四川西南交通大学附属中学高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目及答案.docx
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四川西南交通大学附属中学高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目及答案
四川西南交通大学附属中学高考英语任务型阅读训练经典题目（及答案）
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．（2018•浙江）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.________
Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty（房产）neat,clean,andingoodrepair.________Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.
Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk.Takealongasmallgarbagebag.________Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea.
________ Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offertocollectmailandnewspapers.Ifaneighborsuffersanillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.Letthemknowyouaretheretohelpinanywaythisacceptable,whilestillrespectingtheprivacyofyourneighbor.
________Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral,youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciates.
A.Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone.
B.Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.
C.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.
D.Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping.
E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.
F.Peopletendtolakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.
G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly
【答案】G；F；E；B；C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了乔迁新居后更好更快地融入新社区的四大策略：
如保持清洁卫生、做个热情的有心人等。
⑴G此处是承上启下的句子，即呼应上一句“确保你做一个好邻居应该做的事”，后概括下文“做一个好邻居应该注意那些技巧”，故答案为G。
⑵F根据下文强调的outsideofthehome，联系到上文keepyourproperty（房产）neat,clean,andingoodrepair，所以此处谈论如从外观上让邻居接受你，故答案为F。
⑶E前文的smallgarbagebag是为了“pickupwastepaper”准备的，后一句的Thissmallact就是指捡废纸的这一举动，故答案为E。
⑷B此处是本段的主题句，后一句中的offertocollectmailandnewspapers正是帮助邻居做一些小事情的表现，所以答案为B。
⑸C此处是本段的主题句，后一句中的respectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhood均是consideratebehaviors，故答案为C。
【点评】这是一篇说明文，重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。
然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。
2．Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
Mealkits（餐具）cutfoodwastebutpackagingisaproblem
Homedeliverymealkitscanslash（大幅消减）foodwastebymorethantwo-thirds,butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.
________Thatmeansleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethedeliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste,buyingthesameingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingle-usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifyouhavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption,peoplewon'tover-buyandyouhavelessfoodwaste.Youfine-tunetheportionstowhatpeoplewillactuallyeat.
Beyondthecostofthewasteitself,thrown-awayfoodgeneratesmethane（甲烷）thatcontributestoclimatechange.________A2018reportfromtheBostonConsultingGroupfoundthatthewastewassettosoarbyathirdby2030whenglobalfoodwastewasestimatedtoreach2.1bntonnes.
Mealkitscanreducetransportemissionsiftheymeanpeopletakefewertripstothesupermarket.Ifpeopleonlywenttobuygoodsthatareunlikelytodecaysuchassoapandtoiletpaper,theymightonlyhavetovisitthesupermarketonceeverycoupleofmonths.Thatdeliverytruckcancarrymealsforyouanddozensofneighbors.________
Thestudyfoundthatevenifdeliveredmealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero,theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.________Alltheenvironmentalbenefitsarelost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused,youcangetsomebenefits.
A.However,mealkitsarelikelyheadingforthemainstream.
B.Ifit'ssingle-useandthrownaway,thepackagingisakiller.
C.Inthatcase,youmightreplacedozensofcartripswithonetrucktrip.
D.Mealknitsarriveonyourdoorstepbytruckfilledwitheveryingredientyouneed.
E.Tailor-mademealkitssavewastebyprovidingprecisequantitiesoffreshingredients.
F.Iffoodwastewasacountry,itwouldrankthirdinemissionsbehindtheUSandChina.
