大学英语语法汇总.docx

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大学英语语法汇总.docx

大学英语语法汇总

大学英语语法汇总

 

 

————————————————————————————————作者:

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大学英语语法汇总

1、名词

(1)以S结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致

1、以s结尾的疾病和游戏

arthritis,bronchitis,rickets,measles,mumps,diabetes,darts,marbles做主语时谓语动词应使用单数形式。

例:

Arthritis causespainin thejoints.

特殊情况:

有一些疾病/游戏名词作谓语动词可单可复:

measles,rickets

Cards做主语动词用复数;darts,marbles指游戏使用的具体的镖和弹子意义时,谓语动词marbles可单可复,darts用复数形式。

例:

Measles always cccur/occursamongkids.

Ninedartsarethrown at eachturn.

2、以s结尾的学科名称

physics,mathematics,optics,acoustics,politics,athletics,tactics,linguistics,etc做主语时谓语动词使用单数。

例:

Mathematicsisalwaysa headacheforgirls.

 Politicsalwaysattracts boys.

特殊情况:

如果这些词并不是只带“学科”等意义,谓语动词便可做复数使用。

例如,mathematics运算能力,athletic体育运动,acoustics音响效果,tactics策略,economics经济学意义。

例:

Theacoustics in BonJovi’sTulsaconcertwerebeyondcriticismlastspring.

3、以s结尾的地理名称

The States,theunitedstates,the Netherlands,thePhilippines,theUnited Arab Emirates,theUnitedNation做主语时,谓语动词使用单数。

例:

TheNetherlandsisaEuroupeancountry.TheSatesisadevelopedcountry

特殊情况:

如果主语是群岛archipelago,山脉mountains,海峡straits,瀑布waterfalls,运动会games等,谓语动词则使用复数。

例:

TheNansha Islands(TheSpratlyIslands)are integralpartof China.

TheWuyimountains arepicturesque.

TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfour years.

4、其他以S结尾的名词

(1)成双成对出现的名词做主语时:

例如jeans,compasses(圆规)scissors,pincers,glasses,pants,shorts,trousers,slacks,suspenders等谓语动词使用复数.

例:

Theslacksareso completeful.TheHengdali glassesareso pricey.但是加上单位词则使用单数。

例:

Onepair ofglassesis farfromenough when youtravelabroad.

(2)英语中还有一些以s结尾的名词,如archives,arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,firecrackers,goods,morals,thanks等,谓语动词使用复数。

例:

Thefirecrackersareso loud.Manythanksgo tomywifeandherfloks.

(3)Ings结尾的名词谓语动词一般使用复数。

如,clippings,diggings,earnings,fillings,sweepings,etc

例:

Hisearningsareprettygood.

特殊情况:

tidings(旧)做主语时谓语动词可单可复。

例Good tidingsarecheerful.

(4)英语中有一些词,单复数同形,例如barracks,headquarters,means,series,species,works,sheep,deer谓语动词根据实际情况而定。

例:

Thismeansoftransportationdoesnotworkforme.

 Thismeanshave been tried.

 Theseendangeredspecies arewellprotected inmainlandChina.

(5)少数的名词做单数和复数时意义不一样。

例:

Whatistheodds?

(有什么要紧)

Theoddsareinourfavors.(形式对我们有利)

特殊情况:

Remains做“遗体”时,谓语动词使用复数,如果当“遗迹”“剩余物”时,谓语动词可单可复。

例:

Theprimeminister’sremains were buriedinthevicinityofthechurch. 

Thereremainsof theancientcapitalhasbeenreducedtodebrisafterthemassivequake.

Theremains ofthemeal was/were fedtothedog.

(2)集体名词做主语的主谓一致

1、通常做复数的集体名词police,people,cattle,militia,poultry,personal,clergy,vermin等做主语时谓语动词使用复数。

例:

Theclergy remaindividedontheissueof womenpriests.

 The personal(总称:

员工)arereluctantto alter therules.

2、通常做单数的集体名词:

foliage(叶子总称),machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,clothing(clothes),poetry(poem,poet),baggage,luggage,scenery,jewellery(jewel).

例:

AllthemachineryismadeinChina. 

Thewoodenfurniture isunaffordable.

3、可单可复的集体名词:

congregation,family,government,public,crew,class,committee,audience,couple,nation,population等谓语动词根据实际情况对待。

例:

Thefamilyisalargeone.Thefamilyareeatingsalmonattable.

