382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换.docx

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382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换.docx

382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换

在ETS规定的托福独立写作评分标准中,有一项是针对词汇和表达的,同样托福写作想要拿高分,在词汇的应用上也要有一定的技巧,今天整理了一些托福写作重点词汇的高分替换,看看ETS考官更喜欢什么样的表达~希望对大家的写作有帮助~

高分重点托福写作同义词替换

国内考生常用的表达

更得分的表达方式

名词

1

thingsthatone trieshardtodo

one'sundertakings/

one'scommitments

2

Thefactisthat…

Therealityisthat…

3

joy

happiness/delight/ enjoyment

4

sadness

sorrow/grief

5

danger

hazard/peril(后面这个词语气很强,

危险程度非同一般)[派生]

dangerous;hazardous

6

education

≈schooling(指学校教育,

家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting)

[区分]家庭教育的两个词

upbringing是从孩子的角度说的,

比如children'supbringing;

而parenting是从家长的角度来说,

比如sensibleparenting.

7

advertisement/ advertising

如果你写过关于广告的题目,

就一定体会过不停轮换使用

advertisement/ advertising

有多郁闷。

其实主体段论证中

完全可以把广告类细化,比如

commercials(电视或者互联

网上的广告),flyers

(传单广告,北京最常见的

形式就是“135****,办证”),

billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者

non-profit advertisements=

public-interest advertisements

(公益广告)

8

car

automobile

9

economiccrisis

economicmeltdown

(很接近)/recession

(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)

/theGreat Depression

(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)

10

famouspeople

celebrities (单数为celebrity)

11

humanbeings(备考生使用过多)

humanity(注意这个词的单

数指人类,复数指人文学科)

/thehumanrace

12

wealth

fortune(s) (fortune

作财富的意思时可以加复数)

13

[相关] rich

wealthy/affluent (adj.)

14

skill

≈technique(注意这个词的

正确解释是技能或者方法,

而不是technology科技)

15

[派生] skilled

adept/adroit(adj.)

16

method

methodology(国外学术

写作中超级常用的词,

基本就是method的故作高深版)

17

field

sphere/domain/ arena

18

understandingof

≈graspof/commandof

19

choice

option

20

cooperation

≈collaboration

21

basicstructureina cityoracountry

infrastructure

22

tirednessforalong time

fatigue

23

isamustof

isaprerequisite for

(是……的必备先决条件)

24

theInternet

≈theinformationhighway

(一篇考生作文里Internet被

使用十几次是常事儿)

25

honesty

≈integrity

26

strongbelief

faith(in)

27

aim

intention

28

worries

anxieties(是的,这两个

词的确都可以加复数)

29

influence

impact/ repercussion/

implication

30

influenceoneach other

mutualinfluence(类似

的表达还有mutualrespect,

mutualtrust和mutual

understanding/ interaction

betweenAandB/

interplaybetweenA andB

31

manydifferentkinds of…

avarietyof…/

awidearrayof…/

awiderangeof…

32

wrongideasheldby manypeople

misconceptions

33

fame

prestige/

sterlingreputation

34

range

≈spectrum

35

sense

≈recognition

36

part

component

(这个词不仅指零件,

在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)

37

wise

[相关] sensible(adj.)

38

gap

disparity

39

asystemfora particularpurpose

≈amechanismfor…

40

asolutiontosth.

aremedyforsth.

(生活中经常指一种病

的治疗方法,但学术写作

中经常用来指某种问题的

解决方法,注意搭配的介词不同)

41

badstudents

≈unrulystudents/

disruptivestudents

42

badbehavior

unethicalbehavior/

immoralbehavior

43

organizationsthat helppoorpeople

charities/

charitable organizations

44

difference

distinction

45

[派生] bedifferentfrom

bedistinctfrom (adj.)

