专业英语答案.docx
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专业英语答案
KeytoExercise
Unit1ChemicalIndustries
1.theIndustrialRevolution
2.organicchemicals
3.thecontactprocess
4.theHaberprocess
5.syntheticpolymers
6.intermediates
7.artificialfertilizers
8.pesticides（cropprotectionchemicals）
9.syntheticfibers
10.pharmaceutical
11.researchanddevelopment
12.petrochemical
13.computers（automaticcontrolequipment）
14.capitalintensive
SomeChemicalsUsedInOurDailyLife
Food
artificialfertilizers,pesticide,veterinaryproducts
Health
antibiotics,β-blockers
Clothing
syntheticfibers（e.g.polyesters,polyamides）,
syntheticdyes
Shelter
syntheticpolymers（e.g.urea-formaldehyde,polyurethanes）,
plastics
Leisure
plasticsandpolymers（e.g.nylon）
Transport
additives（e.g.anti-oxidants,viscosityindeximprovements）,
polymers,plastics
Unit2ResearchandDevelopment
1.R&D
2.ideasandknowledge
3.processandproducts
4.fundamental
5.applied
6.productdevelopment
7.existingproduct
8.pilotplant
9.profitbility
10.environmentalimpact
11.energycost
12.technicalsupport
13.processimprovement
14.effluenttreatment
15.pharmaceutical
16.sufficientlypure
17.Reaction
18.unreactedmaterial
19.by-products
20.theproductspecification
21.Productstorage
Unit3TypicalActivitiesofChemicalEngineers
1.Mechanical
2.electrical
3.civil
4.scale-up
5.commercial-size
6.reactors
7.distillationcolumns
8.pumps
9.controlandinstrumentation
10.mathematics
11.industry
12.academia
13.steam
14.coolingwater
15.aneconomical
16.toimprove
17.P&IDrawings
18.EquipmentSpecificationSheets
19.Construction
20.capacityandperformance
21.bottlenecks
22.TechnicalSales
23.neworimproved
24.engineeringmethods
25.configurations
Unit4SourcesofChemicals
1.inorganicchemicals
2.derivefrom（originatefrom）
3.petrochemicalprocesses
4.Metallicores
5.extractionprocess
6.non-renewableresource
7.renewablesources
8.energysource
9.fermentationprocess
10.selective
11.rawmaterial
12.separationandpurification
13.foodindustry
14.tobewetted
15.Keytosuccess
16.Crushingandgrinding
17.Sieving
18.Stirringandbubbling
19.Surfaceactiveagents
20.Overflowing
Unit5BasicChemicals
1.Ethylene
2.aceticacid
3.Polymerization
4.Polyvinylacetate
5.Emulsionpaint
High-volumesector
Low-volumesector
Productionscale
tenstohundredsofthousandstonsperyear
tenstoafewthousandstonsperyear
Products/aplant
singleproduct
multi-products
Operationmanner
continuous
batch
Priceorprofit
fairlycheap
veryprofitable
Usage
intermediates
end-products
Challenges
reduceddemand,
environmentpollution
Productsinthesector
sulphuricacid,
phosphorus-containingcompounds,
nitrogen-containingcompounds,
chlor-alkali,
petrochemicals,
commoditypolymers
agrochemicals,
dyestuffs,
pharmaceuticals,
specialitypolymers
Unit6Chlor-AlkaliandRelatedProcesses
1.Ammonia
2.ammoniaabsorber
3.NaCl&NH4OH
4.Carbondioxide
5.NH4Cl
6.Rotarydrier
7.LightNa2CO3
8.Water
Product
Rawmaterial
Majorstepsor
Principalreactions
Uses
Soda-ash
brine,
limestone
ammoniating,
carbonating,
precipitating,
filtering,
drying,
calcining
rawmaterialfor
glassmaking,
sodiumsilicate;
asanalkali
Chlorine
brine
2Na++2Cl-+2H2O→NaOH+Cl2+H2
aswaterpurification,bleachingofwoodpulp;productionof
vinylchloride,solvents,inorganicchlorine-containingproducts
Causticsoda
brine
2Na++2Cl-+2H2O→NaOH+Cl2+H2
forpaper-making,manufactureofinorganicchemicals,
synthesesoforganicchemicals,
productionofaluminaandsoap
Sulfuricacid
elementalsulphur
S+O2→SO2
SO2+O2→SO2
SO3+H2O→H2SO4
feedstockforfertilizers;productionofethanol,hydrofluoricacid,aluminumsulphates
Unit7Ammonia,NitricAcidandUrea
1.kineticallyinert
2.someironcompounds
3.exothermic
4.conversion
5.areasonablespeed
6.lowerpressures
7.highertemperatures
8.capital
9.energy
10.steamreforming
11.carbonmonoxide
12.secondaryreformer
13.theshiftreaction
14.methane
15.3:
1
1787
C.Berthollet
discoversthecompositionofammonia
1903
FritzHaber
synthesizesammonia
1909
FritzHaber
drivestheoptimumreactionconditions
1909-1914
C.Bosch,A.Mittasch
scale-uptheprocess
1913
inBASF
buildapilotplant
1919
FritzHaber
receivestheNobleprice
1920s
inBritainandAmerica
IntroducetheHaberprocess
1931
C.Bosch
receivestheNobleprice
Unit8PetroleumProcessing
1.organicchemicals
2.H:
Cratios
3.hightemperaturecarbonization
4.crudetar
5.pyrolysis
6.poorselectivity
7.consumptionofhydrogen
8.thepilotstage
9.surfaceandunderground
10.fluidizedbed
11.Biotechnology
12.sulfurspecies
Unit9Polymers
Abbreviation
Nameofpolymer
LDPE