【答案】E；F；C；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
套餐可以减少食物浪费，但包装是个问题。
家庭送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食物浪费，但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装，使其更加环保。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Thatmeansleftoversareminimized. ”这意味着剩菜要尽量减少。
承接下文，E.Tailor-mademealkitssavewastebyprovidingprecisequantitiesoffreshingredients.“特制的餐盒提供精确数量的新鲜食材，节省浪费。
”切题。
下文中的that指该项的内容。
故选E。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“A2018reportfromtheBostonConsultingGroupfoundthatthewastewassettosoarbyathirdby2030whenglobalfoodwastewasestimatedtoreach2.1bntonnes.”"波士顿咨询集团2018年的一份报告发现，到2030年，全球食品浪费预计将达到21亿吨，预计垃圾将飙升三分之一。
承接下文，F.Iffoodwastewasacountry,itwouldrankthirdinemissionsbehindtheUSandChina.“如果食品浪费是一个国家，它的排放量将排在美国和中国之后，位列第三。
”切题。
故选F。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Thatdeliverytruckcancarrymealsforyouanddozensofneighbors. ”那辆送货卡车可以为你和几十个邻居送饭。
承接上文，C.Inthatcase,youmightreplacedozensofcartripswithonetrucktrip.“在这种情况下，你可以用一次卡车旅行来代替几十次汽车旅行。
”切题。
故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Alltheenvironmentalbenefitsarelost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused,youcangetsomebenefits.”所有的环境效益都丧失了。
但是如果包装可以重复使用，您可以获得一些好处。
承接下文，B.Ifit'ssingle-useandthrownaway,thepackagingisakiller.“如果一次性使用并被丢弃，包装就是一个杀手。
”切题。
故选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
3．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
Decodingtheyoungbrain
Therewasafunnyexperimenttoseehowayoungchildwouldansweraspecificquestioncomparedtoanadult.Aftertheadulthadspentsometimespeakingwiththechild,heaskedthechild,“Whatdoyouthinkaboutme？
”Thechildanswered,“Youtalktoomuch.”Whentheadultperformedthesameexperimentwithanotheradult,thereplytothesamequestionwas,“Ithinkyou'reaveryinterestingperson.”Eveniftheadultfeltthesamewayasthechild,hisbrainallowedhimtotakeamoment，considerthequestion,andcomeupwithananswer.Hecouldhavebeenannoyed,buthisanswerdidn'treflectitbecausehewasbeingpolite.
Thesecretliesinthescienceofthedevelopingbrain.Thechild'shonestanswerwasreflectedinthefactthathisbrainwasn'tequippedtofilter（过滤）informationbeforeansweringthequestion.Asaresult,hewashonest,buthesaidsomethingthatmayhavebeenhurtful.However,thechilddidnotintentionallyhurttheadult;it'sjustthewayhisbrainworks.Asachildgrowsintoadolescenceandthenintoadulthood,thatchanges.
Thehumanbrainismadeupofbillionsofneurons（神经元）.Inorderforourbodytoexecuteacommand,likegettingupfromachairandwalkingtotheotherroom,theneuronsinthebrainhavetocommunicatewitheachother.Theyalsohelpusemployoursensesliketasteandtouchandhelpusrememberthings.
Whentheneuronssendmessages,perhapsonesensation（感觉）thepersonfeelsisexcitementabouteatingacookiebecauseitissodelicious.Later,ifthatpersonsmellsacookieorhearssomeonetalkingaboutacookie,itcansparktheelectricalsignalsthatcallupthememoryofeatingthedeliciouscookie.Inanadult,heorshemayrememberthateatingtoomanycookiescanhaveconsequences,likeweightgain.Butbecausetheyoungerbrainismoreimpulsive（冲动的）,thedesiretofeelthepleasureofthesweettreatoutweighstheconsequences.
Thatisbecausewhenachildisyoung,hisbrainis“wired”insuchawaythatheseekspleasureandismorewillingtotakerisksthananadult.Thisaffectshisdecision-makingprocessanditiswhyyoungerpeopletendtobemoreimpulsive.Sometimesparentshavetotelltheirchildrenoverandoveragainbeforethechildremembersthatsomethingisdangerousorrisky.Howmanytimeshaveweheardaparentsay,“Itellherthisallthetime,butsheneverlistens！
”
Toconclude,whatweknowabouttheyoungbrainisthatchildrenaremorelikelythanadultstobeimpulsive.Itisn'talwaysnecessarilybecausetheyarebeingnaughty;itmayverywellbebecauseoftheirbrains.Sothenexttimeyouaskachildwhathereallythinksofyou,bepreparedforanykindofanswer.
Decodingtheyoungbrain
Anexperimentonayoungchild
Ayoungchildansweredthequestion________ thetopofhisheadwhileanadultpaused,and________twicebeforehefoundananswer.
Causesofthe________ reflectedintheexperiment
Thedevelopingbrainoftheyoungchildcontributedtohishonestanswer.
◆Hewasmorelikelytohurtoroffendothers________ hedidn'tintendtodoso.
◆It'sjustthewayhisbrainworksandwithhimgrowingup,thatchanges.
Billionsofneurons________upthehumanbrainhavetheirownmechanismforfunctioning.
◆Theneuronshavetocommunicatewitheachother,helpingusemployoursensesandrememberthings.
◆Apersonmay________ thesmellofacookiewiththememoryofeatingit.
◆Ayoungerbrainismoreimpulsivecomparedwithanadult's.
Ayoungchild'shavinganatural________ toseekpleasureandtakerisksresultsfromhisyoungbrain.
◆Thisaffectshisdecision-makingprocessa
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