工程管理专业超越边界的BIM大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文.docx
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工程管理专业超越边界的BIM大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计(论文)
外文文献翻译
文献、资料中文题目:
超越边界的BIM
文献、资料英文题目:
BIMBeyondBoundaries
文献、资料来源:
文献、资料发表(出版)日期:
院(部):
专业:
工程管理
班级:
姓名:
学号:
指导教师:
翻译日期:
2017.02.14
本科毕业论文
外文文献及译文
文献、资料题目:
BIMBeyondBoundaries
文献、资料来源:
DesignIntelligence
文献、资料发表(出版)日期:
2012.12.10
院(部):
管理工程学院
专业:
工程管理
班级:
姓名:
学号:
指导教师:
翻译日期:
2015.2.10
外文文献:
BIMBeyondBoundaries
September10,2012·byRandyDeutsch
Abstract:
Optingfordepthoverbreadthofexpertiseisafalsechoicethatwillleadindividuals,organizations,theprofession,andindustryinthewrongdirection.
Keywords:
BIM,expertise,anti-learning,masterbuilder
Severalforcesareconvergingtocreateanunprecedentedandtimelyopportunityfororganizationsthathaveembracedbuildinginformationmodeling(BIM).Theseforces—includingtheriseoftheexpert,thegrowingcomplexityandspeedofprojects,andBIM’sincreasingrecognitionasanenabler,catalyst,andfacilitatorofteamcollaboration—alsopresentsignificantchallengesthatcanbeovercomewiththerightapproachandmindset.
Atonetime,beinganexpertmeantknowingmorethanone’scompetitorsinaparticularfield.Firmsthatreinforcedtheirexpertculturehoardedinformation,whichresultedinsilosofexpertise.Today,manyfirmsarelookingtohirepeopleperceivedasbuildingandsoftwaretechnologyexperts,shortsightedlyaddressingtoday’sneedsattheexpenseoftomorrow’s.Whilearchitectshavealwaysbeentreeswithmanybranches,ourcurrenteconomicclimatehasdiscouragedthemfrombeinganythingbutpalmtrees:
alltrunk,nobranches.
Andyetthingschangesoquicklythatthosewhowenttobedexpertsareunlikelytowakeupexpertsinthemorning.Duetothespeedandcomplexityofprojects,wedonothavetimetoacquireknowledgetheoldway—slowly,overtime,throughtraditionalmeans.Evenwhenwesupplementourbooklearningwithconferences,webinars,andcontinuingeducation,itisimpossibletokeepupwiththeflowofnewinformationinourindustry.
Expertisetodayisamuchmoresocial,fluid,anditerativeprocessthanitusedtobe.Beinganexpertisnolongerabouttellingpeoplewhatyouknowsomuchasunderstandingwhatquestionstoask,whotoask,andapplyingknowledgeflexiblyandcontextuallytothespecificsituationathand.Expertisehasoftenbeenassociatedwithteachingandmentoring.Todayit’smoreconcernedwithlearningthanknowing:
lesstodowithcontinuingeducationandmorewithpracticingandengagingincontinuouseducation.
Socialmediapresentsthewould-beexpertwithbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Workingwiththeunderstandingthatsomebodysomewherehasalreadydonewhatyouaretryingtodo,designprofessionals,likeagiletechnologyexperts,canfindwhatthey’relookingforbytappingintotheirnetworksandaggregatingtheresponses.Conversely,duetotheriseofsocialmedia,virtuallyallanyonehastodotodaytobeconsideredatechnologyexpertistocallthemselvesone.Becausesocialnetworksallowpeopletoproclaimthemselvesexperts,itcanbehardtoknowwhototurnto,resultingintheriseofotherwiseunnecessarycertifications.
Anexperttodayissomeonewhosenetwork,community,orteamdeemshimorherso.Suchacknowledgmentfromone’scommunitycanbeconsideredaformofsocialcertification.Togrowone’sprofessionalreputation,expertiseinBIMcounter-intuitivelyrequiresunlearning,detachment,collaboration,anddevelopingbothdeepskillsandbroadinterests.
BIMEXPERTISEREQUIRESUNLEARNING
Aswegrowinourcareers,wetendtofocusmoreonpeopleissuesandlessontechnology.Wealsotendtocooperateconditionally,respondingtothebehaviorofothers.Thishashugeimplicationsfordesignandconstructionprofessionalswhomightbenaturallycollaborative—throughsharingknowledge,learning,mentoring,andteaching—butareotherwiseconditionedandtemperedbythecultureofthefirmwheretheywork.
WorkinginBIMprovidesanunprecedentedopportunitytolearn:
howbuildingsgotogether,howprojectsarescheduled,costimplicationsofdecisions,andimpactontheenvironment.Atthesametime,thereisagreatdealwestillneedtounlearnwithBIM.Wecanstartbyaskingsomequestions:
WhichaspectsofthetraditionaldesignprocesschangewithBIMandwhichstaythesame?
Whatknowledge,methodsandstrategiesmustbeabandonedduetoBIMandwhatiscriticaltokeep?
Andperhapsmostimportant:
What,whilelearningtoworkinBIM,needstobeunlearned?
