中考英语总复习专题二 代词详讲与练习.docx
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中考英语总复习专题二代词详讲与练习
代词
八类:
人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词,(疑问代词,连接代词,关系代词).
一.人称代词的形式:
人称代词有人称,数和格的变化
我
我们
你/你们
他
她
它
他们/她们/它们
主格
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
him
her
it
them
二.表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词;形式:
物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种
我的
我们的
你的/你们的
他的
她的
它的
他们的/她们的/它们的
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
---
theirs
三.反身代词的形式:
myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves
用法:
1.作宾语:
a.HetaughthimselfEnglish.b.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.
2.在句中作名词或代词的同位语,以加强名词或代词的语气,一般表示“亲自”“本人”
a.Imyselfdidthework.b.YouhadbetteraskTomhimself.
四.指示代词的形式:
this,that,these,those,it,such,same
用法:
1.this/these常指时间,空间或心理上较近的人或物,that/those常指时间,空间或心理上较远的人或物
2.this/these常指后面要提到的事物,有启下的作用;而that/those常指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用
a.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis:
ThemeetingisputoffuntilFriday.
b.Hehadabadcold.Thatiswhyhedidn’tattendthemeeting.
3.that/those还可用来代替上文出现过的名词.作此用法时,它们的用法及与one/ones的对比见下表
代替什么词
替换成...
one
[C]单数
某名词
ones
[C]复数
某名词
that
[C]单数或[U]
the+某名词
those
[C]复数
the+某名词
a.TheweatherinBeijingisnotsohotasthat(=theweather)inShanghai.
b.ThepopulationofChinaisaquarterofthat(=thepopulation)oftheworld.
c.Thestudentsinclassoneworkharderthanthose(=thestudents)inclasstwo.
d.Thequestionisaneasyone.e.Ihavelostmypen.Iamgoingtobuyone.
fWhichpencilsdoyouwant?
Theredonesg.Hehasanewcoatandseveraloldones.
4.such的用法
①.such代替或修饰可数与不可数名词都可
a.Heissuchaman.b.Idon’tlikesuchwords.c.Suchisourplan.
②..如果名词被many/much/little/few四个词修饰,则要用so而不用such,如:
a.Hehasmadesomuchprogress.
5.thesame的用法:
thesame=同样(的),可以作定语,表语,主语和宾语
a.TheyleftforBeijingonthesameday.
b.HewillgotoswimandI’lldothesame.
c.Whetherhewillcomeornot,itisallthesametome.
6.it的用法:
①.it指前面己经提到的人或事物
②.模糊it:
it指时间,季节,气候,距离,情况等
a.Itoftenrainsinsummeranditoftensnowsinwinterinthiscity.
b.Itisfivekilometerfromhometotheschool.
③.it作形式主语:
it作形式主语时,真正的主语可以是动词不定式,动名词或由that引导的主语从句.当句中的这些真正主语用词较多时,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语移到后面
a.Itisagoodhabittodomorningexercise.
b.Itispitythatyoudidn’tseesuchagoodfilm.
④.it作形式宾语:
it作形式宾语时,真正的宾语可以是不定式,动名词或that引导的宾语从句.当宾语之后有宾补,而作宾语的不定式或宾语从句用词较多时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语移到后面
a.IfinditeasytolearnEnglishwellifintherightway.
b.IconsideritwrongthatyoustandtooclosetoanEnglishman.
c.Theywanttomakeitclearthattheyaredoinganimportantandnecessaryjob.
⑤.it用于强调句型:
It+is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他
a.ProfessorWangteachesusEnglisheveryMondayafternoon.(一般陈述句)
b.ItisProfessorWangthat/whoteachesusEnglisheveryMondayafternoon.(强调句)
c.Itisusthat/whoProfessorWangteachesEnglisheveryMondayafternoon.(强调句)
d.ItisEnglishthatProfessorWangteachesuseveryMondayafternoon.(强调句)
e.ItiseveryMondayafternoonthatProfessorteachesusEnglish.(强调句)
五、不定代词一览表
可数
one,each,many,both,another,either,neither,(a)few
不可数
much,(a)little
可数不可数
oone,any,other,all,some
复合不定代词
anyone,anybody,anything;someone,somebody,something;everyone,everybody,everything;nobody,nothing
二、不定代词的语法特征
1.every和no只能用作形容词,不能用作代词。
Thereisnoneedtofinishittonight.
2.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一概用单数。
Someoneiswaitingformeattheschoolgate,butIhavenoideawhotheyare(orwhoheorsheis).
3.复合不定代词都不可接of短语,但someone,everyone,anyone都是两个词,之后可接of短语(注意noone不可接of短语)。
EveryoneofthestudentscanspeakgoodEnglish.