4、Acommittee/panel/boardof+pl.,谓语动词通常使用单数。

   例:

A panelofexpertsis togiveits opinionon waystotackle congestion.

(3)problems ofconcordwithacoordinatesubjiect

1、and连接的是一个人/一件事

例:

Theteacherandinterpreter hasbeenlaidup foracoupleofdays.

Earlytobedearlytorisemakesa man healthy,wealthy,andwise.

2、and连接成对出现的名词:

knifeandfork,cart andhorse,needleand thread,law and order,breadandbutter,hamandeggs,cerealandmilk,fish andchips,pancakes and syrup,etc.

例:

Breadandbutterisatasty breakfastin westernculture.

Fish andchipsisapopularytake-awayfoodthatoriginatedintheUnited Kingdom.

3、and连接every/each/no/manya+单数名词,谓语动词使用单数。

例:

Everymaleandeveryfemalehastoevacuate fromthepowerplant.

Many amanand womanin thiscommunityfindshimself orherself inneed.

Noboy andnogirlisplayingtennis.

4、and连接专有名词:

theStarsandStripes,the Batandball.

例:

Thebat and Ballisa delightfulInnwithlotsofexposedbeams,flagstonefloors,roaring logfires&cathedralcandlesallcreating atraditionalvillageatmosphere.

The Stars andStripeswasadoptedas theflagoftheUnitedStates on June14,1777.

5、or/either...or.../not..but../notonly..butalso../neither..nor..连接的主语按Theprincipleofproxiomity(就近原则)

例:

EitheryouorIamwrong.AreeitheryouorIwrong?

6、主语+asmuchas/ratherthan/morethan/nolessthan/aswellas/inadditionto/with/alongwith/togetherwith/except/but,etc.

例:

Ateacher ,withhis students,iswatchinganEnglishmovie.

Theking ,withthelords and commons ,constitutestheirgovernment.

Hiscousinratherthanhisparentsis heldresponsiblefor thisinhumanemassacre

(4)Problemsofconcord withexperessionsofquantity as subject

1、Definite Quantity(确定数量)

①时间、数量、金钱、距离、重量等做主语时作为整体看待

例:

100dollarsmeansalottoakind ofhisage.300pounds makes anobeseguy.

②Therebe句型例外:

There are 10 dollaresinhispocket.

③Fraction分数/percentage百分数+of,谓语动词和of后的名词保持一致

例:

Twothirdsofthe appleisrotten.

Eight percentof thestudents havebeen muggedin thisarea.

④population例Fifty-fivepercentofChina’spopulationliveintheruralarea

⑤operations运算

Addition加:

plus,and Aubtraction减:

minus,subtractedby

Multiplication乘:

(multiplied)by,times Division除:

divided by

都可以使用单数,但是加法和乘法有时候可以用复数。

Fortyminus twenty leavestwenty.Two timesequalssixteen.

⑥onein/outofn.一般使用单数,有时使用复数

例:

Oneintengirls datesincollege.

2、Indefinite Quantity(不确定数量)

①all/some/none/half/mostof+n.谓语动词根据of后面的名词来定

例:

Mostofthemoneyhasbeenspent ontraveling abroad.

Mostof theAmericanhigh schoolboys havedates.

None butthebestcoffee isgoodenoughforLynne.

②aportion/series/pile/panelof,of后面的名词一般使用单数

例:

Apileof logs is pilingup.A panelofexpertsisunabletoreachanagreement.

③akind/type/sortof,of后面通常跟不可数名词或者单数名词,谓语动词使用单数。

Thistypeofsportscarisreally costly.但Cars of thistypearecostly.

④these/thosekindof+pl.谓语动词使用单数

例:

These kindofbirdsaresorare forthis high latitude.

⑤manya/morethanone谓语动词使用单数

例:

Manyastudent has filedcomplaints.

Morethanone carcompanyhaslodgedclaimsagainst KumhoTires.

3、Other problemsofS-Vconcord

①NominalClause名词性从句谓语动词一般使用单数

例:

Howhecameherewas amystery.

Howhecamehereandwhyhecame here weremysterious

②SVC结构中,如果C是名词复数,那么谓语动词可单可复。

例:

Whatisofimportance tomeis/arethedetailsofmywife’slife.

③Non-finiteClauses,doing/todo做主语谓语动词使用单数

例:

Tosee is tobelieve.Totake Mandarintakes courage.

④RelativeClauses,定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词保持一致。

例:

Janeis oneofthefew girlswhodon’tlikeproms.

⑤***oneof...,the(very/only)oneof...

例:

Jane istheonlyoneofthefew girlswho does’slike proms.

⑥CleftSentences,强调句谓语动词和主语一致。

例:

It’sIwho ammistanken.

⑦ExistentialSentences,Theprinciple ofproximity(就近原则)

例:

Thereis athank-younoteandtwowrist bandsonthetable.

4、Miscellaneous(其他)

①The+adj.:

the dead/rich/living/wealthy/wounded/blind/deafect谓语动词复数

例:

Thedeadare hauntingthe girlslivingon thatcornoroftheneighborhood.

②a(the)numberof,a(the)totalof区分

A numberoffarmers areprotestingagainstbuildinganewairporton thefarmland.

③Oneandahalf做主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。

例:

Oneandahalfbananasislefton thetable.

④Largequantities ofsandhavebeentransported totheYangtze River.

(4)CollectiveNouns

1、有的集体名词只做复数:

people,police,cattle,verminect.

 有的集体名词只做单数:

mankind,furniture,machinery,merchandiseect.

 有的集体名词可单可复:

family,crew,governmentect.

特殊情况:

有一些集体名词具有个体意义:

Thecossetedcouplehavefour familiesto support.

Thefamily are eatinglunch.

The familyis composedofthree people.

Beforeliberation,Chinausedtohave two governmentsforawhile.

The governmentistrying tocurbonlinecrimes.

Thegovernmentarenegotiatingthein-depthdetailswiththeforeignentyepreneur.

2、MaterialNouns,物质名词一般为不可数名词,没有单数、复数之分。

特殊情况:

物质名词如果作为复数出现,意义不同。

haveabeer?

Havetwo beers

havetea

Longjingisaworld-famous tea.

whitehair

He has afewwhitehairs.

sand sands

沙沙滩

waterwaters

水大片水体

food/fruit foods/fruits

食物/水果多种食物/水果

coffee/two coffees

咖啡/两杯咖啡

rubber(橡皮胶鞋)

橡胶

We wear rubbersonour feetwhenit rains.

stone(石头)

石料

Marbleis apreciousstone.

Egg(鸡蛋)

蛋渍

Thereis someegg onhisnose.

Lamb(羔羊)

羊羔肉

Thereislambontoday’smenu.

onion(洋葱头)

洋葱味

Yousmellofonion.

 

Wood(树林)

 

木材

Thechairsaremadeofwood/thelostman yelled,hopingthat someinthewoodscouldhearhim.

iron(熨斗)

Ihaveone steamiron.

Paper(论文,报纸)

纸张

Ihaveapapertoweite.

Glass(玻璃杯)

玻璃

This isamade oftemperedglass.

cloth(一块布)

布料

This isa clothforthe table.

Chicken(小鸡)

鸡肉

Myniece raises achickenas herpet.

Fire(火灾)

Afire brokeoutinthetrailerpark lastnight

3、AbstractNouns,抽象名词没用单复数之分,因为不能计数。

例:

Knowledgeispower.Beautyistruth.Kindnessis avirtue.

但是有的抽象名词使用单数和复数意义不同。

sympathy(同情、怜悯)

sympathies(慰问、同情、怜悯)

experience(经验)

experiences(经历)

relation(关系)

relations(亲戚)

youth(青春)

youths(男青年)

worry(忧愁、烦恼)

worries(烦恼事)

distraction(心烦)

distractions(心烦得事)

business(商业、交易)

bussinesses(商店、商行)

kindness(仁慈)

kindness(善行)

Success(成功)

Successes(成功者、成功得事)

failure(失败)

Failures(失败者、失败的事)

Space(空间)

Aspace(空格)

disappointment(失望)

disappointments(令人失望得事)

4、family,room,mouth,ear在某些搭配中可以表示抽象概念。

例:

havetoomuchfamily/winter/mouth

Havetoolittleear,makeroom for,feelthe patriotrise

5、man,croward,coquette,politician,sportsman,scholar,poet,fool等词在某些搭配中成了不可数名词。

例:

tobefoolenough,moreof a foolthan,asmuch ofafool as,too much of afool,enoughof aman,somethingofacelebrity

6、专有名词有时候具有可数名词来使用。

例:

The SongsusedtoholdswayinChina.

Iwishtobecome anEdison.Iwillbuya Ford/Lincoln.

TheTwoChinas PolicycannotbebrookedbytheChinesepopulation.

(5)Independ

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