46

person

individual

47

personality

≈disposition

48

businesses

enterprises(这里指企业)

49

pricesthataretoo high

exorbitantprices

50

therateof…

theincidenceof…

(后面一般跟坏事儿,

比如unemployment/

crime/adisease)

51

intenseenthusiasm

zeal/passion

52

cultural globalization(有过多人使用这个词)

globalcultural

homogenization

53

athingthatis necessary

anecessity

54

athingthatisnew andinteresting

anovelty

55

athingthatisrare

ararity

56

thingsthatpeople arenotsureabout

uncertainties

57

aworldlanguage

auniversallanguage

58

friends

companions

59

relaxation

≈recreation

60

self-respect

≈self-esteemand dignity

61

respectsb./sth.

holdsb./sth.in highregard

62

[反义] lookdownon…

treat … with

contempt=despise (v.)

63

self-control

self-discipline

64

criminal

convict

65

prisoner

inmate

66

drinks

≈alcoholicbeverages

67

peoplewhowalkon thestreet

pedestrians

68

oldgenerationsin history

ancestors

69

apersonwho benefitsfromsth.

abeneficiaryof sth.

70

adiseasethat spreadsquickly

anepidemic

(注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾,

却不是形容词)

71

averyunpleasant wayoflife

misery

72

ataskthatrequires lotsofeffort

anarduoustask

73

emotion

≈sentiment

74

enemy

≈opponent/foe

75

narrowminds

insularminds

(狭隘的头脑或者观念)

76

awaytodosth.

anapproachtodoing sth./

anavenuetowards sth.

77

hobby

≈pastime/diversion

78

progress

progression

(经常指抽象的进步,

比如写关于society/

career/technology的话题)

79

failure

setback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)

80

importance

significance

(当你用了一次importance之后,

第二次不妨用这个)

81

duty

obligation

(用于比较重要的责任)

82

difficulty

hindrance/

impediment/

hurdles

83

pressurefromyour classmates

peerpressure

84

citizenswhocan work

laborforce/

workforce

(都是总体概念,而且注意后

面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)

85

problemsordiseases thatexistforalongtime

persistentproblems/

chronicdiseases

86

alifewithout regularexercise

asedentary lifestyle

87

result

consequence

(表示消极的结果更多一些)

88

thoughts

≈considerations

89

thelackof knowledge

ignorance

(注意在地道英文里,

这个词经常并不表示“忽视”,

而是表示“无知”)

90

harm(n.)

adverseeffect

91

harm(vt.)

damagedestroy/ruin

(这两个词比damage程度更重)

spoil(后面跟thecityscape/

scenery/environment)

undermine

(后面跟抽象概念,

比如stability/social order/harmony)

jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念,

比如one'sfuture/one's career)

tarnish

(后面跟one'sreputation/ image)

sap/dampen

(后面跟one'senthusiasm/

interest/confidence)

92

[派生] harmful

detrimental(adj.)

93

[派生] beharmfulto

≈poseathreatto

94

badluck

misfortune

95

trouble

adversity/

dilemma/

predicament/ hardship

96

crime

offense/criminal act

97

youthcrime

≈juveniledelinquency

98

criminal

offender/ ≈

culprit/ ≈

perpetrator

99

seriouscrime

heinouscrime/

felony

100

aminorcrime

amisdemeanor

101

shortage(of)

scarcity(of)/

dearth(of)

102

theonlyone

anexception

103

placeswhereanimals live

habitat

形容词

104

worrying

≈disturbing

105

verypopular

prevalent/

ubiquitous

106

TRUE

genuine

(trulyagenuinely)

107

deep

profound

(深刻的,后面经常跟wisdom/

truths/ understanding/

impact/thoughts)

108

strong

powerful/mighty

109

weak

≈vulnerable

110

hard-working

industrious

(注意不是industrial,

而diligent那个词在

美语中是个挺大的词)

111

verydisappointing

lamentable/pathetic

112

begood(for)

bebeneficial(to)=

beinthebest interests(of)

113

benotasgoodas

beinferiorto

114

bebetterthan

besuperiorto

115

uninteresting

mundane

(注意这个词其实再

美国很多时候并不是

“世俗的”意思/humdrum

116

many

numerous(注意要跟可数名词)

117

complicated

intricate

118

strange

odd/bizarre/

eccentric

(单weird有点过于口语化了)

119

cannotbeturned back

beirreversible

120

produceuseful results

productive

121

practical

≈realistic

122

mature

sophisticated

(这个词指人的时候

意思是思维成熟老练的)

123

selfish

self-centered/

materialistic

124

proud (贬义)

conceited

125

suitable

fitting

126

mostsuitable

optimal

127

lonely

isolated/alienated

128

alone

solitary

129

beeasilyinfluenced bysth.

besusceptibleto sth.

