgonethroughdynamicevolutioninthelastfourdecades.Recently,itsapplicationsarefastexpandinginindustrial,commercial,residential,transportation,utility,aerospace,andmilitaryenvironmentsprimarilyduetoreductionofcost,size,andimprovementofperformance.Intheglobalindustrialautomation,energyconservation,andenvironmentalpollutioncontroltrendsofthe21stcentury,thewidespreadimpactofpowerelectronicsisinevitable.Itappearsthattheroleofpowerelectronicsonoursocietyinthefuturewilltendtobeasimportantandversatileasthatofinformationtechnologytoday.Inthispaper,theimportanceofpowerelectronicswillbediscussedafterabriefhistorialintroductioninthebeginning.Then,therecentadvancesofpowersemiconductordevices,converters,variable-frequencyacdrives,andadvancedcontrolandestimationtechniqueswillbereviewedbriefly.Unlikeatraditionaltechnologysurveypaper,thenumberoffiguresiskeptintentionallysmallinfavorofthetextwithinthelengthconstraintofthispaper.Theprognosisofdifferentareaswillbehighlightedwhereverpossiblebasedontheauthor’sownknowledgeandexperience.Inconclusionandfuturescenario,thetrendofpowerelectronicsandmotordrivesalongwithsomepossibleresearchanddevelopmentareaswillbehighlighted.

IndexTerms—Control,converters,motordrives,powerelectronics.

ManuscriptreceivedOctober29,2007;revisedJuly7,2008.FirstpublishedAugust19,2008;currentversionpublishedJanuary30,2009.

TheauthoriswiththeDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,TheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,TN37996-2100USA（e-mail:

bbose@utk.edu）.

DigitalObjectIdentifier10.1109/TIE.2008.2002726

I.INTRODUCTION

POWERELECTRONICSdealswithconversionandcontrolofelectricalpowerinthewiderangeofmilliwattstogigawattswiththehelpofswitchingmodepowersemiconductordevices.Theapplicationsofpowerelectronicsmayincludedcandacregulatedpowersupplies,uninterruptiblepowersupply（UPS）systems,electrochemicalprocesses（suchaselectroplating,electrolysis,anodizing,andmetalrefining）,heatingandlightingcontrol,electronicwelding,powerlinestaticVARcompensators[SVCs,staticVARgenerator,orstaticsynchronouscompensator（STATCOM）],activeharmonicfilters,highvoltagedc（HVDC）systems,photovoltaic（PV）andfuelcell（FC）powerconversion,solidstatedcandaccircuitbreakers,high-frequencyheating,andmotordrives.Motordrivesareamayincludeapplicationsincomputersandperipherals,solidstatestartersformotors,transportation（electric/hybridelectricvehicles（EV/HEV）,subway,etc.）,homeappliances,paperandtextilemills,windgenerationsystem,air-conditioningandheatpumps,rollingandcementmills,machinetoolsandrobotics,pumpsandcompressors,shippropulsion,etc.Inadditiontoapplicationsinenergysystemsandindustrialautomation,powerelectronicsisnowplayingasignificantroleinglobalenergyconservationthatisindirectlyhelpingintheenvironmentalpollutioncontrol,i.e.,solvingtheglobalwarmingproblem[1],[2].

Fig.1.Historicalevolutionofpowerelectronics[5].

Letusfirsttakealookbackwardinthehistoricalevolutionofpowerelectronics,asshowninFig.1.Officially,powerelectronicswasbornin1901bytheinventionofglass-bulbmercury-arcrectifierbyPeterCooperHewittofUSA[3].Then,itwentthroughtheerasofgastubeelectronicsinthe1930sandsaturablecoremagneticamplifiersinthe1940s.Thepresenteraofsolid-statepowerelectronicsstartedwiththeintroductionofthyristororsiliconcontrolledrectifier（SCR）.BellLaboratoriesofUSApublishedthehistoricalpaperonp-n-p-ntriggeringtransistorin1956[4],andthen,GEcommerciallyintroducedthethyristorin1958.Sincethen,therehasbeenavastexpansionofthetechnologywiththeresearchanddevelopmentradiatingindifferentdirectionsasshowninthefigure.Inpowersemiconductordevices,theR&Dcontinuedindifferentsemiconductormaterials,processing,fabricationandpackagingtechniques,devicemodelingandsimulation,characterization,anddevelopmentofmodernintelligentpowermodules（IPMs）.Asaresultoftheresearch,manynewdevicesemergedwithhigherpowerratingsandimprovedcharacteristics.Startingwithoriginaldiodeandthyristorphase-controlledconverters,asnewdevicesemerged,manynewconvertertopologieswereintroducedalongwithadvancedpulsewidthmodulation（PWM）techniques,andanalyticalandsimulationmethods.Manynewsimulationsoftwareandcomputer-aided-designtechniqueshelpedinthesestudies.Advancedcontrolandsignalestimationtechniques,particularlyforacmotordrives,emerged.Theseincludevectororfield-orientedcontrol,directtorqueandfluxcontrol（DTC）control,slidingmodeorvariablestructurecontrol,optimalcontrols,sensorlesscontrols,andmodernintelligentcontrolsbasedonartificialintelligence（AI）techniques,suchasexpertsystem,fuzzylogic（FL）,artificialneuralnetwork[ANNorneuralnetwork（NNW）],andgeneticalgorithm.AdvancedDSPsandapplicationspecifiedintegratedcircuit（ASIC）chips,alongwiththemodernsoftwaretools,permittedimplementationofcomplexcontrolandestimationofpowerelectronicsystems.Theadventofpowerfulpersonalcomputersalsoplayedanimportantroleintheevolution.

