大学英语3 第8课.docx

大学英语3 第8课.docx

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大学英语3第8课

大学英语精读第三册08

大耳朵英语　　2005-09-3000:

36:

08　【打印】

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UnitEight

Clickthebuttontolistentothetext

Daydreaminghasalwayshadabadreputation,

butnowscientificresearchhasrevealedthatdaydream-

ingmayactuallyimproveyourmentalhealthand,cre-

ativity.Itcanevenhelpyouachieveyourdesired

goals.

DAYDREAMALITTLE

EugeneRaudsepp

"Daydreamingagain,Barb?

You'llneveramounttoanythingifyou

spendyourtimethatway!

Can'tyoufindsomethingusefultodo?

"

Manyyoungstershaveheardwordslikethosefromtheirparents.And

untilrecentlythishostileattitudetowardsdaydreamingwasthemostcom-

monone.Daydreamingwasviewedasawasteoftime.Oritwasconsidered

anunhealthyescapefromreallifeanditsduties.Butnowsomepeopleare

takingafreshlookatdaydreaming.Somethinkitmaybeaveryhealthy

thingtodo.

Attitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesameway

thatattitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.Onceitwasthought

thatnighttimedreamsinterferedwithourneededrest.Butthenresearchers

triedinterruptingthedreamsofsleepers.Theylearnedthatsleeperswho

aren'tallowedtodreamlosethebenefitsofrest.Theybecometenseand

anxious.Theybecomeirritable.Theyhavetroubleconcentrating.Their

mentalhealthistemporarilydamaged.Tofeelwellagain,theymustbeal-

lowedtodream.

Nowresearchersarefindingthatdaydreamingmayalsobeimportant

tomentalhealth.Daydreaming,theytellus,isagoodmeansofrelaxation.

Butitsbenefitsgobeyondthis.Anumberofpsychologistshaveconducted

experimentsandhavereachedsomesurprisingconclusions.

Dr.JoanT.Freyberghasconcludedthatdaydreamingcontributesto

intellectualgrowth.Italsoimprovesconcentration,attentionspan,andthe

abilitytogetalongwithothers,shesays.Inanexperimentwithschool

children,thissameresearcherfoundthatdaydreamingledthechildrento

paymoreattentiontodetail.Theyhadmorehappyfeelings.Theyworked

togetherbetter.Anotherresearcherreportedthatdaydreamingseemedto

produceimprovedself-controlandcreativeabilities.

Butthat'sonlypartofthestory.Themostremarkablethingabout

daydreamingmaybeitsusefulnessinshapingourfuturelivesaswewant

themtobe.IndustrialistHenryJ.Kaiserbelievedthatmuchofhissuccess

wasduetothepositiveuseofdaydreaming.Hemaintainedthat"youcan

imagineyourfuture."FlorenceNightingaledreamedofbecominganurse.

TheyoungThomasEdisonpicturedhimselfasaninventor.Fortheseno-

tableachievers,itappearsthattheirdaydreamscametrue.

Dr.HarryEmersonFosdickbelievedthatthewaywepictureourselves

isoftenthewayweturnout.Heofferedthisadvice:

"Holdapictureof

yourself...inyourmind'seye,andyouwillbedrawntowardit.Picture

yourselfvividlyasdefeated,andthatalonewillmakevictoryimpossible.

Pictureyourselfaswinning,andthatwillcontributeimmeasurablytosuc-

cess.Donotpictureyourselfasanything,andyouwilldrift..."

Theexperiencesofsomeathletesseemtoconfirmthisbelief.Forin-

stance,JohnUelses,aformerpole-vaultingchampion,useddaydreaming

techniquesbeforeeachmeet.Hewouldimaginehimselfwinning.Hewould

vividlypicturehimselfclearingthebaratacertainheight.Hewouldgo

overallthedetailsinhismind.Hewouldpicturethestadiumandthe

crowds.He'devenimaginethesmellofthegrassandtheearth.Hesaid

thatthisexerciseoftheimaginationleftmemorytracesinhismindthat

wouldlaterhelphisactualperformance.

Whywouldamentalvisionofsuccesshelpproducerealsuccess?

Dr.

MaxwellMaltz,asurgeonandauthor,saysthis:

"Yournervoussystem

cannottellthedifferencebetweenanimaginedexperienceandarealexperi-

ence.Ineithercaseitreactsautomaticallytoinformationthatyougive

it...Itreactsappropriatelytowhatyouthinkorimaginetobetrue."

Hebelievesthatpurposefuldaydreamingbuildsnew"memories"inthe

brain.Thesepositivememoriesimproveaperson'sself-image.Andself-

imagehasanimportanteffectonaperson'sactionsandaccomplishments.

Canyouusepurposefuldaydreamingtoshapeyourownfuture?

Why

nottry?

Hereishowthosewhobelieveincreativedaydreamingrecommend

goingaboutit.Chooseatimewhenyoucanbealoneandundisturbed.

Closeyoureyes,topermityourimaginationtosoarmorefreely.Manypeo-

plefindthattheygetbestresultsbypretendingthattheyaresitting

beforealargescreen.Theyprojectthedesiredimageofthemselvesonto

thatscreen.

Nowpictureyourself-asvividlyaspossible-thewayyouwanttobe.

