硕士研究生入学考试管理类联考英语二.docx
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硕士研究生入学考试管理类联考英语二
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题
管理类联考《英语二》
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEER.(10points)
Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentlysortofparentingthan,2,ayoungerone.
3,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto4:
apatient.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy6.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina7andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.
You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe9inevitablehappens:
Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould11backtheclockandstartover.Weallbeenthere.
12,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue.youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso14yourchild’sself-esteem.
Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids,thenyouaremodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionalregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills.
Certainly,it’sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchildren,Icanpromiseyouthis:
Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.
1.AtediousB.pleasantC.instructiveD.tricky
2.A.inadditionB.forexampleC.atonceD.byaccident
3.A.fortunatelyB.occasionallyC.accordinglyD.eventually
4.A.amuseB.assistC.describeD.train
5.A.whileB.becauseC.unlessD.once
6.A.answerB.taskC.choiceD.access
7.A.tolerantB.formalC.rigidD.critical
8.AmoveB.dragC.pushD.send
9.A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.suspiciousD.inevitable
10.A.boringB.naiveC.harshD.vague
11.A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup
12.A.overallB.insteadC.howeverD.otherwise
13.A.likeB.missC.believeD.regret
14.A.raiseB.affectC.justifyD.reflect
15.A.timeB.bondC.raceD.cool
16.A.natureB.secretC.importanceD.context
17.A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confusedD.confronted
18.A.terribleB.hardC.strangeD.wrong
19.A.tryingB.changingC.excitingD.surprising
20.A.hideB.emergeC.withdrawD.escape
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyatrunestosocialsignalsfromotherssothatidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.
Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial-for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.
Duringtheexperiment.Thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys.Andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandback’,yardsandsidetoside.
Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.
Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploring,andplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavorwhengettrapped,saysQuinn.
Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We’dhavetogiveitamovingheadandrail,facialfeatures.Andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary.”SaysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.
Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings.Evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocial,signals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.
21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan
A.Ipickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats
B.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone
C.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining
D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow
22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?
A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot
B.Itplayedwithsometoys
C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree
D.Itmovedaroundalone
23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.
A.triedtopracticeameansofescape
B.expectedittodothesameinreturn
C.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence
D.consideredthataninterestinggame
24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.
A.canrememberotherrat’sfacialfeatures
B.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes
C.respondmoretoactionsthantolooks
D.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels
25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.
A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurrounding
B.aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals
C.behavedifferentlyfromchildreniiisocializing
D.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected
【答案】ADBCD
Text2
ItisfashionabletodaytobashBigBusiness.Andthereisoneissueonwhichthemanycriticsagree:
CEOpay.WehearthatCEOsarepaidtoomuch(ortoomuchrelativetoworkers),orthattheyrigothers'pay,orthattheirpayisinsufficientlyrelatedtopositiveoutcomes.ButthemorelikelytruthisCEOpayislargelycausedbyintensecompetition.
ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporation--fromthe350largestsuchcompanies-nowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.
Whileindividualcasesofoverpaymentdefinitelyexist,ingeneral,thedeterminantsofCEOpayarenotsomysteriousandnotsomiredincorruption.Infact,overallCEOcompensationforthetopcompaniesrisesprettymuchinlockstepwiththevalueofthosecompaniesonthestockmarket.
ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpay,though,isthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheÚ.S.economy.
Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany."CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.
Thereisyetanothertrend:
virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,onewayoranother.Anagribusinesscompany,forinstance,mayfocusonR&DinhighlyIT-intensiveareassuchasgenomesequencing.Similarly,itishardtodoagoodjobrunningtheWaltDisneyCompanyjustbypickinggoodmoviescriptsandcourtingstars;youalsoneedtobuildafirmcapableofcreatingsignificantCGIproductsforanimatedmoviesatthehighestlevelsoftechnicalsophisticationandwithmanyfrontierinnovationsalongtheway.
Ontopofallofthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodothejobtheyhavealwaysdone-whichincludesmotivatingemployees,servingasaninternalrolemodel,helpingtodefineandextendacorporateculture,understandingtheinternalaccounting,andpresentingbudgetsandbusinessplanstotheboard.GoodCEOsaresomeoftheworld’smostpotentcreatorsandhavesomeoftheverydeepskillsofunderstanding.
26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?
A.Thegrowthinthenumberofcooperation
B.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy
C.Increasedbusinessopportunit