382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换.docx
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382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换
在ETS规定的托福独立写作评分标准中,有一项是针对词汇和表达的,同样托福写作想要拿高分,在词汇的应用上也要有一定的技巧,今天整理了一些托福写作重点词汇的高分替换,看看ETS考官更喜欢什么样的表达~希望对大家的写作有帮助~
高分重点托福写作同义词替换
国内考生常用的表达
更得分的表达方式
名词
1
thingsthatone trieshardtodo
one'sundertakings/
one'scommitments
2
Thefactisthat…
Therealityisthat…
3
joy
happiness/delight/ enjoyment
4
sadness
sorrow/grief
5
danger
hazard/peril(后面这个词语气很强,
危险程度非同一般)[派生]
dangerous;hazardous
6
education
≈schooling(指学校教育,
家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting)
[区分]家庭教育的两个词
upbringing是从孩子的角度说的,
比如children'supbringing;
而parenting是从家长的角度来说,
比如sensibleparenting.
7
advertisement/ advertising
如果你写过关于广告的题目,
就一定体会过不停轮换使用
advertisement/ advertising
有多郁闷。
其实主体段论证中
完全可以把广告类细化,比如
commercials(电视或者互联
网上的广告),flyers
(传单广告,北京最常见的
形式就是“135****,办证”),
billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者
non-profit advertisements=
public-interest advertisements
(公益广告)
8
car
automobile
9
economiccrisis
economicmeltdown
(很接近)/recession
(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)
/theGreat Depression
(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)
10
famouspeople
celebrities (单数为celebrity)
11
humanbeings(备考生使用过多)
humanity(注意这个词的单
数指人类,复数指人文学科)
/thehumanrace
12
wealth
fortune(s) (fortune
作财富的意思时可以加复数)
13
[相关] rich
wealthy/affluent (adj.)
14
skill
≈technique(注意这个词的
正确解释是技能或者方法,
而不是technology科技)
15
[派生] skilled
adept/adroit(adj.)
16
method
methodology(国外学术
写作中超级常用的词,
基本就是method的故作高深版)
17
field
sphere/domain/ arena
18
understandingof
≈graspof/commandof
19
choice
option
20
cooperation
≈collaboration
21
basicstructureina cityoracountry
infrastructure
22
tirednessforalong time
fatigue
23
isamustof
isaprerequisite for
(是……的必备先决条件)
24
theInternet
≈theinformationhighway
(一篇考生作文里Internet被
使用十几次是常事儿)
25
honesty
≈integrity
26
strongbelief
faith(in)
27
aim
intention
28
worries
anxieties(是的,这两个
词的确都可以加复数)
29
influence
impact/ repercussion/
implication
30
influenceoneach other
mutualinfluence(类似
的表达还有mutualrespect,
mutualtrust和mutual
understanding/ interaction
betweenAandB/
interplaybetweenA andB
31
manydifferentkinds of…
avarietyof…/
awidearrayof…/
awiderangeof…
32
wrongideasheldby manypeople
misconceptions
33
fame
prestige/
sterlingreputation
34
range
≈spectrum
35
sense
≈recognition
36
part
component
(这个词不仅指零件,
在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)
37
wise
[相关] sensible(adj.)
38
gap
disparity
39
asystemfora particularpurpose
≈amechanismfor…
40
asolutiontosth.
aremedyforsth.
(生活中经常指一种病
的治疗方法,但学术写作
中经常用来指某种问题的
解决方法,注意搭配的介词不同)
41
badstudents
≈unrulystudents/
disruptivestudents
42
badbehavior
unethicalbehavior/
immoralbehavior
43
organizationsthat helppoorpeople
charities/
charitable organizations
44
difference
distinction
45
[派生] bedifferentfrom
bedistinctfrom (adj.)