4.形容词修饰复合不定代词时,必须置其后。
somethingamazing;nothingserious
三、不定代词的用法难点
1.none,noone,nothing的用法区别
①none既可指人,也可指物,常用来回答howmany/much引导的疑问句;
noone只能指人,常用来回答who引导的疑问句;
nothing“什么也没有”,否定一切,常用来回答what引导的疑问句。
如:
—Howmanypeoplearethereintheroomnow?
—None.
—Whoisintheroom?
—Noone/nobody
②every还可表示“每融……的;每……中的”,如下列说法中只能用every。
everyyearortwoeverynowandthen
everyotherdayChooseoneoutofeverytenboys.
3.another,other,theother,others,theothers的用法一览表
不定代词
意义
用法说明
another
另一个
指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作代词或形容词。
如:
Idon’tlikethiscoat.Showmeanother,please.
other
另一些
只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有each,ever等时,则可与单数名词连用。
如:
anyotherplant,everyotherday。
theother
两者中的
另一个
常与one连用,构成:
one…theother…一个……另一个……;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部其余的”
others
泛指别的
人或物
是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,构成some…others…
theothers
特指其余
的人或物
是theother的复数形式,特指其余的人或物。
4.全部否定和部分否定
当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句中,不管not在它们之前或之后
Bothofthemhaven’treadthisstory.=Onlyoneofthemhasreadthisstory.
Allbamboodoesn’tgrowtall.=Notallbamboogrowstall.=Somebamboogrowstall,butsomedoesn’t.
概括性副词如everywhere,always,altogether(全然地),wholly(全部地)和not连用时,也表示部分否定。
例如:
Suchathingcan’tbefoundnowhere.。
练一练
1、按要求写出相应人称代词。
I(宾格)_______ she(形容词性物主代词)_______ we(名词性物主代词)_______
he(复数)_______ us(单数)_______ theirs(主格)_______its(宾格)_______
2、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1)Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)
2)Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)
3)Isthis_________watch?
(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)
4)_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!
Thosestampsare______.(he)
5)_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolorare_________?
(you)
6)Show_________yourkite,OK?
(they)
7)Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)
8)Arethese________tickets?
No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)
9)Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?
Thatis_________classroom.(we)
10)_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?
_________isanurse.(she)
11)Whereare_________?
Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)
12)Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!
(it)
13)_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)
14)Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)
1.(11全国II)Igotthisbicyclefor;Myfriendgaveittomewhensheboughtanewone.
2.Theemploymentratehascontinuedtoriseinbigcitiesthankstotheeffortsofthelocalgovernmentstoincrease
3.(11天津)Wefeelourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.
4.(11上海春)Theyproducedtworeports,______ofwhichcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.
5.(11山东)Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind________difficulttotellonefromtheother.
6.(11福建)Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchoose____basedonyourowninterests.
7.(11安徽)Surprisingly,Susan’sbeautifulhairreachedbelowherkneesandmade_____almostanovercoatforher.
8.(11浙江)Sincepeoplearefondofhumor,itisaswelcomeinconversationas________else.
9.(11四川)Thereisinhiswords.Weshouldhaveatry.
10.(11重庆)——Sillyme!
Iforgetwhatmyluggagelookslike.
——Whatdoyouthinkofoverthere?
11.(11陕西)——Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?
——one?
12.(11湖南)Iknewthat_____wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.
13.(11辽宁)——Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?
——,thankyou.I'vejusthadsomewater.
14.(11江西)Whydon’tyoubring_____tohisattentionthatyou’retooilltoworkon?
实战演练
1.全国卷一I'llspendhalfofmyholidaypracticingEnglishand_______halflearningdrawing
2.全国卷二.Neithersideispreparedtotalkto_____unlesswecansmooththingoverbetweenthem。
3.全国卷二 Thedoctorthought____wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.
4.安徽.Youareateamstar!
Workingwith isreallyyourcupoftea.
5.福建WhenyouintroducemetoMr.Johnson,couldyoupleasesay_____forme?
6.江西Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Thereis likeswimmingasameansofkeepingfit.
7.辽宁.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade___difficultforher to get a job in that country
8.山东Helpingothersisahabit,_______youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.
9.陕西ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi’anishigherthan____inanyotherareaofthecity.
10.上海Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon'tlearntodependon____(we)
11.四川 Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof whenIwasababy. (I)
12.天津 inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.
13.浙江--Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?
--OK, __youwant.
14.浙江__that'simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.
15.重庆Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfound_____ofthemagain.
2009
(京)1.Thewineindustryintheareahasdevelopedinaspecialway,____littleforeignownership.
2.Beingaparentisn’talwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith_extrastress.
(山东)3.IfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn’tface________daylikethat.
(陕西)4.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn’tanswerofthem.
(上海)5.-Wow!
You’vegotsomanyclothes.-But_____ofthemareinfashionnow.
6.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy__________.
7.I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.-Well,maybe_isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.
8.Charleswasaloneathome,withlookingafterhim.
9.TheCDsareonsale!
Buyoneandyougetcompletelyfree.
10.Overthepast20years,theInternethelpedchangeourworldin___wayoranotherforthebetter.
11.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith__