职称英语阅读.docx

职称英语阅读.docx

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TheySayIreland'stheBest

Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldlolivefor2005．accordingtoalifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain.sEconomistmagazinelastweek．

TheambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheWorldisbasedol3theprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfactionandwell-being．

Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes．health．unemployment．climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswellaswhatthemagazinecalls"freedom，familyandcommunitylife"．

Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice.trafficcongestion（拥挤）,genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving.Irelandscoredanimpressive8.33pointsoutofl0．

Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe.troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest（最差的）,pickinguponly3.89points．

"Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,"thereportsaid."someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdown（崩溃）intraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact."

"Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife."

Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.

N0.2onthelistisSwitzerland．Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.

TheUKisportionedatN0.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics.TheUS,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDP（人均国内生产总值）afterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey．Chinawasinthelowerhaftoftheleagueat60th．

16For2,005years，Irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein.

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17Jobsecurityistheleastimportantmeasureoflifequality.

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18CostoflivinginIrelandisprettyhigh.

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19FamilylifeinZimbabweisnotstable．

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20lrelandispositionedatN0．1becauseitcombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwithsomegoodelementsoftheold.

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21Tomeasurelifequalityiseasy．

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22TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisamongthetop10countries.

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参考答案：

16.B17.C18.A19.C20.A21.B22.B

Norwich

Norwich,thecapitalofthepartofBritainknownasEastAnglia,hasbeeninexistenceformorethantwothousandyears.ItbeganasasmallvillagebesidetheRiverWensum.AtthetimeoftheNormaninvasionin1066ithadgrowntobecomeoneofthelargesttownsinEngland.

Withtwocathedralsandamosque（清真寺）,Norwichhaslongbeenapopularcentreforvariousreligions.Thefirstcathedralwasbuiltin1095andhasrecentlycelebratedits900thanniversary,whileNorwichitselfhadayearofcelebrationin1994tomarkthe800thanniversaryofthecityreceivingaRoyalCharter.Thisallowedittobecalledacityandtogovernitselfindependently.

Today,incomparisonwithplaceslikeLondonorManchester,Norwichisquitesmall,withapopulationofaround150,000,butinthe16thcenturyNorwichwasthesecondlargestcityofEngland.Itcontinuedtogrowforthenext300yearsandgotricherandricher,becomingfamousforhavingasmanychurchesasthereareweeksintheyearandasmanypubsastherearedaysintheyear.

Nowadays,therearefarfewerchurchesandpubs,butin1964theUniversityofEastAngliawasbuiltinNorwich.Withitsfast-growingstudentpopulationanditssuccessasamoderncommercialcentre（NorwichisthebiggestcentreforinsuranceservicesoutsideLondon）,thecitynowhasawidechoiceofentertainment:

theatres,cinemas,nightclubs,busycafes,excellentrestaurants,andanumberofartsandleisurecentres.Thereisalsoafootballteam,whosecoloursaregreenandyellow.Theteamisknownas"TheCanaries（金丝雀）",thoughnobodycanbesurewhy.

Nowthecity'sattractionsincludeanotherimportantdevelopment,amodernshoppingcentrecalled'TheCastleMall'.ThepeopleofNorwichlivedwithaverylargeholeinthemiddleoftheircityforovertwoyears,asbuildersdugupthemaincarpark.LorriesmovednearlyamilliontonsofearthsothattheroofoftheMallcouldbecomeacitycentrepark,withattractivewaterpoolsandhundredsoftrees.Butthelocalpeoplearereallypleasedthattheoldopenmarketremains,rightintheheartofthecityandnexttothenewdevelopment.Bothareascontinuetodogoodbusiness,provingthatNorwichhasmanagedtomixthebestoftheoldandthenew.

16TheRiverWensumflowsbyNorwich

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17PeoplehavelivedbytheRiverWensumforatleast2,000years

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18Norwichhasbeenacitysinceitsfirstcathedralwasbuilt

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19NorwichhasalwaysbeenoneofthesmallestEnglishcities

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20ThenumberofforeignstudentsinNorwichhasbeenincreasingsince1964.

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21Thefootballteamiscalled"TheCanaries"becauseofthecolourstheplayerswear.

