最新考研《英语一》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析三.docx

最新考研《英语一》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析三.docx

《最新考研《英语一》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析三.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《最新考研《英语一》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析三.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

最新考研《英语一》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析三

考研《英语

（一）》冲刺模拟试题及答案解析（三）

　SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Whenanyoneopensacurrentaccountatabank,heislendingthebankmoney.Hemay1therepaymentofthemoneyatanytime,either2cashorbydrawingacheckinfavorofanotherperson.3,thebanker-customerrelationshipisthatofdebtorandcreditorwhois4dependingonwhetherthecustomer’saccountis5creditorisoverdrawn.But,in6tothatbasicallysimpleconcept,thebankanditscustomer7alargenumberofobligationstooneanother.Manyoftheseobligationscangive8toproblemsandcomplicationsbutabankcustomer,unlike,say,abuyerofgoods,cannotcomplainthatthelawis9againsthim.

Thebankmust10itscustomer’sinstructions,andnotthoseofanyoneelse.11,forexample,acustomeropensanaccount,heinstructsthebanktodebithisaccountonlyin12ofchecksdrawnbyhimself.Hegivesthebank13ofhissignature,andthereisaveryfirmrulethatthebankhasnorightor14topayoutacustomer’smoney15acheckonwhichitscustomer’ssignaturehasbeen16.Itmakesnodifferencethattheforgerymayhavebeenavery17one:

thebankmustrecognizeitscustomer’ssignature.Forthisreasonthereisno18tothecustomerinthepractice,19bybanks,ofprintingthecustomer’snameonhischecks.Ifthis20forgery,itisthebankthatwilllose,notthecustomer.（254words）

1.[A]acquire[B]deposit[C]demand[D]derive

2.[A]for[B]through[C]as[D]in

3.[A]However[B]Primarily[C]Moreover[D]Presumably

4.[A]which[B]what[C]how[D]that

5.[A]on[B]with[C]in[D]for

6.[A]support[B]contrast[C]regard[D]addition

7.[A]owe[B]commit[C]attribute[D]embark

8.[A]purpose[B]rise[C]priority[D]thought

9.[A]loaded[B]offended[C]discriminated[D]directed

10.[A]conform[B]comply[C]obey[D]abide

11.[A]Unless[B]Although[C]Since[D]When

12.[A]respect[B]charge[C]line[D]place

13.[A]specifics[B]signs[C]symbols[D]specimens

14.[A]reputation[B]prestige[C]authority[D]impact

15.[A]by[B]on[C]with[D]for

16.[A]printed[B]confirmed[C]forged[D]justified

17.[A]delicate[B]skillful[C]unusual[D]unique

18.[A]risk[B]guarantee[C]fault[D]benefit

19.[A]engaged[B]intended[C]adapted[D]adopted

20.[A]contributes[B]facilitates[C]results[D]leads

　SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

WhenDr.JohnW.Gofman,professorofmedicalphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaandaleadingnuclearcritic,speaksof“ecocide”inhisadversaryviewofnucleartechnology,hemeansthefollowing:

AlargenuclearplantlikethatinKalkar,theNetherlands,wouldproduceabout200poundsofplutoniumeachyear.Onepound,releasedintotheatmosphere,couldcause9billioncasesoflungcancer.Thiswasteproductmustbestoredfor500,000yearsbeforeitisofnofurtherdangertoman.Intheanticipatedreactoreconomy,itisestimatedthattherewillbe10,000tonsofthismaterialinWesternEurope,ofwhichonetable-spoonfulofplutonium-239representstheofficialmaximumpermissiblebodyburdenfor200,000people.Ratherthanbeingbiodegradable,plutoniumdestroysbiologicalproperties.

In1972theU.S.OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationruledthattheasbestoslevelintheworkplaceshouldbeloweredto2fiberspercubiccentimeterofair,buttheeffectivedateoftherulinghasbeendelayeduntilnow.TheInternationalFederationofChemicalandGeneralWorkers’Unionsreportthatthe2-fiberstandardwasbasedprimarilyononestudyof290menataBritishasbestosfactory.ButwhentheworkersattheBritishfactoryhadbeenreexaminedbyanotherphysician,40—70percenthadX’rayevidenceoflungabnormalities.Accordingtopresentmedicalinformationatthefactoryinquestion,outofatotalof29deathsthusfar,sevenwerecausedbylungcancer.AnaverageEuropeanorAmericanworkercomesintocontactwithsixmillionfibersaday.“Wearenow,infact,findingcancerdeathswithinthefamilyoftheasbestosworker,”statesDr.IrvingSelikoff,oftheMountSinaiMedicalSchoolinNewYork.

Itisnowalsoclearthatvinylchloride,agasfromwhichthemostwidelyusedplasticsaremade,causesafatalcanceroftheblood-vesselcellsoftheliver.However,thehistoryoftheresearchonvinylchlorideis,insomeways,moredisturbingthanthe“Watergatecover-up.”“Therehasbeenevidenceofpotentiallyseriousdiseaseamongpolyvinylchlorideworkersfor25yearsthathasbeenincompletelyappreciatedandinadequatelyapproachedbymedicalscientistsandbyregulatoryauthorities,”summedupDr.SelikoffintheNewScientist.Atleast17workershavebeenkilledbyvinylchloridebecauseresearchoverthepast25yearswasnotfollowedup.Andforover10years,workershavebeenexposedtoconcentrationsofvinylchloride10timesthe“safelimit”imposedbyDowChemicalCompany.（422words）

Notes:

plutonium钚。

asbestos石棉。

polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯。

21.By“ecocide”theauthormostprobablymeans

[A]wasteutilization.