(一般是坏事情,

比如adisease/attacks)

130

isbetterthan

issuperiorto

131

notasgoodas…

isinferiorto

132

bethesame

beidentical/

behomogenous/

beuniform

(后面两个词比较正式,

一般是说cultural

globalization的时候常用,

现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫

schooluniforms了吧,

就是让大家都看起来一

样的衣服)

133

interesting

≈stimulating

134

boring

≈monotonous/

repetitive

135

useless

redundant

136

smart

intelligent

137

famous

renowned

138

positive

≈desirable/

encouraging

139

happy

delighted

140

enjoyable

delightful

141

canbeused

beavailable

142

hardtounderstand

bewildering/

baffling/

confusing

143

(laws/rules/ people)notstrict

lenient

144

healthy

wholesome

(注意说人的健康还是

要用healthy,

但是如果说事物有益健康,

就可以用wholesome)

145

goodforthe envrionment

eco-friendly

比如Bikingisfarmore

eco-friendlythan driving

theirSUVs.)

146

nervous/anxious

≈apprehensive

147

doubtsth.

beskepticalabout sth.

148

fair

≈justified

149

unfair

≈unwarranted/ unjustifiable

150

huge

enormous/massive/

vast/colossal

151

small

tiny/miniscule

(后面一般跟抽象名词)

152

havemanydifferent abilities

beversatile/be well-rounded

153

befamiliarwith

bewell-acquainted with

154

verysuccessful/ admirable

distinguished

155

proper

appropriate

156

typical

quintessential

(这个语气非常强)

157

exact

precise/ ≈ accurate

158

ugly

unsightly

159

poor-quality

substandard

(housing/ accommodation/

work/goods/ machines)

160

thepresent…

thecurrent…/

theexisting…

(比如thecurrentfinancial

crisis/theexisting

environmental problems)

161

outdated

antiquated/obsolete

162

highly-respected

esteemed

163

complete(adj.)/ whole

entire

164

spendalotofmoney

leadanextravagant/

alavishlife

165

open

enlighted/ progressive

(开明的,逐步的,经常用来

形容govern-ment或者society)

166

sth.mustbecarried out

sth.iscompulsory/

sth.ismandatory

167

withlonghistory

time-honored

(后面经常跟抽象名词,

比如tradition/practice/

methods/heritage)

168

continuingforever

perpetual

169

important

significant

essential

vital

(这三个词的重要性依次递增)

170

veryattractive

veryappealing/

fascinating/

captivating

171

verycareful

cautious

172

beveryinterested in

beabsorbedin/

beengrossedin

173

bequalifiedfor

beeligiblefor

174

disappointing

frustrating

175

wrong

erroneous

176

longandabit annoying

lengthy

177

verydifficult

daunting/

formidable

178

beingspreadin uncontrolledway

rampant

(后面经常跟负面现象,

比如crime,pollution

或者discrimination)

179

cruel

≈inhumane/

merciless

180

fat

overweight/obese

(后面这个已经胖出病了)

181

havingwrong opinions

skewed/biased

(这两个词一般在媒体类话题使用,

表示“有偏见的”)

182

includingmany things

comprehensive

(综合的,全面的)

183

enough

adequate/

sufficient/

ample/

abundant

(注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)

184

toomuch

excessive

185

verylittle

minimal

(注意不是minimum)

186

causebadeffects

counterproductive

(其实地道英文写作

里这个词不见得和生

产有关,只要阻止人们达

到目的,都可以写它

c

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