Fig.2.Somesignificanteventsinthehistoryofpowerelectronics[5].

Amongmanyinventionsandmilestones,onlysomesignificanteventsinthehistoryofpowerelectronicsandmotordrivesareshowninFig.2.Itisinterestingtonotethatthename“PowerElectronics”wasintroducedsystematicallyfromthebeginningof1970s.Intheearlystageofevolution,itwasincludedasapartof“IndustrialElectronics.”

II.WHYPOWERELECTRONICSISSOIMPORTANTTODAY

Theapplicationsofpowerelectronicsmentionedbeforepossiblydemonstrateadequatelytheimportanceofpowerelectronics.Asolid-statepowerelectronicapparatuscanbelookeduponasahigh-efficiencyswitching-modepoweramplifier,wheretheefficiencymayapproachashighas98%to99%.Besides,theequipmentisstatic,freefromaudionoise,andhaslowcost,smallsize,highreliability,andlonglifecomparedtotraditionalequipmentusedbeforeforsimilarfunctions.Inamodernautomatedindustrialenvironment,powerelectronics-basedmotioncontrolandcomputersworkverycloselygivinghighindustrialproductivitywithimprovedproductquality.Inabroadperspective,powerelectronicshelpsindustrialcompetitivenessofanationthatprovidesimprovedqualityoflife.Itisnowonderthatpowerelectronicsisnowspreadingfastfromtheindustriallyadvancednationstothedevelopingcountriesoftheworld.

Thereisanotherimportantroleofpowerelectronics.Itisnowplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinenergyconservationandenvironmentalpollutioncontroltrendsofthe21stcentury[1],asmentionedbefore.Globally,electricalenergyconsumptionisincreasingdramaticallyinordertoimproveourlivingstandard.ThisisparticularlytrueforUSA,wheretheenergyappetiteisvoracious.Mostoftheworld’selectricityisproducedinfossilfuelandnuclearpowerplants.Burningoffossilfuelscausesenvironmentalpollutionthatincludesgenerationofgreenhousegasesforglobalwarming,whereasnuclearplantshavesafetyandwastedisposalproblems.Powerelectronicshelpsenergyconservationessentiallybyimprovedefficiencyofutilization.AccordingtotheestimateofElectricPowerResearchInstitute（EPRI）ofUSA,around60%to65%ofgridenergyinUSAisconsumedinelectricalmachinedrives,and75%ofthesearepump-,fan-,andcompressor-typedrives.Majorityofthepumpsandfansisusedinindustrialenvironmentforcontroloffluidflow.Itisreportedthatcurrentlyaround97%ofmediumtohigh-powerdrivesforsuchapplicationsoperateatfixedspeed[6],whereflowiscontrolledbymechanicalmethods,suchasthrottlingcontrol,dampers,orflowcontrolvalves,resultinginasubstantialamountofenergyloss.Only3%ofthesedrivesareoperatedatvariablefrequencyspeedcontrolwithfullyopenthrottlethatcanimproveefficiencyupto30%atlightload.Again,inavariable-frequencydrive,converter–machineefficiencycanbeimprovedfurtherbymachinefluxprogrammingatlightloadandreducedspeed.Powerelectronics-basedload-proportionalspeedcontrolinair-conditioningcansaveasmuchas30%energy,comparedtothetraditionalthermostaticcontrol.Theadditionalcostofpowerelectronicscanberecoveredbysavingenergyinaperioddependingonthecostofelectricity.Forexample,thecostofelectricityishighinJapan.Forthisreason,majorityoftheJapanesehomesusesvariable-speedair-conditioningtosaveenergy.Onepopularapplicationofpowerelectronicsinrecentyearsisvariable-frequencydrivefordiesel-electricshippropulsion,whichcansavelargeamountoffuel,comparedtothetraditionaldiesel-turbinepropulsion.Ithasbeenestimatedthatroughly24%ofgridenergyinUSAisconsumedinlighting.Powerelectronics-basedhigh-frequencycompactfluorescentlamps（CFLs）canbetypicallyfour-timesmoreefficientthanthetraditionalincandescentlamps,besidesgivingmuchlongerlife.LightdimmingcontrolofCFLcanfurtherimproveenergyefficiency.TheCFLsareexpectedtocompletelyreplacetheincandescentlampsinnearfuture.Solid-