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职称英语阅读
TheySayIreland'stheBest
Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldlolivefor2005.accordingtoalifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain.sEconomistmagazinelastweek.
TheambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheWorldisbasedol3theprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfactionandwell-being.
Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes.health.unemployment.climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswellaswhatthemagazinecalls"freedom,familyandcommunitylife".
Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice.trafficcongestion(拥挤),genderinequality,andthehighcostofliving.Irelandscoredanimpressive8.33pointsoutofl0.
Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.Zimbabwe.troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest(最差的),pickinguponly3.89points.
"Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued,"thereportsaid."someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdown(崩溃)intraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact."
"Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife."
Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.
N0.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.
TheUKisportionedatN0.29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics.TheUS,whichhasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDP(人均国内生产总值)afterLuxembourg,tookthe13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhaftoftheleagueat60th.
16For2,005years,Irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein.
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17Jobsecurityistheleastimportantmeasureoflifequality.
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18CostoflivinginIrelandisprettyhigh.
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19FamilylifeinZimbabweisnotstable.
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20lrelandispositionedatN0.1becauseitcombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwithsomegoodelementsoftheold.
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21Tomeasurelifequalityiseasy.
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22TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisamongthetop10countries.
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参考答案:
16.B17.C18.A19.C20.A21.B22.B
Norwich
Norwich,thecapitalofthepartofBritainknownasEastAnglia,hasbeeninexistenceformorethantwothousandyears.ItbeganasasmallvillagebesidetheRiverWensum.AtthetimeoftheNormaninvasionin1066ithadgrowntobecomeoneofthelargesttownsinEngland.
Withtwocathedralsandamosque(清真寺),Norwichhaslongbeenapopularcentreforvariousreligions.Thefirstcathedralwasbuiltin1095andhasrecentlycelebratedits900thanniversary,whileNorwichitselfhadayearofcelebrationin1994tomarkthe800thanniversaryofthecityreceivingaRoyalCharter.Thisallowedittobecalledacityandtogovernitselfindependently.
Today,incomparisonwithplaceslikeLondonorManchester,Norwichisquitesmall,withapopulationofaround150,000,butinthe16thcenturyNorwichwasthesecondlargestcityofEngland.Itcontinuedtogrowforthenext300yearsandgotricherandricher,becomingfamousforhavingasmanychurchesasthereareweeksintheyearandasmanypubsastherearedaysintheyear.
Nowadays,therearefarfewerchurchesandpubs,butin1964theUniversityofEastAngliawasbuiltinNorwich.Withitsfast-growingstudentpopulationanditssuccessasamoderncommercialcentre(NorwichisthebiggestcentreforinsuranceservicesoutsideLondon),thecitynowhasawidechoiceofentertainment:
theatres,cinemas,nightclubs,busycafes,excellentrestaurants,andanumberofartsandleisurecentres.Thereisalsoafootballteam,whosecoloursaregreenandyellow.Theteamisknownas"TheCanaries(金丝雀)",thoughnobodycanbesurewhy.
Nowthecity'sattractionsincludeanotherimportantdevelopment,amodernshoppingcentrecalled'TheCastleMall'.ThepeopleofNorwichlivedwithaverylargeholeinthemiddleoftheircityforovertwoyears,asbuildersdugupthemaincarpark.LorriesmovednearlyamilliontonsofearthsothattheroofoftheMallcouldbecomeacitycentrepark,withattractivewaterpoolsandhundredsoftrees.Butthelocalpeoplearereallypleasedthattheoldopenmarketremains,rightintheheartofthecityandnexttothenewdevelopment.Bothareascontinuetodogoodbusiness,provingthatNorwichhasmanagedtomixthebestoftheoldandthenew.
16TheRiverWensumflowsbyNorwich
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17PeoplehavelivedbytheRiverWensumforatleast2,000years
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18Norwichhasbeenacitysinceitsfirstcathedralwasbuilt
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19NorwichhasalwaysbeenoneofthesmallestEnglishcities
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20ThenumberofforeignstudentsinNorwichhasbeenincreasingsince1964.
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21Thefootballteamiscalled"TheCanaries"becauseofthecolourstheplayerswear.
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22Ittookmorethantwoyearstobuild"TheCastleMall"
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参考答案:
16.A17.A18.B19.B20.C21.B22.A
FairyTalesforAlltheWorld
Thisyear,theworldismarkingthe200manniversaryofDanishauthorHansChristianAndersenwithawiderangeofevents.