46
person
individual
47
personality
≈disposition
48
businesses
enterprises(这里指企业)
49
pricesthataretoo high
exorbitantprices
50
therateof…
theincidenceof…
(后面一般跟坏事儿,
比如unemployment/
crime/adisease)
51
intenseenthusiasm
zeal/passion
52
cultural globalization(有过多人使用这个词)
globalcultural
homogenization
53
athingthatis necessary
anecessity
54
athingthatisnew andinteresting
anovelty
55
athingthatisrare
ararity
56
thingsthatpeople arenotsureabout
uncertainties
57
aworldlanguage
auniversallanguage
58
friends
companions
59
relaxation
≈recreation
60
self-respect
≈self-esteemand dignity
61
respectsb./sth.
holdsb./sth.in highregard
62
[反义] lookdownon…
treat … with
contempt=despise (v.)
63
self-control
self-discipline
64
criminal
convict
65
prisoner
inmate
66
drinks
≈alcoholicbeverages
67
peoplewhowalkon thestreet
pedestrians
68
oldgenerationsin history
ancestors
69
apersonwho benefitsfromsth.
abeneficiaryof sth.
70
adiseasethat spreadsquickly
anepidemic
(注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾,
却不是形容词)
71
averyunpleasant wayoflife
misery
72
ataskthatrequires lotsofeffort
anarduoustask
73
emotion
≈sentiment
74
enemy
≈opponent/foe
75
narrowminds
insularminds
(狭隘的头脑或者观念)
76
awaytodosth.
anapproachtodoing sth./
anavenuetowards sth.
77
hobby
≈pastime/diversion
78
progress
progression
(经常指抽象的进步,
比如写关于society/
career/technology的话题)
79
failure
setback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)
80
importance
significance
(当你用了一次importance之后,
第二次不妨用这个)
81
duty
obligation
(用于比较重要的责任)
82
difficulty
hindrance/
impediment/
hurdles
83
pressurefromyour classmates
peerpressure
84
citizenswhocan work
laborforce/
workforce
(都是总体概念,而且注意后
面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)
85
problemsordiseases thatexistforalongtime
persistentproblems/
chronicdiseases
86
alifewithout regularexercise
asedentary lifestyle
87
result
consequence
(表示消极的结果更多一些)
88
thoughts
≈considerations
89
thelackof knowledge
ignorance
(注意在地道英文里,
这个词经常并不表示“忽视”,
而是表示“无知”)
90
harm(n.)
adverseeffect
91
harm(vt.)
damagedestroy/ruin
(这两个词比damage程度更重)
spoil(后面跟thecityscape/
scenery/environment)
undermine
(后面跟抽象概念,
比如stability/social order/harmony)
jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念,
比如one'sfuture/one's career)
tarnish
(后面跟one'sreputation/ image)
sap/dampen
(后面跟one'senthusiasm/
interest/confidence)
92
[派生] harmful
detrimental(adj.)
93
[派生] beharmfulto
≈poseathreatto
94
badluck
misfortune
95
trouble
adversity/
dilemma/
predicament/ hardship
96
crime
offense/criminal act
97
youthcrime
≈juveniledelinquency
98
criminal
offender/ ≈
culprit/ ≈
perpetrator
99
seriouscrime
heinouscrime/
felony
100
aminorcrime
amisdemeanor
101
shortage(of)
scarcity(of)/
dearth(of)
102
theonlyone
anexception
103
placeswhereanimals live
habitat
形容词
104
worrying
≈disturbing
105
verypopular
prevalent/
ubiquitous
106
TRUE
genuine
(trulyagenuinely)
107
deep
profound
(深刻的,后面经常跟wisdom/
truths/ understanding/
impact/thoughts)
108
strong
powerful/mighty
109
weak
≈vulnerable
110
hard-working
industrious
(注意不是industrial,
而diligent那个词在
美语中是个挺大的词)
111
verydisappointing
lamentable/pathetic
112
begood(for)
bebeneficial(to)=
beinthebest interests(of)
113
benotasgoodas
beinferiorto
114
bebetterthan
besuperiorto
115
uninteresting
mundane
(注意这个词其实再
美国很多时候并不是
“世俗的”意思/humdrum
116
many
numerous(注意要跟可数名词)
117
complicated
intricate
118
strange
odd/bizarre/
eccentric
(单weird有点过于口语化了)
119
cannotbeturned back
beirreversible
120
produceuseful results
productive
121
practical
≈realistic
122
mature
sophisticated
(这个词指人的时候
意思是思维成熟老练的)
123
selfish
self-centered/
materialistic
124
proud (贬义)
conceited
125
suitable
fitting
126
mostsuitable
optimal
127
lonely
isolated/alienated
128
alone
solitary
129
beeasilyinfluenced bysth.
besusceptibleto sth.
