高考英语语法填空.docx

高考英语语法填空.docx

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高考英语语法填空

高考英语法填空试题

一、试题分析

   广东高考语法填空试题要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10项语法填空。

做题要求：

一是在空格处填入一个适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

   语法填空需要考生填入空格内的只能是一个词，而要求考生对括号内的词语变形的可能不止填入一个词，或许是两个甚至三个。

从词性来看，填入的一个词是虚词，而变形的是实词。

从近两年广东高考试题来看，需要填入一个词的题目多于要求运用词语变形的题目。

   语法填空试题考查考生在篇章层面上理解并运用语法知识的能力，要求考生必须具备较全面的语法知识和较好的阅读和语法分析能力。

语法填空试题需要考生分析：

（一）句子结构的构成，即句子成分的构成。

（二）句子成分之间的一致性，例如：

主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。

   （三）篇章和句子意义。

   近两年广东高考语法填空对动词形式的考查、复合句的考查、介词的考查、构词法的考查以及代词的考查等比较重视。

另外，语法填空的短文字数在180—200之间，2007年题材是记叙文，2008年则是夹叙夹议类。

短文的取材不偏不怪，贴近中学生生活。

二、解题必备能力

（一）语法专项过关

 2008年高考英语广东卷语法填空题：

ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’dailylife.___31_ theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop___32___（help）itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.

Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty（960-1279）wasveryanxioustohelp__33___ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout___34__dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.

 Oneday,hecameupwithanidea__35___hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.

 Hewasverytired__36__doingthisforawholeday,__37__hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid"grow"__38__（high）.

 Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.

 Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir__39__（nature）course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften__40__（result）inthecontrarytoourintention.

【标准答案】31-40Behind; tohelp; his; this; that;after；but; higher;natural;results

高考考试说明列出了24个语法项目，考生要分项逐一过关，不留盲点。

而动词的时态语态、非谓语动词以及复合句，是高考的必考点，因此要对相关语法知识熟练掌握。

例如：

动词时态的结构形式、不定式和分词的用法区别等。

2008年高考语法填空试题中的“pluckingupacrop  32  （help）itgrow”，因为不懂“tohelpitgrow”是“pluckingupacrop”的目的，许多考生不知道使用动词不定式。

而在“Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften  40  （result）inthecontrarytoourintention．”这个句子中，因为不知道“Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop”就是句子的主语，不少考生不知道使用“results”这一谓语形式。

   再如对长句的结构分析，2007年高考试题中“Hewasverytired  36  doingthisforawholeday， 37   hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid‘grow’   38  （high）．”一个句子中有三个考点，其中两个考点分布在两个并列分句中，还有一个考点考查并列句的转折关系。

   在2007年高考试题中“Cursingmymisfortune，IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto   32  shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme   33  aguestintheirhouse．”“Whileshewasgettingme   34  （settle）intoatinybutcleanroom，theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomyCartopullitto  35  smalltownsome20kilometresaway  36  therewasagarage．”这两个句子的结构非常复杂，难倒了不少考生。

第一句的主干是“Iwaswonderingwhere1wasgoingtospendthenight”，后接when引导的并列句（when意为“就在这时”），而这个并列句中又有一个由that引导的宾语从句，而宾语从句中又有一个由who引导的定语从句来修饰villagers。

这个宾语从句中还有复合介词asto（至于）后接的宾语从句。

第二句的主干是“theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorse”，前面是一个由while引导的时间状语从句，主句中还有一个定语从句“therewasagarage”需要用where来引导。

（二）熟悉词语的结构和搭配

   1．动词和介词（副词）的搭配

   2008年高考试题“Hewasverytired 36 doingthis”中，“betiredfrom”是“因为……劳累”的意思。

多数考生对“betiredof”（厌倦于……）熟悉，而填错介词。

2．动词和名词的搭配

   2008年高考试题“thetroubleIhadcaused   40  ”中的cause，不少考生不熟悉“causesomebodysomething”这一搭配，也就是动词后接双宾语的结构，因而填不出“her”这一正确答案。

cause的这一用法又如：

Ihopethechildrenhaven’tcausedyoutoomuchtrouble．

 三、应试策略

（一）通读全文

   语法填空是在语言运用中考查语法知识，因此解题的前提是阅读理解能力要过关，要能读懂短文大意。

拿到试题后，先把握短文的大意，对事件发生的时间、地点、人物弄清楚后，然后再逐个解题。

（二）理清考点

   语法填空的考点相对稳定，因此要理清短文的10个考点，知道哪些考点在哪些小题中得到体现。

比如，10个空格中还剩下几个难以确定，就要结合上下文，看哪些知识点已经考查，哪些还没有。

   （三）复读检查

   最后检查时，心中要有考点意识，即10个考点分别分布在哪些知识点之上。

如果10个空格中没有考到一个介词或者冠词，说明有的小题答案肯定不正确，还要通过对全文和句子的分析进一步敲定答案。

1

IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31（break）downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34（settle）intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35smalltownsome20kilometresaway36therewasagarage.

Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhone.Wedranktogetherandtalked38（merry）tillfarintothenight.

Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39thetroubleIhadcaused40.2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）

2

Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,_____31withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.

Ifyougiveyourchildrenthe32（impress）thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard33asunfitorunablepersons.34childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.

MydaughterCarla’sfifthgradeteachermadeeverychildinherclass35（feel）special.Whenstudentsreceivedlessthanaperfecttestscore,shewouldpointout36theyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.

Youcanseethesametechniquewhenyouevaluateyour37workathome.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise38.Talkaboutwhathehasdoneright,notaboutwhathehasn’tdone.Ifyourchildcompletesadifficulttask,rewardhim39aSundaytriporaballgamewithDad.Learningisaprocessoftryingandfailingandtryingand40.Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.

3．

A9-year-oldgirlwithapacemaker（起博器）,31diedearlytoday,wassufferingshakesona　citybuswhenadriverrefusedtotakehertoanearbyhospital,witnesses（目击者）said.

OfficialsoftheChicagoTransitAuthoritysaidtheywereinvestigating.Thechild,Nicole　Hobson,32（take）byhermothertoChildren'sMemorialHospitalabout11p.m.,Wednesdayto　checkher33（recent）inserted（插入）pacemaker.

Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileaway34thehospital.Hermother,MayHobson,40,said,　"Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewashaving35heartfailure.Hesaidhecouldn'tgothroughthetraffic."

WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobring36Nicole'slife,thedriverdid37tohelpandevenstoppedoncetopicktipmore38.

Whenthedriverreachedacomer39hewastomakeaturn,ablockfromthehospital,hetoldMrs.Hobsontogetoft;shesaid.

Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould40（make）radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.

4.

Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,31withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.

Ifyougiveyourchildrenthe32（impress）thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard33asunfitorunablepersons.34childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.

MydaughterCarla’sfifthgradeteachergoteverychildinherclass35（feel）special.Whenstudentsreceivedlessthanaperfecttestscore,shewouldpointout36theyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.

Youcanseethesametechniquewhenyouevaluateyour37workathome.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise38.Talkaboutwhathehasdoneright,notaboutwhathehasn’tdone.Ifyourchildcompletesadifficulttask,rewardhim39aSundaytriporaballgamewithDad.Learningisaprocessoftryingandfailingandtryingand40.Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.

5.

TheEnglishlanguagegrewoutofthelanguagesoftheAngles,Saxons,andJutes.TheywereNorthernEuropeanpeopleswhosettledinEngland31（start）inthe5thcenturyAD.Byaboutthe9thcenturyADtheearliestversionoftheEnglishlanguage,32asOldEnglish,orAnglo–Saxon,haddeveloped.Toamoderneye,OldEnglishlookslikeaforeignlanguage.However,themajorworksofOldEnglishliteraturehavebeentranslatedinto33English.

Mostscholarsagreethatthelongestsurvivingpoem34OldEnglishisBeowulf,ataleoflegendaryheroesandmonsters.ItisalsooneofthefirstEuropeanpoemswritteninalocallanguage35thanLatin.Theauthor’snameisnotknown.ThefirstOldEnglishpoetwhoisknownbynameisCaedmon.Caedmonwasacowherdwholivedbeforetheyear700.Hisverses（诗文）were36onBiblestoriesandhadtobewrittendownbyothers37Caedmonhimselfcouldnotreadorwrite.Cynewulf,wholivedinthe800s,was38authorofreligiouspoetry.

Lateinthe800s,thescholarlykingAlfredtheGreatandmanyhelperstranslatedimportantbooksfromLatin39English.ItwasunderAlfred40theAnglo–SaxonChronicle,animportantrecordoftheearlyhistoryofEngland,wasbegun.

6.

MoststudentsdoanIQtextearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthattheirIQis31determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoing32thanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshave33higherIQand34thereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.However,newresearch35EQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplyresultofahighIQ.

WhileyourIQtellsyouhow36（intelligence）youare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSalovery,37inventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription