中考英语任务型阅读之阅读完成表格Alex.docx

中考英语任务型阅读之阅读完成表格Alex.docx

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中考英语任务型阅读之阅读完成表格Alex

英语任务型阅读之阅读完成表格

（一）

Atthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,manypeoplethoughtthattheAmericanfamilywasfallingapart.Acenturylater,weknowthatthiswasnotthecase.However,althoughthefamilyisstillaliveintheUnitedStates,itssizeandshapewereverydifferent100yearsago.

Inthelate1800sandearly1900s,thereweremainlytwotypesoffamiliesintheUnitedStates:

theextendedandthenuclear.Theextendedfamilyusuallyincludesgrandparents,parents,andchildrenlivingunderthesameroof.Thenuclearfamilyconsistsofonlyparentsandchildren.

Todaytherearemanydifferentkindsoffamilies.Somepeoplelivein“traditional”families,thatis,astay-homemother,aworkingfather,andtheirownbiologicalchildren.Othersliveintwo-paycheckfamilies,single-parentfamilies,adoptiveorfoster,families,blendedfamilies（wheremenandwomenwhoweremarriedbeforemarryagainandcombinethechildrenfrompreviousmarriagesintothenewfamilies），childlessfamilies,andsoon.

Whatcausedthestructureofthefamilytochange?

Intheearly1900sthebirthratebegantofallandthedivorceratebegantorise.Womenweresuddenlychoosingtogotocollegeandtakejobsoutsidethehome.Inthe1930sand1940s,manyfamiliesfacedseriousfinancial,ormoneyproblemsduringtheGreatDepression,whenmanypeoplelosttheirjobs.DuringWorldWarII（1939-1945），5millionwomenwereleftalonetotakecareoftheirhomesandtheirchildren.Becausemanymenwereatwar,thousandsofthese"warwidows"hadtogotoworkoutsidetheirhome.

Duringthenexttenyears,thesituationchanged.Therewerefewerdivorces,andpeoplemarriedatayoungerageandhadmorechildrenthanthepreviousgeneration.Itwasunusualforamothertoworkoutsidethehomeduringtheyearswhenherchildrenweregrowingtip.Familiesbeganleavingcitiesandmovingintosingle-familyhomesinthesuburbs.Thetraditionalfamilyseemedtobereturning.

Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s,thereweremanyimportantchangesinthestructureofthefamily.Fromthe1960stotheearly1970s,thedivorceratedoubledandthebirthratefellbyhalf.Thenumberofsingle-parentfamiliestripled,andthenumberofcoupleslivingtogetherwithoutbeingmarrieddoubledagain.Infact,thesingle-parenthousehold,onceunusual,hasreplacedthe"traditional"familyasthetypicalfamilyintheStates.Ifwecanjudgefromhistory,however,thiswillprobablychangeagaininthetwenty-firstcentury.

TheChangesoftheAmericanFamily

Maincomparisons

Contexts

Different___1____

Thereweretwo__2___typesoffamiliesinthepast,___3____,theextendedandthenuclear.

Nowadays__4___typesoffamiliescanbeseenthanbefore.

Changesindifferent___5_____.

Inthe1900sand1940s

Manyofthewomenhadtoworkoutsideduetothe__6___ofmoney.,thuscausingthefallof__7__andtheriseofdivorcerate.

Inthe1950s

Divorcerateslidedandthereweremorechildren.Thefamiliestendedtobe___8___again.

Intheyearsbetween1960sand1990s

Differenttypesoffamilies__9____.TraditionalfamiliesarenolongerthetypicalonesinAmerica.

Atrendworthnoting

Author’sopiniononchanges

Thepresentstructureis___10____;itwillexperiencechangesagaininthenearfuture.

1.kinds/types2.main3.namely4.more5.periods6.lack7.birthrate8.fewer9.occurred10.temporary

（二）

Thefamilysphere（范围）usedtobedefinedbyitsisolationfromthepublicrealm.Therewasthepublicmalerealm（领域）of"rationalaccomplishment"andcruelcompetition,andtheprivatefemaleandchild-rearingsphereofhome,intuition（直觉）andemotion.Theprivaterealmwassupposedtobeisolatedfromtherealitiesofadultlife.Forbothbetterandworse,televisionandotherelectronicmediatendtobreakdownthedifferencebetweenthosetwoworlds.Themembranearoundthefamilysphereismuchmorepermeable（可渗透的）.TVtakespubliceventsandtransformsthemintodramasthatareplayedoutintheprivacyofourlivingrooms,kitchensandbedrooms.

Parentsusedtobethechannelthroughwhichchildrenlearnedabouttheoutsideworld.Theycoulddecidewhattotelltheirchildrenandwhentotellittothem.Sincechildrenlearntoreadinstages,booksprovideakindofnaturalscreeningprocess,whereadultscandecidewhattotellandnottellchildrenofdifferentreadingabilities.Televisiondestroyedthesystemthatseparatedadultfromchildknowledgeandseparatedinformationintoyear-by-yearslicesforchildrenofdifferentages.Instead,itpresentsthesameinformationdirectlytochildrenofallages,withoutgoingthroughadultfilters.

