华中师大《语用学》练习大全及答案.docx

华中师大《语用学》练习大全及答案.docx

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华中师大《语用学》练习大全及答案

《语用学》练习大全及答案

I．AnsweringQuestions:

Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions  inyourownwordsorwithreferencetounit1

1.Whoinventedtheterm"Pragmatics"?

2.Whenwas"Pragmatics"firstintroduced?

3.Wherewas"Pragmatics"introduced?

4.HowdoesMorrisunderstandsemiotics?

5.Whatarethethreesub-branchesofsemiotics?

6.WhatisCarnap'sunderstandingof"Pragmatics"?

7.Pleasegiveabriefsummarytotheterm"Pragmatics"

8.PleasedefinePragmatics.

9.WouldyoulistsomefactorsthatinfluenceourlanguageuseinChineseCulture?

10.WhatistheadvantageofstudyingPragmatics?

11.WhatisthedisadvantageofstudyingPragmatics?

12.PleasegiveanexampletoshowthedifficultiesofstudyingPragmatics.

13.IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?

14.IsphonologicalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?

15.IssemanticmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailure?

16.Pleasegiveanexampleofpragmaticfailure?

17.Whatdoesinferencemean?

18.Islanguageonlyamatterofliteralmeaning?

19.Doyouthinktheutterance"Ireallylikeyournewhaircut"isalwaysacompliment?

20.WhowrotethebookUnderstandingUtterances?

21.Whatisoneofthewriter'sconcernsinwritingthebook?

22.Whatarethepossibleinterpretationsofthephrase"Jane'scar"?

23.Doesthephrase"petmince"means"mincemadefrompet"

24.Whatdoes"yourbook"mean?

25.Whatisindeterminacy?

26.Areutterancesweheardeterminedorundeterminedinmostcases?

27.Whatislinguisticcontext?

28.Howwouldyoudefinenon-linguisticcontext?

29.Whatistheroleofcontextinunderstandingutterances?

30.Isplacepartofcontext?

31.Istimepartofcontext?

32.Pleaselistsomelinguisticelements.

33.Pleaselistsomenon-linguisticelements.

34.Analyzingthemeaningof"Butter,please"byreferringtorelevantcontext.

35.Analyzingthemeaningof"I'vegotaflattyre".

36.WhatarethescopesofPragmatics?

37.Whatisdeixis?

38.Howisdeixisoriginated?

39.Whatkindofrelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext?

40.Arethereanydeicticinformationinthesentence"Maryisagirl,sheisnineyearsold"?

41.Howmanytraditionalcategoriesarethereindeixis?

42.Whatisthecriterionofdividingdeixixintotheabovethreegroups?

43.Whydopeopleusedeicticwordsandphrasesincommunication?

44.Isthereanydeicticinformationinthesentence"Heisstillstandingthere"?

45.Isthereanydeicticinformationinthesentence"Iamgoingtoleavenow"

46.Whatisthegeneralroleofpersondeixis?

47.Whatisthefunctionofpersondeixisingeneral?

48.Howpersondeixixisrealizedlinguistically?

49.Doesthefirstpersonpronounonlyrefertospeakers?

50.Doesthesecondpersonpronounonlyrefertoaddressees?

51.Thirdpersonpronounformscanrefertospeakersinsomesituations,can'tthey?

52.Thirdpersonpronounformscanrefertoaddressesinsomecontext,can'tthey?

53.Whatiswe-inclusive-of-addressee?

54.Whatiswe-exclusive-of-addressee?

55.Pleasedefinevocatives?

56.Whenvocativesareusedascallsorsummons?

57.Whatisthegeneralfunctionofplacedeixis?

58.Pleaselistsomeplacedeicticwordsorphrases.

59.Isthereanycloserelationshipbetweencontextandplacedeixis?

60.Howdoyouunderstandgesturaluseofplacedeixis?

61.Pleasegiveanexampleofplacedeixis.

62.Whatissymbolicuseofplacedeixis?

63.Pleasegiveanexampleofplacedeixis.

64.Howwouldyoudefinedeicticuseofplacedeixis?

65.Whatisnon-deicticuseofplacedeixis?

66.Whatisthefocusofpragmaticstudyofplacedeixis,deicticornon-deictic?

67.Whataremotionverbs?

68.Whypragmatistsstudymotionverbunderplacedeixis?

69.Whatisthemostimportantpointinusingmotionverbstogetherwithadverbsindicatingplace?

70.Whatisthegeneralroleofpersondeixis?

71.Isthereanydeicticcenterintheuseofpersondeixis?

72.Isthereanydeicticcenterorpointofviewintheuseoftimedeixis?

73.Doestimedeixisdisplayanyuseofgesturaluse?

74.Isgesturalusepartofdeicticuseornon-deicricuse?

75.Issymbolicusepartofdeicticuseornon-deicricuse?

76.Whichisdeicticuse,calendricuseornon-calendricuse?

77.Whatisanimplicature?

78.Howwouldyoudefineconversationalimplicature?

79.Whatisthecognateofimplicature?

80.Whatisimplication?

81.Canyouexplainthedifferencebetweenimplicatureandimplication?

82.Howmanysignificancedoesconversationalimplicaturehave?

83.Whatarethethreesignificanceofconversationalimplicature?

?

84.Whatisthefirstsignificanceofconversationalimplicature?

85.Whatisthesecondsignificanceofconversationalimplicature?

86.Whatisthesecondsignificanceofconversationalimplicature?

87.Whatdoesconventionalimplicaturemean?