Remembertopictureyourdesiredgoalsasifyouhadalreadyattained

them.GooverallthedetailsofthispictureSeethemclearlyandsharply.Im-

pressthemstronglyonyourmemory.Theresulting,memorytraceswill

supposedlystartaffectingyoureverydaylife.Theywillhelpleadyouto

theattainmentofyourgoals.

Ofcoursedaydreamingisnosubstituteforhardwork.Ifit'sathletic

achievementyouwant,youalsohavetogetlotsofpracticeinyoursport.

Youhavetoworkhardtodevelopskills.Ifit'sschoolsuccessyou'reafter,

youcan'tneglectstudying.Daydreamingalonecan'tturnyouintoyour

heart'sdesire.Butincombinationwiththemoreusualmethodsofself-

development,itmightmakeacriticaldifference.Itcouldbethedifference

betweenbecomingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.

Ifwhatresearchersaresayingistrue,alifelivedwithoutfantasiesand

daydreamsisn'tasrichandrewardingaslifecanbe.Sotheysuggest

settingasideafewminuteseachdayfordaydreaming.Bysodoing,you

mayimproveyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.Bytakingaten-or

fifteen-minute"vacation"intotherealmofimaginationeachday,you

mayaddmuchtotheexcitementandenjoymentofyourlife.And

whoknows:

Youmightseeyourowndaydreamscometrue.

Clickthebuttontolistentothepronunciationsofnewwords

NewWords

hostilea.

unfriendly;belongingtoanenemy敌对的

viewvt.

consider,regard

escapen.&v.

逃跑;逃避

nighttimea.

occurringatnight

interferevi.

getinthewayofanother干涉;妨碍

interferencen.

researchern.

apersonwhodoesresearch

benefitn.

advantage,profit,goodeffect益处

tensea.

feelingorshowingnervousanxiety紧张的

irritablea.

easilyannoyedormadeangry

meansn.

methodorway

psychologistn.

personwhohasstudiedorisskilledinpsychology心理学家

contributevi.

helpinbringingabout贡献

growthn.

growing;development

concentrationn.

concentratingorbeingconcentrated

spann.

lengthoftimeduringwhichsth.continuesorworkswell一段时间

self-controln.

controlofone's.ownfeelings,behavior,etc.

creativea.

havingthepowertocreate;inventive

remarkablea.

deservingattention;unusual,outoftheordinary显著的;非凡的

shapevt.

influenceand.determinethecourseorformof形成,塑造

industrialistn.

oneowninganindustryorengagedinitsmanagement

maintainvt.

stateorassertastrue;keepup断言;维持

picturevt.

imagine;makeapictureof

inventorn.

apersonwhomakesuporproducessth.new

notablea.

outstanding;worthyofnotice著名的;值得注意的

achievern.

onewhoachieves;winner

vividlyad.

inalivelymanner生动地,逼真地

vivida.

immeasurablyad.

toanextentordegreetoogreattobemeasured;beyondmeasure

driftvi.

floatorbedrivenalongbywind,wavesorcur-rents漂（流）

athleten.

personwhoistrainedandskilledinphysicalexercisesandwhocompetesingamesthatneedstrengthandspeed运动员

pole-vaultingn.

jumpingwiththehelpofalongpoleheldinthehands撑竿跳

championn.

personorteamtakingthefirstplaceinacompetition冠军

meetn.

（AmE）gatheringesp.forcompetitivesports

clearvt.

getpastoroverwithouttouching

barn.

横竿;杆;条状物

stadiumn.

露天体育场

tracen.

markshowingthatsb.orsth.hasexistedorhappened痕迹

memorytrace

chemicalchangeoccurringinthebrainwhennewinformationisabsorbedandremembered记忆痕（脑部吸收或记忆信息时所产生的化学变化）

visionn.

sth.seeninthemind'seye;thepowerofimagination想象（力）

automaticallyad.

自动地;无意识地

automatica.

appropriatelyad.

properly,suitably

appropriatea.

purposefula.

havingaconsciouspurpose

self-imagen.

viewofoneself自我形象

accomplishmentn.

sth.completelyandsuccessfullydone成就

recommendvt.

adviseorsuggest;speakfavorablyof建议;推荐

soarvi.

flyorgouphighintheair;rise翱翔;升腾

screenn.

whitesurfaceonwhichcinemafilms,TVpro-grams,etc.areshown银幕;屏幕

projectvt.

causeapicturefromafilmorslidetofallonasurface,etc.映,投射

goaln.

one'saimorpurpose目标

attainvt.

succeedinarrivingat,esp.aftereffort,reach获得;达到

supposedlyad.

presumably;probably

affectvt.

haveaneffecton影响

attainmentn.

theactofattaining;（usu.pl）sth.successfullyreachedorlearnt,esp.askill

substituten.

apersonorthingactinginplaceofanother代替者;借用品

athletica.

havingtodowithactivegamesandsportsmenoforconcerningathletes

achievementn.

sth.successfullyfinishedorgained成就

afterprep.

inpursuitof;insearchof

neglectvt.

paynoattentionto;givenoornotenoughcareto忽视

combinationn.

joiningorputtingtogether结合

methodn.

wayofdoingsth.

merelyad.

only;simply

well-beingn.

healthandhapp