硕士研究生入学考试管理类联考英语二.docx

硕士研究生入学考试管理类联考英语二.docx

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硕士研究生入学考试管理类联考英语二

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题

管理类联考《英语二》

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEER.（10points）

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentlysortofparentingthan,2,ayoungerone.

3,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto4:

apatient.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy6.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina7andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe9inevitablehappens:

Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould11backtheclockandstartover.Weallbeenthere.

12,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue.youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso14yourchild’sself-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids,thenyouaremodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionalregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills.

Certainly,it’sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchildren,Icanpromiseyouthis:

Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.

1.AtediousB.pleasantC.instructiveD.tricky

2.A.inadditionB.forexampleC.atonceD.byaccident

3.A.fortunatelyB.occasionallyC.accordinglyD.eventually

4.A.amuseB.assistC.describeD.train

5.A.whileB.becauseC.unlessD.once

6.A.answerB.taskC.choiceD.access

7.A.tolerantB.formalC.rigidD.critical

8.AmoveB.dragC.pushD.send

9.A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.suspiciousD.inevitable

10.A.boringB.naiveC.harshD.vague

11.A.turnbackB.takeapartC.setasideD.coverup

12.A.overallB.insteadC.howeverD.otherwise

13.A.likeB.missC.believeD.regret

14.A.raiseB.affectC.justifyD.reflect

15.A.timeB.bondC.raceD.cool

16.A.natureB.secretC.importanceD.context

17.A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confusedD.confronted

18.A.terribleB.hardC.strangeD.wrong

19.A.tryingB.changingC.excitingD.surprising

20.A.hideB.emergeC.withdrawD.escape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyatrunestosocialsignalsfromotherssothatidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial-for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment.Thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys.Andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandback’,yardsandsidetoside.

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.

Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploring,andplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavorwhengettrapped,saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We’dhavetogiveitamovingheadandrail,facialfeatures.Andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary.”SaysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings.Evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocial,signals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.

21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan

A.Ipickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

B.distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

C.attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

D.sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

A.Itfollowedthesocialrobot

B.Itplayedwithsometoys

C.Itsetthetrappedratsfree

D.Itmovedaroundalone

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.

A.triedtopracticeameansofescape

B.expectedittodothesameinreturn

C.wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

D.consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.

A.canrememberotherrat’sfacialfeatures

B.differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

C.respondmoretoactionsthantolooks

D.canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.

A.appeartobeadaptabletonewsurrounding

B.aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

C.behavedifferentlyfromchildreniiisocializing

D.aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

【答案】ADBCD

Text2

ItisfashionabletodaytobashBigBusiness.Andthereisoneissueonwhichthemanycriticsagree:

CEOpay.WehearthatCEOsarepaidtoomuch（ortoomuchrelativetoworkers）,orthattheyrigothers'pay,orthattheirpayisinsufficientlyrelatedtopositiveoutcomes.ButthemorelikelytruthisCEOpayislargelycausedbyintensecompetition.

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporation--fromthe350largestsuchcompanies-nowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.

Whileindividualcasesofoverpaymentdefinitelyexist,ingeneral,thedeterminantsofCEOpayarenotsomysteriousandnotsomiredincorruption.Infact,overallCEOcompensationforthetopcompaniesrisesprettymuchinlockstepwiththevalueofthosecompaniesonthestockmarket.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpay,though,isthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheÚ.S.economy.

Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto"runthecompany."CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.

Thereisyetanothertrend:

virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,onewayoranother.Anagribusinesscompany,forinstance,mayfocusonR&DinhighlyIT-intensiveareassuchasgenomesequencing.Similarly,itishardtodoagoodjobrunningtheWaltDisneyCompanyjustbypickinggoodmoviescriptsandcourtingstars;youalsoneedtobuildafirmcapableofcreatingsignificantCGIproductsforanimatedmoviesatthehighestlevelsoftechnicalsophisticationandwithmanyfrontierinnovationsalongtheway.

Ontopofallofthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodothejobtheyhavealwaysdone-whichincludesmotivatingemployees,servingasaninternalrolemodel,helpingtodefineandextendacorporateculture,understandingtheinternalaccounting,andpresentingbudgetsandbusinessplanstotheboard.GoodCEOsaresomeoftheworld’smostpotentcreatorsandhavesomeoftheverydeepskillsofunderstanding.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

A.Thegrowthinthenumberofcooperation

B.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

C.Increasedbusinessopportunit