(一般是坏事情,
比如adisease/attacks)
130
isbetterthan
issuperiorto
131
notasgoodas…
isinferiorto
132
bethesame
beidentical/
behomogenous/
beuniform
(后面两个词比较正式,
一般是说cultural
globalization的时候常用,
现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫
schooluniforms了吧,
就是让大家都看起来一
样的衣服)
133
interesting
≈stimulating
134
boring
≈monotonous/
repetitive
135
useless
redundant
136
smart
intelligent
137
famous
renowned
138
positive
≈desirable/
encouraging
139
happy
delighted
140
enjoyable
delightful
141
canbeused
beavailable
142
hardtounderstand
bewildering/
baffling/
confusing
143
(laws/rules/ people)notstrict
lenient
144
healthy
wholesome
(注意说人的健康还是
要用healthy,
但是如果说事物有益健康,
就可以用wholesome)
145
goodforthe envrionment
eco-friendly
比如Bikingisfarmore
eco-friendlythan driving
theirSUVs.)
146
nervous/anxious
≈apprehensive
147
doubtsth.
beskepticalabout sth.
148
fair
≈justified
149
unfair
≈unwarranted/ unjustifiable
150
huge
enormous/massive/
vast/colossal
151
small
tiny/miniscule
(后面一般跟抽象名词)
152
havemanydifferent abilities
beversatile/be well-rounded
153
befamiliarwith
bewell-acquainted with
154
verysuccessful/ admirable
distinguished
155
proper
appropriate
156
typical
quintessential
(这个语气非常强)
157
exact
precise/ ≈ accurate
158
ugly
unsightly
159
poor-quality
substandard
(housing/ accommodation/
work/goods/ machines)
160
thepresent…
thecurrent…/
theexisting…
(比如thecurrentfinancial
crisis/theexisting
environmental problems)
161
outdated
antiquated/obsolete
162
highly-respected
esteemed
163
complete(adj.)/ whole
entire
164
spendalotofmoney
leadanextravagant/
alavishlife
165
open
enlighted/ progressive
(开明的,逐步的,经常用来
形容govern-ment或者society)
166
sth.mustbecarried out
sth.iscompulsory/
sth.ismandatory
167
withlonghistory
time-honored
(后面经常跟抽象名词,
比如tradition/practice/
methods/heritage)
168
continuingforever
perpetual
169
important
significant
essential
vital
(这三个词的重要性依次递增)
170
veryattractive
veryappealing/
fascinating/
captivating
171
verycareful
cautious
172
beveryinterested in
beabsorbedin/
beengrossedin
173
bequalifiedfor
beeligiblefor
174
disappointing
frustrating
175
wrong
erroneous
176
longandabit annoying
lengthy
177
verydifficult
daunting/
formidable
178
beingspreadin uncontrolledway
rampant
(后面经常跟负面现象,
比如crime,pollution
或者discrimination)
179
cruel
≈inhumane/
merciless
180
fat
overweight/obese
(后面这个已经胖出病了)
181
havingwrong opinions
skewed/biased
(这两个词一般在媒体类话题使用,
表示“有偏见的”)
182
includingmany things
comprehensive
(综合的,全面的)
183
enough
adequate/
sufficient/
ample/
abundant
(注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)
184
toomuch
excessive
185
verylittle
minimal
(注意不是minimum)
186
causebadeffects
counterproductive
(其实地道英文写作
里这个词不见得和生
产有关,只要阻止人们达
到目的,都可以写它
c