Sotelevisionpresentsarealchallengetoadults.Whileaparentcanreadanewspaperwithoutsharingitwithchildreninthesameroom,televisionisaccessibletoeveryoneinthatspace.Andunlikebooks,televisiondoesn'tallowustoflip（翻转）throughitandseewhat'scomingup.Wemaythinkwe'regivingourchildrenalessoninsciencebyhavingthemwatchtheChallengertakeoff,andthensuddenlytheylearnaboutdeath,disasterandadultmistakes.

Booksallowadultstodiscussprivatelywhattotellornottellchildren.Thisalsoallowsparentstokeepadultmaterialsecretfromchildrenandkeeptheirsecretkeepingsecret.TakethatsamematerialandputitonTheTodayShowandyouhave800,000childrenhearingtheverythingstheadultsaretryingtokeepfromthem."Televisiontakesourkidsacrosstheglobebeforeparentsgivethempermissiontocrossthestreet."

Moreimportantly,childrengraduallylearnthatadultsareworriedandanxiousaboutbeingparents.Actually,televisionhasalsoplacesfamiliesunderalotofstress.

HowTelevisionChangesChildhood?

Maincomparisons

Contexts

Distancebetween___1__andtheoutside.

Homesusedtobeisolatedfromthe___2___realm.

Homesnowadaysare__3__totheoutsideworld.

Mediathroughwhichchildrencanobtaininformation

Inthepast,childrenmightlearn__4__abouttheoutsideworldwiththehelpofparentsand___5___.

MoreinformationisgotdirectlythroughTVandotherelectronicmedia,whichbreaksdownthe__6___betweenadultworldandthechildworld.

_____7___oftheinformationchildrenget

Traditionally,kidscouldonlyknewwhattheyshouldlearnattheirage,carefully___8___bytheirparents.

Everythingcanpossiblybeknownbychildren,includingmanyaspectsof_____life.

Effectsonfamilyeducation

Parentalinstruction

Familiesarenowundergreaterstressthanbefore.Adultsareanxiousaboutbeingparentsandfacedwithnew__10_____.

1.Homes2.public3.connected4.indirectly5.books6.difference7.Content8.decided/chosen9.adult10.challenges

（三）

Somepeoplebelievethatgreedandselfishnesshasbecomethebasisofmodernsociety,andweshouldreturntotheoldtraditionsoffamilyandcommunitythenwewillhaveabetterlife.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththeaboveopinion?

Inthisfast-pacedworld,manyvaluesareundergoingmajorchanges.Whilepeopletraditionallyprioritizecaring,sharingandgenerosityinlifeandwork,modernpeopleseemtobemoreself-absorbedandself-concerned.

Modernpeopleactselfishlytosurvivetheharshcompetitionoflife.Theysaythatitisajungleoutthere.Tosurvive,youhavetofightwithwhatevermeansthatcomehandy.Obviouslygreedyandselfishnessgoperfectlywellwithsuchideas.Inacompany,employeesdoeverythingtheycantogetbetterpayandhigherposition,evenatthecostofcolleagues.Weareinanywayadvocatinganyselfishconduct.Itisjustthatpeoplearepressuredtoactinacertainwayduetooutsideinfluences.

Inspiteofcommonpractice,itishardtoconcludethatmodernsocietyisbuiltongreedandselfishness,bothofwhicharenotnewlyinventedvocabulary.Inancienttimespeoplealsodidgreedyandselfishthingsthoughsuchbehaviorsweremorecondemnedthen.Butwecannotignorethefactthatpeopleinthepastlivedarelativelymoreisolatedlifeandfacedlesspressurecomparedwiththeirmoderncounterparts.

Arewehappiertosharewithothersandbegeneroustothem?

Thereisnofixedanswereither.Somepeopletakegreatpleasurehelpingandgivingtootherswhileothersfeelhappydoingtheopposite.ButIpersonallythinkthatpeopleshouldnotbetooselfish.Caringforotherscanactuallyencouragethedevelopmentofamutuallybeneficialrelationship.

Inconclusion,modernpeopleappeartobemoreself-centeredthanthoseinthepastduetostrongoutsidepressure.However,weshouldencouragepeopletoknowtheimportanceofbeingcaringandgenerousandtobuildamutuallybeneficialrelationshipwithothers.

AreModernPeopleBecomingMoreSelfish?

Maincomparisons

Contexts

__1__arechanging

Inthepastpeopleputcaring,sharingandgenerosityinthefirst____2____.

Nowadays,peopleseemtobemore____3____aboutthemselves.

___4___arechangingtoo.

Peopleinthepastappearedtobemodestandself-effacing（谦让的）.

Peoplemaystrivetoachievetheirown__5___atthepriceoftheircoworkers.

Theauthor’sunderstanding

___6____forthechangesinauthor’seyes

Fierce__7___andgreat__8___onmodernpeoplemayberesponsibleforthechanges.

Theauthor’s___9____towardstopic

Arelationshipwhichcan___10___twosidesshouldbeestablished.

1.Values2.place3.concerned4.Behaviors5.goals6.Reasons7.competition8.pressure9.attitudes10.benefit

（四）

Traditionally,customersmayconsidermoreaboutwhattheybuytheproductfor.However,theimageofproductandtheconsumingcircumstancehavebecomethekeypointstoattractcustomerawarenessandstimulatetheirbuyingneeds.Frequently,customersbuygoodsjustbecausetheyare