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22Ittookmorethantwoyearstobuild"TheCastleMall"

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参考答案：

16.A17.A18.B19.B20.C21.B22.A

FairyTalesforAlltheWorld

Thisyear,theworldismarkingthe200manniversaryofDanishauthorHansChristianAndersenwithawiderangeofevents.

Andersen'staleshaveattractedmillionsofreadersformorethanacentury.Theycontinuetobeamongthebest-knownworksofworldliterature."TheUglyDuckling（小鸭）"and"TheLittleMermaid（美人鱼）"areamongthemostfamous.

HewasbornonApril2,1805,intheslumsofOdense,Denmark.Hisfatherwasashoemakerandhismotherworkedasawasher-woman.Andersenreceivedverylittleeducation,buthisfascinationwithfairytalesinspiredhimtocomposehisownstoriesandarrangepuppet（木偶）shows.

Hisfatherdiedwhenhewas11.Hewasforcedtogotowork,firstasanapprenticetoaweaverandtailorandtheninatobaccofactory.Attheageof14,hemovedtoCopenhagentotryacareerasasinger,dancerandactor.Hesanginaboy'schoir（合唱团）,buthemadeverylittlemoney.Healsotriedtheballet,buthisawkwardnessmadethisimpossible.

Finally,whenhewas17,JonasCollin,adirectoroftheRoyalTheatreinCopenhagendiscoveredAndersen.AfterhearingAndersenreadaplay,Collinrealizedthathehadtalent.AndhegotmoneyfromthekingforAndersen'seducation.

In1828,AndersenpassedtheentranceexaminationstotheuniversityinCopenhagen.Hiswritingswerefirstpublishedin1829.In1833,hereceivedgrantmoneyfortravel,whichheusedtovisitGermany,France,Switzerland,andItaly.Thesejourneyswererecordedinhistravelogues（旅行见闻）.In1835,Andersenpublished"FairyTalesforChildren,"whichcontainedfourshortstories.Heeventuallywrotearound168fairytales.Theyachievedsuccessinhislife-timeandwerewidelypublishedandtranslated.

Unhappinessalsofounditswayintomanyofhistaleswhichwerenotmeantmerelyforchildrenbutforadultsaswell.Heusedverysimplelanguageandstyletodisguisethemoralteachingsofhistales.

Andersenalsowrotenovels,playsandpoems.HediedathishomeinRolighedonAugust4,1875.

16AndersendiedonApril4,1875.

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17ChinesechildrenareparticularlyfondofAndersen'stales.

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18Andersenwasnotagoodballetdancer.

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19CollinmanagedtogetmoneyforAndersentoreceivemoreeducation.

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20Andersen'sfairytalesdidn'tachievesuccessuntilafterhedied.

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21Andersen'stalesnotonlytellstoriesbutalsoteachmorallessons.

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22Andersen'snovels,playsandpoemsarenotwell-known.

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参考答案：

16.B17.C18.A19.A20.B21.A22.C

PlantsinDesert

Onlyspecialplantscansurvivetheterribleclimateofadesert，fortheseareregionswheretheannualrangeofthesoiltemperaturecanbeover75℃.Furthermore，duringthesummertherearefewcloudsintheskytoprotectplantsfromthesun'sray.Anotherproblemisthefactthattherearefrequentlystrongwindswhichdrivesmall，sharpparticlesofsandintotheplants，tearinganddamagingthem.Themostdifficultproblemforallformsofplantlife，however，isthefactthattheentireannualrainfalloccursduringafewdaysorweeksinspring.

Grassesandflowersindesertsurvivefromoneyeartothenextbyexistingthroughthelong，hot，dryseasonintheformofseeds.Theseseedsremaininactiveunlesstherightamountofrainfalls.Ifnorainfalls，orifinsufficientrainfalls，theywaituntilthenextyear，orevenstillthenext.Anotherfactorthathelpstheseplantstosurviveisthefactthattheirlifecyclesareshort.Bythetimethatthewaterfromthespringrainsdisappears——justafewweeksafteritfalls——suchplantsnolongerneedany.

Theperennialshavespecialfeatureswhichenablethemtosurviveasplantsforseveralyears.Thus，nearlyalldesertperennialshaveextensiverootsystemsbelowgroundandasmallshootsystemaboveground.Thelargerootnetworkenablestheplanttoabsorbasmuchwateraspossibleinashorttime.Thesmallshootsystem，ontheotherhand，considerablylimitswaterlossbyevaporation.

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