[B]ecologicalbalance.

[C]radioactivereaction.

[D]massivebio-destruction.

22.Accordingtothetext,theauthormentionsplutoniuminparagraph1to

[A]estimatetheamountofnuclearmaterialinEurope.

[B]exemplifyoneofthepossiblecausesoflungcancer.

[C]highlightthemeasuresneededtopreventlungcancer.

[D]showthedestructivepropertiesofindustrialwastematerials.

23.Thestyleofthesecondparagraphismainly

[A]factual.

[B]sarcastic.

[C]emotional.

[D]argumentative.

24.Accordingtoparagraph3,someworkershavebeenkilledbyharmfulpollutantsinthat

[A]productioncouldnotbehalted.

[B]theyfailedtotakesafetymeasures.

[C]researchwasnotpursuedtoasolution.

[D]safetyequipmentwasnotadequatelyprovided.

25.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorbelievesthat

[A]nationwideapplicationofanti-pollutiondevicescanfinallypreventcancer.

[B]toughlegislationisneededtosetlowerlimitsofworkerexposuretoharmfulchemicals.

[C]moreresearchisrequiredintothecausesofcancerbeforefurtherprogresscanbemade.

[D]industrializationmustbesloweddowntopreventfurtherspreadofcancercausingagents.

Text2

Thetopicofcloninghasbeenapoliticallyandethicallycontroversialonesinceitsverybeginning.Whilethemoralandphilosophicalaspectsoftheissuesareentirelyuptotheinterpretationoftheindividual,theapplicationofcloningtechnologycanbestudiedobjectively.Manyinthescientificcommunityadvocatetheuseofcloningforthepreservationandsupportofendangeredspeciesofanimals,whichasidefromcloning,havenootherpracticalhopeforavoidingextinction.

Thegoaloftheuseofcloningtoavoidextinctionisthereintroductionofnewgenesintothegenepoolofspecieswithfewsurvivors,ensuringthemaintenanceandexpansionofgeneticdiversity.Likelycandidatesforthistechniquearespeciesknowntohaveveryfewsurvivingmembers,suchastheAfricanBongoAntelope,theSumatranTiger,andtheChineseGiantPanda.InthecaseofGiantPanda,someartificialtechniquesforcreatingoffspringhavealreadybeenperformed,perhapspavingthewayforcloningasthenextstepintheprocess.

Withtheestimatedpopulationofonlyabout1000GiantPandasleftintheworld,theurgencyofthesituationhasledtodesperatemeasures.OnepandawasbornthroughthetechniqueofartificialinseminationintheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates.“HuaMei”wasbornin1999afterherparents,Hsing-HsingandLing-Ling,hadtroubleconceivingnaturally.

TheplantoincreasetheGiantPandapopulationthroughtheuseofcloninginvolvestheuseofaspeciesrelatedtotheGiantPanda,theAmericanBlackBear.EggcellswillberemovedfromfemaleblackbearsandthenfertilizedwithPandacellssuchasthosefromLing-LingorHsing-Hsing.Thefertilizedembryowillthenre-implantedintotheblackbear,whereitwillgrowandmature,untilanewpandaisdeliveredfromtheblackbearhost.

Criticsofcloningtechnologyarguethattheemphasisoncloningasamethodbywhichtopreservespecieswilldrawfundingawayfromothermethods,suchashabitatpreservationandconservation.Proponentsofcloningcounterthatmanycountriesinwhichmanyendangeredspeciesexistaretoopoortoprotectandmaintainthespecies’habitatsanyway,makingcloningtechnologytheonlypracticalwaytoensurethatthosespeciessurvivetofuturegenerations.Theissueisstillhotlydebated,asbothsidesweighthebenefitsthatcouldbeachievedagainsttherisksandethicalconcernsthatconstantlyaccompanyanyargumentontheissue.（402words）

Notes:

ethically道德上。

genepool基因库。

inseminationn.受精。

fertilize使受精。

embryo胚胎。

proponent支持者，拥护者。

weighAagainstB权衡A和B的利弊。

26.Theauthorraisestheissueofethicalconsiderationincloninginparagraph1inorderto

[A]identifytheissuesthatwillnotbeaddressedinthetext.

[B]revealanareaofinterestthatwillbeexploredlaterinthetext.

[C]identifyoneofthemainissuesaffectingthecloningcontroversytoday.

[D]drawthereader’sattentiontoasensitiveissuethatbearsconsiderationinthetopicofcloning.

27.Theauthordirectsattentionto“HuaMei”,thebabypandabornintheSanDiegoZoo,inorderto

[A]showthatcloningasanartificialbirthtechniquehassucceeded.

[B]arguethatpandasareaparticularlylikelycandidateforcloning.

[C]showthatartificialbirthtechniquesotherthancloninghavesucceeded.

[D]demonstratethenecessityofcloningandotherartificialbirthtechniquestothesur