WhileunlearninghabitswepickedupworkinginCADwouldseemlikeagoodplacetostart,there’salsoagreatdealweneedtounlearninordertoreturntoouroriginalsharingattitudeandcooperativeways.Theseincludebadhabitswe’veacquiredsinceweleftthecocoonofschoolandembarkedonthehardknocksofacareerinarchitectureandconstruction,wherewemayhavelearnedtobemistrustful,skeptical,competitive,secretive,andworkingindependentlyinsilos.Indoingso,we’veunlearnedmanyofthecriticalnaturalhabits,attitudes,andmindsetsnecessarytoworkeffectivelyandcollaborativelyonintegratedteams.
BIMEXPERTISEREQUIRESDETACHMENT
FromJapanesemartialartsthere’stheconceptofshuhari:
Firstlearn,thendetach,andfinallytranscend.AsconsultantIanRuskhasexplained,shu,ha,andriareconsideredthreephasesofknowledgethatonepassesthroughinthestudyofanart.Theycanbedescribedasthephasesoftraditionalknowledge,breakingwithtradition,andtranscendingit.
WorkinginBIM,weneedtoaddressallthreestepstomeetourgoals.Ofthesteps,thesecond(detachment,orbreakingwithtradition)isthemostimportant.Detachmentrequiresthatweremainflexibleandagilewhilelearning,notholdingontightlytoourideas,agendas,orprejudices,sothatwecanmovebeyondthem.
BIMEXPERTISEREQUIRESCOLLABORATION
WhileweasanindustryhavenowlivedwithBIMformorethantwodecades,mostfirmshaveacquiredandimplementedthetechnologyprimarilyasavisualizationandcoordinationtoolinthepastseveralyears.Weappeartohavereachedastandstillinthesoftware’suse,withmanyfirmleaderswonderinghowtomaketheleaptomoreadvanceduses.Furthermasteryoftheapplicationthroughtraditionalmeanswon’thelpusgetthere.Ifwearetoachieveourpersonal,organizational,professional,andindustry-widegoalsoffullyparticipatinginpublic,community,creative,andeconomiclife,somethingmoreneedstohappen.
AchievinghigherlevelsofBIMuse—includinganalysis,computation,andfabrication—requiresskillsandamindsetthatallowustoworkproductivelyandeffectivelyinacollaborativesetting.WorkingwithBIMenablesbutdoesn’tnecessarilyleadtocollaboration.WeeachhavetodecidewhetherornottolookbeyondBIMasatoolandembraceitasaprocess.Whenrecognizedasaprocess,BIMcanbeapowerfulcatalystandfacilitatorofteamcollaboration.
BIMEXPERTISEREQUIRESDEPTHANDBREADTH
ItwouldbeamistaketoassumethatexpertiseinBIMasatechnologyalonewillleadtogreaterleadershipopportunitiesonintegratedteams.Inthiscapacity,BIMrequiresattentiontoacquiringskillsthat,whileeasytoattain,canbeoverlookedifwefocusprimarilyonthesoftwaretools.
WithBIM,technicalexpertiseshouldnotbeconsideredmoreimportantthanincreasingone’ssocialintelligence,empathy,ortheabilitytorelatewellwithothers.Additionally,theconventionalwindowforachievingtechnologicalexpertiseistoolong.BetterthatoneachievesahighlevelofBIMcompetencymotivatedbypassionandcuriosity.Havingcompetencyinonesubjectdoesn’tprecludeyoufromaddressingothers.Infact,itcanbeadeterminantfordoingso.
Beingversatilefliesinthefaceofcurrentthinkingthattosucceedweshouldbolsterourstrengthsoverourweaknesses.TheanswertoShouldIbeaspecialistorgeneralist?
isyes.Theremustbepeoplewhocanseethedetailsaswellasthosewhocanseethebigpicture.Onegiftofthedesignprofessionalistherare(andunderappreciated)abilitytodobothsimultaneously.Aswithanyhybrid—generalizingspecialistorspecializinggeneralist—one’sstrengthprovidestheconfidencetocontributeopenlyfrommanyvantagepointsandperspectives.
Itiscriticalfor“T-shaped”expertstoreachoutandmakeconnections(thehorizontalarmoftheT)inalltheareastheyknowlittleornothingaboutfromtheirbaseoftechnicalcompetence(theverticalarmoftheT).T-shapedexpertshaveconfidencebecauseoftheirassurancethattheyknowordoonethingwell.Theirconfidenceallowsthemtoseeasothersseebymeansof—notthrough—whattheyknow.Theirexpertisedoesn’tcolortheirperceptionsomuchasprovideahomebasetoventurefromandreturntowithsomeassurancethatthey’llmaintaintheirbearingswhenventuringoutacrossthetable.
Broad-mindeddesignprofessionalsoftenfindthemselvesintheroleof“anti-experts,”approachingchallengesfromtheperspectiveoftheoutsider.TothisPaulaScherofPentagramsaid,“WhenI’mtotallyunqualifiedforajob,that’swhenIdomybestwork.”Oncewebalance,own,andultimatelyrealizeourexpertandanti-expertselves,we(asacommunity,profession,andindustry)willdoourbestwork.
WHATDOWEDONOW?
Firmswanttoknowhowtooptimizetheirworkprocessestobecomemoreefficientatwhattheydobest,toremaincompetitivebyleveragingthecompetitiveadvantageofBIMandintegrateddesign.OneoftheironiesfacingtheindustryisthatinordertomasterBIM,don’tlearnmoreBIM.Instead,dootherthings.
Whatwillbringaboutgreaterefficienciesandeffectiveness,increas