Lowdensitypolyethylene
低密度聚乙烯
HDPE
Highdensitypolyethylene
高密度聚乙烯
LLDPE
Linearlowdensitypolyethylene
线性低密度聚乙烯
PETorPBT
Polyethyleneterephthalate（PET）
Polybutyleneterephthalate（PBT）
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯
聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯
PVC
Polyvinylchloride
聚氯乙烯
PS
Polystyrene
聚苯乙烯
POM
Polyoxymethylene
聚甲醛
PP
Polypropylene
聚丙烯
PC
Polycarbonate
聚碳酸酯
PPO
Polyphenyleneoxide
聚苯醚
PTFE
polytetrafluoroethylene
聚四氟乙烯
PF
phenol-formaldehyderesins
酚醛树脂
PMMA
poly（methylmethacrylate）
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯
UF
urea-formaldehyderesins
脲醛树脂
Nameofpolymer
CompanyorInventor
Yearintroduced
Phenol-formaldehyderesin
Baekland
1909
Urea-formaldehyderesin
1929
Alkydresin
late1920s
Poly（styrene-butadiene）
Germany
Poly（acrylonitrile-butadiene）
Germany
Poly（vinylchloride）
Germany
Polystyrene
Germany
polyethylene
ICI
1938
Nylon
Dupont
1941
Polyacrylonitrile
Dupont
1948
Terylene
ICI
1949
Epoxyresins
Dupont
1955
polypropylene
Montecatini
1956
LLDPE
late1970s
Unit10WhatIsChemicalEngineering
Microscale（≤10-3m）
●Atomicandmolecularstudiesofcatalysts
●Chemicalprocessinginthemanufactureofintegratedcircuits
●Studiesofthedynamicsofsuspensionsandmicrostructuredfluids
Mesoscale（10-3－102m）
●Improvingtherateandcapacityofseparationsequipment
●Designofinjectionmoldingequipmenttoproducecarbumpersmadefrompolymers
●Designingfeedbackcontrolsystemsforbioreactors
Macroscale（>10m）
●Operabilityanalysisandcontrolsystemsynthesisforanentirechemicalplant
●Mathematicalmodelingoftransportandchemicalreactionsofcombustion-generatedairpollutants
●Manipulatingapetroleumreservoirduringenhancedoilrecoverythroughremotesensingofprocessdata,developmentanduseofdynamicmodelsofundergroundinteractions,andselectiveinjectionofchemicalstoimproveefficiencyofrecovery
Course
Coursecontent
ScienceandMath.
Chemistry,Physics,Biology,MaterialScience,Mathematics,ComputerInstruction
ChemicalEngineering
Thermodynamics,Kinetics,Catalysis,
RectorDesignandAnalysis,UnitOperations,ProcessControl,ChemicalEngineeringLaboratories,Design/Economics
Otherengineering
ElectricalEngineering,Mechanics,EngineeringDrawing
HumanitiesandSocialscience
Understandtheoriginsofone’sowncultureaswellasthatofothers
Unit12WhatDoWeMeanbyTransportPhenomena?
1.density
2.viscosity
3.tubediameter
4.Reynolds
5.eddies
6.laminarflow
7.turbulentflow
8.velocityfluctuations
9.solidsurface
10.idealfluids
11.viscosity
12.Prandtl
13.fluiddynamics
Unit13UnitOperationsinChemicalEngineering
1.physical
2.unitoperations
3.identical
4.A.D.Little
5.fluidflow
6.membraneseparation
7.crystallization
8.filtration
9.materialbalance
10.equilibriumstagemodel
11.Hydrocyclones
12.Filtration
13.Gravity
14.Vaccum
Unit14DistillationOperations
1.relativevolatilities
2.contactingtrays
3.reboiler
4.anoverheadcondenser
5.reflux
6.plates
7.packing
8.strippingsection
9.rectifyingsection
10.energy-inputrequirement
11.overallthermodynamicefficiency
12.trayefficiencies
13.Batchoperation
14.composition
15.arectifyingbatch
Sieveplate
Bubble-capplates
Valveplates
Cost
low
high
middle
Capacity
high
low
middle
Operatingrange
low
high
middle
Efficiency
same
same
Same
Pressuredrop
low
high
middle
1<2<3
Unit15SolventExtraction,LeachingandAdsorption
1.aliquidsolvent
2.solubilities
3.leaching
4.distillation
5.extract
6.raffinate
7.countercurrent
8.afluid
9.adsorbedphase
10.400,000
11.originalcondition
12.totalpressure
13.equivalentnumbers
14.H+orOH–
15.regenerant
16.processflowrates
17.deteriorationofperformance
18.closelysimilar
19.stationaryphase
20.mobilephase
21.distributioncoefficients
22.selectivemembranes
23.synthetic
24.ambienttemperature
25.ultrafiltration
26.reverseosmosis（RO）.
Unit16Evaporation,CrystallizationandDrying
1.concentratesolutions
2.solids
3.circulation
4.viscosity
5.heatsensitivity
6.heattransfersurfaces
7.thelongtube
8.multiple-effectevaporators
9.vacuum
10.condensers
11.supersaturation
12.circulationpump
13.heatexchanger
14.swirlbreaker
15.circulatingpipe
16.product
17.non-condensablegas
18.barometriccondenser
Dryertype
Generalfeatures
Application
Traydryers
Batchoperation,
Closecontrolofdryingconditionsandproductinventory
Dryingvaluableproducts
Conveyordryers
Continuouscirculation,
Highdryingrates,
Goodproduct-quality,
Highthermalefficiencies,
Highinitialandmaintenancecost
Dryingmaterialsthatformabedwithanopen
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