英语阅读一自考题6.docx
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英语阅读一自考题6
英语阅读
（一）自考题-6
（总分：
100.00，做题时间：
90分钟）
一、{{B}}第一部分选择题{{/B}}（总题数：
0，分数：
0.00）
二、{{B}}Ⅰ.CAREFULREADING{{/B}}（总题数：
0，分数：
0.00）
三、{{B}}Passage1{{/B}}（总题数：
1，分数：
10.00）
QueenElizabethⅡ'spronunciationofEnglishhasbeeninfectedbyhersubjects,Aussiescientistssay.
PhoneticistsfromSydney'sMacquarieUniversitystudiedarchiverecordingsoftheQueen'sannualChristmasmessagetotheCommonwealthfromthe1950sto1980s,analyzingherMajesty'stowels.
TheythencomparedthosevowelswiththestandardaccentofsouthernEngland,asusedbyfemaleBritishbroadcastersontheBBCinthe1980s,toseehowtheroyalaccenthadchanged.
Theirconclusion:
thecut-glassspeechoftheearlyyearsoftheQueen'sreignhasbecome—howshallwesay—somewhatcommonerovertheyears.
ThatinitselfsubtlymirrorsthechangesisBritain,fromacountrywitharigidsocialhierarchyfourdecadesagotoonewhereclassdifferenceshaveblurredandinsomeareasdisappeared.
"TheQueen'spronunciationofsomevowelshasbeeninfluencedbythestandardsouthern-Britishaccentofthe1980swhichismoretypicallyassociatedwithspeakerswhoareyoungerandlowerinthesocialhierarchy,"theresearcherssay.
StandardspeechinsouthernEnglandhasbeeninfluencedbyCockneys,whoseaccentwasinitiatedbyDickVanDykeintheWaltDisneymovie"MaryPoppins".
PuristswillbereassuredthattheQueen's"Hice（house）ofWindsor"willnotbecomethe"OuseofWindsor"（bydroppingthe'h'）intheforeseeablefuture.
However,therehavebeenchangesin10outofthe11vowelsoundsinthestandardEnglish.
ThesechangesbringherspeechclosertothatofherCockneysubjects,theresearchersfound.
Anexampleofthisisthewayinwhichshepronounces"had".Inthe1950s,theroyalpronunciationofthiswordalmostrhymedwith"bed".But30yearslater,ithadmigratedhalfwaytothestandardsouthernEnglishpronunciation,whichrhymes"had"with"bad".
TheAustralianteamsaythepronunciationofalllanguagesalterssubtlyovertime,mainlybecauseofinfluencefromtheyoung,anditisfoolishforanyonetotrytopreventchange.
"Thechancesofsocietiesandacademiessuccessfullypreservingaparticularformofpronunciationagainsttheinfluenceofcommunityandsocialchangesareunlikely,"theysay.
TheresearchwaspublishedDecember21inNature,theBritishscienceweekly.（分数：
10.00）
（1）.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?
∙A.ThepronunciationofalllanguageschangesSubtlyovertime.
∙B.Itisnotalwayseasytopreserveaparticularformofpronunciation.
∙C.TheQueen'sEnglishhasbecomecommoner.
∙D.Classdifferenceshaveblurredandevendisappeared.
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：
[解析]主旨题。
这种题目的答案往往在主题句中。
该篇的主题句在第四段。
答案为C。
（2）.WhodidtheresearchintotheQueen'spronunciation?
∙A.AnAustralianresearchgroup.
∙B.PhoneticiansfromaBritishUniversity.
∙C.ABritishscienceweekly.
∙D.TheBBCbroadcasters.
（分数：
2.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：
[解析]细节题。
文章开头第二段就已经指出了研究英皇发音的是来自悉尼一所大学的语音学家。
B选项说是英国的一所大学；C选项提到的Britishscienceweekly则是出版该研究的单位。
答案为A。
（3）.TheQueen'spronunciationofSomevowelshasbeeninfluencedby______.
∙A.femaleBritishbroadcastersontheBBCinthe1980s
∙B.thesocialchangesinBritaininthe1980s
∙C.thestandardspeechinsouthernEngland
∙D.hersubjectsintheCommonwealthcountries
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：
[解析]推理题。
文章第六段第一句为该题答案。
而四个选项中只有B选项更接近原文。
C选项具有迷惑性，但未指出时间是十九世纪八十年代。
而原文中已说明影响英女皇发音的南部口音与讲这种口音的社会阶层更低的年轻一代有很大关系，这种口音的背景是八十年代的社会变革。
答案为B。
（4）.BysayingthatthechangeintheQueen'sEnglishmirrorsthesocialchangesinBritain,thewritermeans______.
∙A.therigidsocialhierarchy40yearsagohascollapsed
∙B.theQueen'saccenthasbeeninfluencedbythelowerclass
∙C.theQueen'saccentisassociatedwiththeyoungerspeakers
∙D.thesocialdifferencesinBritainarenolongerasdistinctasbefore
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：
[解析]推理题。
题干意为如何理解“女皇发音的变化反映出英国的社会变革”，这是文章第五段第一句的前半句。
实际上，后半句就是它的解释。
而A选项的说法错误，等级制度并没有完全瓦解（collapsed），文章只是说在部分地区等级制度消失了。
答案为D。
（5）.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotstated?
∙A.TheresearchersanalyzedtheQueen'svowelstoseehowtheroyalaccenthadchanged.
∙B.TheresearchersfoundthattheQueen'saccentisclosertothatofherCockneysubjects.
∙C.Itisunlikelytopreserveaparticularaccentagainstsocialchangesandinfluenceofcommunity.