Andersen'staleshaveattractedmillionsofreadersformorethanacentury.Theycontinuetobeamongthebest-knownworksofworldliterature."TheUglyDuckling(小鸭)"and"TheLittleMermaid(美人鱼)"areamongthemostfamous.
HewasbornonApril2,1805,intheslumsofOdense,Denmark.Hisfatherwasashoemakerandhismotherworkedasawasher-woman.Andersenreceivedverylittleeducation,buthisfascinationwithfairytalesinspiredhimtocomposehisownstoriesandarrangepuppet(木偶)shows.
Hisfatherdiedwhenhewas11.Hewasforcedtogotowork,firstasanapprenticetoaweaverandtailorandtheninatobaccofactory.Attheageof14,hemovedtoCopenhagentotryacareerasasinger,dancerandactor.Hesanginaboy'schoir(合唱团),buthemadeverylittlemoney.Healsotriedtheballet,buthisawkwardnessmadethisimpossible.
Finally,whenhewas17,JonasCollin,adirectoroftheRoyalTheatreinCopenhagendiscoveredAndersen.AfterhearingAndersenreadaplay,Collinrealizedthathehadtalent.AndhegotmoneyfromthekingforAndersen'seducation.
In1828,AndersenpassedtheentranceexaminationstotheuniversityinCopenhagen.Hiswritingswerefirstpublishedin1829.In1833,hereceivedgrantmoneyfortravel,whichheusedtovisitGermany,France,Switzerland,andItaly.Thesejourneyswererecordedinhistravelogues(旅行见闻).In1835,Andersenpublished"FairyTalesforChildren,"whichcontainedfourshortstories.Heeventuallywrotearound168fairytales.Theyachievedsuccessinhislife-timeandwerewidelypublishedandtranslated.
Unhappinessalsofounditswayintomanyofhistaleswhichwerenotmeantmerelyforchildrenbutforadultsaswell.Heusedverysimplelanguageandstyletodisguisethemoralteachingsofhistales.
Andersenalsowrotenovels,playsandpoems.HediedathishomeinRolighedonAugust4,1875.
16AndersendiedonApril4,1875.
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17ChinesechildrenareparticularlyfondofAndersen'stales.
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18Andersenwasnotagoodballetdancer.
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19CollinmanagedtogetmoneyforAndersentoreceivemoreeducation.
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20Andersen'sfairytalesdidn'tachievesuccessuntilafterhedied.
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21Andersen'stalesnotonlytellstoriesbutalsoteachmorallessons.
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22Andersen'snovels,playsandpoemsarenotwell-known.
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参考答案:
16.B17.C18.A19.A20.B21.A22.C
PlantsinDesert
Onlyspecialplantscansurvivetheterribleclimateofadesert,fortheseareregionswheretheannualrangeofthesoiltemperaturecanbeover75℃.Furthermore,duringthesummertherearefewcloudsintheskytoprotectplantsfromthesun'sray.Anotherproblemisthefactthattherearefrequentlystrongwindswhichdrivesmall,sharpparticlesofsandintotheplants,tearinganddamagingthem.Themostdifficultproblemforallformsofplantlife,however,isthefactthattheentireannualrainfalloccursduringafewdaysorweeksinspring.
Grassesandflowersindesertsurvivefromoneyeartothenextbyexistingthroughthelong,hot,dryseasonintheformofseeds.Theseseedsremaininactiveunlesstherightamountofrainfalls.Ifnorainfalls,orifinsufficientrainfalls,theywaituntilthenextyear,orevenstillthenext.Anotherfactorthathelpstheseplantstosurviveisthefactthattheirlifecyclesareshort.Bythetimethatthewaterfromthespringrainsdisappears——justafewweeksafteritfalls——suchplantsnolongerneedany.
Theperennialshavespecialfeatureswhichenablethemtosurviveasplantsforseveralyears.Thus,nearlyalldesertperennialshaveextensiverootsystemsbelowgroundandasmallshootsystemaboveground.Thelargerootnetworkenablestheplanttoabsorbasmuchwateraspossibleinashorttime.Thesmallshootsystem,ontheotherhand,considerablylimitswaterlossbyevaporation.
Anotherfea