88.Pleasegiveexamplesofconventionalmeaningthatisnotsharedbyallcultures.

89.Whyareconventionalmeaningsnotsharedacrosscultures?

90.Howdoyouexplainculture-specificnatureoflanguageintermsofmeaning?

91.Isconventionalmeaningthesamewithconversationalmeaning?

92.Whatdopeoplerelyonwhentheyinfertheconversationalmeaning?

93.Areintendedmeaningsdrawnfromsemantic,logicalrelationshiporfromconversationalcontext?

94.Howdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaning?

95.Whatkindofactivityiscommunication?

96.Whydon'tpeoplesaywhattheymeanincommunication?

97.Whatdoesinferencemean?

98.Islanguageonlyamatterofliteralmeaning?

99.Doyouthinktheutterance"Ireallylikeyournewhaircut"isalwaysacompliment?

100.WhowrotethebookUnderstandingUtterances?

101.Whatisoneofthewriter'sconcernsinwritingthebook?

102.Whatarethepossibleinterpretationsofthephrase"Jane'scar"?

103.Doesthephrase"petmince"means"mincemadefrompet"

104.Whatdoes"yourbook"mean?

105.Whatisindeterminacy?

106.Areutterancesweheardeterminedorundeterminedinmostcases?

107.WhatdoesCPstandfor?

108.Whatdopeoplemeanwhentheymakeastatementbyobservingqualitymaxim?

109.Whatdopeoplemeanwhentheymakeapromisebyobservingqualitymaxim?

110.Howdopeopleobservequalitymaximbyaskingaquestion?

111.Whatistheimplicatureconveyedbypeoplewhentheyobservethequantitymaxim?

112.Howdopeopleobserverelationmaxim?

113.Howmanysub-maximsarethereinmannermaxim?

114.Whatarethey?

115.Whatisthethirdsub-maximofmanner?

116.Whatispeople'sgeneralexpectationintermsoffollowingmannermaxim

117.DopeoplealwayscommunicatebyfaithfullyfollowingallthemaximsofCP?

118.DoesGricenoticethatpeopleoftenviolateCP?

119.WhatisthepurposeforpeoplenottofollowCPsometimes?

120.Howdoyouunderstandbeingco-operative?

121.Whatdopeopledoiftheyviolatethefirstsub-maximofquality?

122.Howdopeopleviolatethesecondsub-maximofquality?

123.Dopeopleviolatequantitymaximiftheyprovidetomuchinformation?

124.Dopeopleviolatequantitymaximiftheyprovidetomuchinformation?

125.Howdopeopleviolaterelationmaxim?

126.Whatdopeopledoiftheyviolatethefirstsub-maximofmannermaxim?

127.Howdopeopleviolatethethirdsub-maximofmanner?

128.Whatdopeopledoiftheywanttoviolatetheforthsub-maxim?

129.Howmanyfeaturesdoesconversationalimplicaturehave?

130.Pleaseexplainthefeatureofcancellability?

131.Whatdoesthefeatureofnon-detachabilitymean?

132.Whatisthefeatureofcalculability?

133.CanimplicaturesbecalculatedifpeoplefollowCP?

134.CanimplicaturesbecalculatedifpeopleviolateCP?

135.Whatdoesnon-conventionalitymean?

136.Howwouldyouexplainindeterminacy?

137.Whatdoespolitenessmean?

138.Whoputsforwardthepolitenessprinciple?

139.Howwouldyouexplainpolitenessprinciple?

140.Doesselfrefertothespeaker?

141.Doesotheronlyrefertotheaddress?

142.Howmanysub-maximsarethereinpolitenessprinciple?

143.Areallthesub-maximsofpolitenessprincipleequallyimportant?

144.Whichismoreimportantinyouropinion,showingpolitenesstoselfortoother?

145.Whatdoesthepropertyofgradationmean?

146.Whatdoesthepropertyofconflictmean?

147.Whatdoesthepropertyofappropriatenessmean?

148.Howtoattendtothispropertyininteraction?

149.Whatarethetwoimportantelementsinthisproperty?

150.Pleasegiveanexampleofpayingattentiontothisproperty.

151.AreCPandPPequallyimportantincommunication?

152.DoyouagreetoputCPunderPP?

153.DoyouthinkthatPPisunderCP?

154.WhatdoyouthinkistherelationshipbetweenCPandPP?

155.WhatisLeech'sideaoftheirrelationship?

156.WhatisBrown'sopinionoftheirrelationship?

157.HowdoBrownandLevinsondefinethenotionofface?

158.Whatisfacewants?

159.Howmanyaspectsdoesfacenormallyhave?

160.Whatispositiveface?

161.Whatisnegativeface?

162.Doesnegativefacemeansomethingbad?

163.Aretwoaspectsoffaceisattackedwhenfaceisatrisk?

164.Pleasegiveanexampletoshowhowfacecanbethreatenedandsaved?

165.Whatisoffrecord?

166Whatisonrecord?

167.Whatispresupposition?

168.Ispresuppositionanotherpragmaticinference?

169.Whyisitimportantforustorelyonthepresuppositionincommunication?

170.Whatissemanticpresupposition?

171.Whatisthecharacteristicofsemanticpresupposition?

ⅡExplanations:

PleasebrieflyexplainthefollowingtermswithreferencetoMorris'view.

1.semiotics

2.pragmatics

3.semantics

4.syntactics

Pleasedefinethefollowingterms

5．Appropriacy

6．Indirectmeaning

ⅢMultipleChoices

Directions:

Foreachprobleminthispart,youarepresentedw