∙D.ThechangeinthepronunciationofaparticularlanguageiscloselyassociatedwiththeRoyalspeech.
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：
[解析]细节题。
选项A、B、C都能在文章中找到对应部分，只有D选项在文中没有提及。
答案为D。
四、{{B}}Passage2{{/B}}（总题数：
1，分数：
10.00）
WhotakescareoftheelderlyintheUnitedStatestoday?
Thefactisthatfamilymembersprovideover80%ofthecarethatelderlypeopleneed.Inmostcasestheelderlyliveintheirownhomes,averysmallpercentageofAmerica'selderlyliveinnursinghomes.
SamuelPreston,asociologistattheUniversityofPennsylvania,studiedhowtheAmericanfamilyischanging.HereportedthatbythetimetheaverageAmericancouplereachesabout40yearsofage,theirparentsareusuallystillalive.ThestatisticsshowthechangeinlifestylesandresponsibilitiesofagingAmericans.Theaveragemiddle-agedcouplecanlookforwardtocaringforelderlyparentssometimeaftertheirownchildrenhavegrownup.Moreover,becausepeopletodaylivelongerafteranillnessthanpeopledidyearsago,familymembersmustprovidelong-termcare.Thesefactsalsomeanthataftercaregiversprovidefortheirelderlyparents,whowilleventuallydie,theywillbeoldandmayrequirecaretoo.Whentheydo,theirspouses（配偶）willprobablytakecareofthembecausetheyhavehadfewerchildrenthantheirparentsdid.
BecauseAmericansarelivinglongerthanever,moresocialworkershavebeguntostudywaysofcaregivingtoimprovethecareoftheelderly.Theyhavefoundthatallcaregiversshareacommoncharacteristic:
theybelievethattheyarethebestpeopleforthejob.Thesocialworkershavealsodiscoveredthreebasicreasonswhythecaregiverstakeontheresponsibilityofcaringforanelderly,dependentrelative.Manycaregiversbelievetheyhadanobligation（职责）tohelptheirrelatives.Somethinkthathelpingothersmakesthemfeelmoreuseful.Othershopethatbyhelpingsomeonenow,theywilldeservecarewhentheybecomeoldanddependent.（分数：
10.00）
（1）.SamuelPreston'sstudyshowsthat______.
∙A.lifestylesandresponsibilitiesoftheelderlyarenotchanging
∙B.mostAmericancouplesover40havenolivingparents
∙C.middleagedAmericanshavetotakecareoftheirchildrenandparentsatthesametime
∙D.elderlypeoplemayneedcareforalongtimebecausetheylivelongerafteranillness
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：
[解析]细节题。
由第二段内容可知，A、B、C项均错误，由“Moreover,becausepeople...providelong-termcare”一句可知，D项正确。
答案为D。
（2）.Whowillmostprobablytakecareofthemiddle-agedAmericanswhentheyneedcarethemselves?
∙A.Theythemselves.
∙B.Theirclosefriends.
∙C.Theirchildren.
∙D.Theirhusbandsorwives.
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：
[解析]推理题。
由第二段最后一句可知，他们夫妻间相互照顾。
D项正确。
答案为D。
（3）.Allcaregiversbelievethattheycan______.
∙A.carefortheirelderlyparentsbetterthananyotherpeople
∙B.keepclosertotheiroldparentsbythismeans
∙C.domuchbetteriftheyhaveajobassocialworkers
∙D.improvethecareoftheelderlywiththehelpofthesocialworkers
（分数：
2.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：
[解析]细节题。
由第三段第二句“Theybelievethattheyarethebestpeopleforthejob”可知A项正确。
bethebestpeopleforsth.意为“做某事做得最好的人”。
答案为A。
（4）.Whichofthefollowingisnotareasonwhypeoplelookaftertheirrelatives?
∙A.Theyfeeltheyareofusetootherpeople.
∙B.Theywanttosetanexampletotheirchildren.
∙C.Theythinkitistheirdutytohelptheirrelatives.
∙D.Theyhopetheydeservecarewhentheyneedit.
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：
[解析]细节题。
从最后一段的后三句话可知，A、C、D项均是人们照顾亲人的原因，B项文中没有提到。
答案为B。
（5）.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
∙A.Mostoldpeoplelivelongertodayafteranillnessthanpeopledidyearsage.
∙B.Manyoldpeopleareputintonursinghomesbytheirfamilies,whodonotvisitthemregularly.
∙C.Mostelderlypeoplearetakencareofbytheirfamilies,whoassumetheresponsibilityfordifferentreasons.
∙D.Mostelderlypeoplearesatisfiedwiththebetterwaysofcaregivingthatsocialworkershavecomeupwith.
（分数：
2.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：
[解析]主旨题。
本文讲了美国老人问题，他们常由家人照顾，并且讲述了他们家人照顾他们的原因。
答案为C。
五、{{B}}Passage3{{/B}}（总题数：
1，分数：
10.00）
Beforethe1850'stheUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,churchconnectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwastoshapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.
ThroughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped,bearingtheancientnameofuniversity.InGermanyadifferentkindofuniversityhaddeveloped.TheGermanuniversitywasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.Betweenmidcenturyandtheendofthe1800's,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfiedwiththeirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.Someofthemreturnedtobecomepresidentsofvenerablecolleges,Harvard,Yale,Columbiaandtransformthemintomodernuniversities.Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtinanewkindoffaculty.Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausetheywereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.Thenewprinciplewasthatauniversitywastocreateknowledgeaswellaspassiton,andthiscalledforafacultycomposedofteacher'scholars.DrillingandlearningbyrotewerereplacedbytheGermanmethod
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