北京成人英语三级考试真题A卷.docx

北京成人英语三级考试真题A卷.docx

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北京成人英语三级考试真题A卷

2022年11月北京成人英语三级考试真题（A卷）

2022.11.06

PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs，butarchaeologists（考古学家）learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon”tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.

Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory--normally,thebacteria（细菌）intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.

In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!

Naturally,themencalledthepolice，whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?

Possibly--butitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman”sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!

Whywasthismansowellpreserved?

（76）Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefi:

omthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman”sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.

Howdidhedie?

Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.（77）Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn”tdoneheavymanualworkinhislife—hecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn”tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.

1.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comefrom?

A.French.B.Greek.C.Roman.D.German.

2.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto_______.

A.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objects

3.Whichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?

A.IceandIowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen.

C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.

B.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.

C.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.

D.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.

5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhatIsArchaeology?

B.ArchaeologyandHistory

C.AnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscovery

D.TheDeathof“LindowMan”

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodemart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.

Andyet,citylifeisn”teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs（损害）ourbasicmentalprocesses.（78）Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit”slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiesactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.

Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.

Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone（里程碑）.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we”recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofStrangers.Inrecentyears,it”sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.

Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble（涉足）inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.（79）Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants,cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.

6.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Thecityinspirestalentedpeople.

B.Thecityhurtsyourbrain.

C.Thecityhasmanypleasuresandbenefits.

D.Thecityseriouslyaffectsthenaturalbalance.

7.Theword“metropolis”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.

A.citizenB.natureC.cityD.stress

8.Peoplehavejustcometorealizethat_______.

A.humanattentionisascarceresource

B.citylifecanmakepeopleverytired

C.thecityisanengineofintellectuallife

D.anurbanenvironmentisdamagingtothebrain

9.Whatisthefactormentionedinthethirdparagraphthathelpsthehospitalpatientsrecovermorequickly?

A.Nature.B.Bettertreatment.

C.Experienceddoctors.D.Goodmedicine.

10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Differentaspects（方面）ofanurbanenvironment,suchasthecrowdedstreets,canleadtoanincreaseinself-control.

B.Smallchangesinurbandesign,cannotreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.

C.Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theearth”spopulationismoreurbanthanrural.

D.Awalkdownabusycitystreetwillimprovebrainperformance.

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Breastfeeding（母乳喂养）foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman”sriskofgettingdiabetes（糖病）laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenf~omCalifomia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.

AccordingtoSchwarz”sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis（诊断）ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.

Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.（80）“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody.”Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.

Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon”tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.

Thefindingisn”tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes（occurringduringpregnancy（怀孕））thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtothe-adviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.

B.EleanorSchwarz”sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes.

C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.

D.EleanorSchwarz”sresultsseemmorereliable.

12.AccordingtoSchwarz”sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?

A.Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.

B.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.

C.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.

D.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths.

13.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?

A.Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape.

B.Breastfeedingcan