高中英语人教版必修3课时作业unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars 14 含答案.docx

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高中英语人教版必修3课时作业unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars 14 含答案.docx

高中英语人教版必修3课时作业unit4astronomythescienceofthestars14含答案

课时作业(十四) Unit4 Astronomy:

thescienceofthestars

SectionⅡ WarmingUp&Reading-LanguagePoints

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Smokingisharmful(harm)toyourhealth,soyoushouldgiveituporatleastcutdownonit.

2.Therearelotsofreligions(religious)intheworldandeveryonehastherighttobelieveinthem.

3.Thereareagreatnumberofdifferenttheories(theory)aboutlearningstylesthroughouttheworld.

4.Whatmakesthethingsworseisthathehaslosthispatience.

5.Thenewlawmakesitpossibleforustogetmorechancesinthecountry.

6.Insummerthehousewillbetoohotfortheoldmanto_live(live)in.

7.Socialattentionshouldbepaidtopreventingourearthfrombeing_polluted(pollute).

8.Thewindwassoviolent(violence)thatseveralbigtreeswereblowndownbyit.

9.Tomisunlike(like)hisbrother,Tony.Heisoutgoing,whileTonyisshy.

10.ThefouryearoldRussiangirlhasdrawnglobal(globe)attentionforhergreatgiftforlanguages.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

Americanresearchersaremakingfinalplanstosendaspaceshipintospaceforapossiblemeetingwithanasteroid(小行星).ThespaceshipiscalledOSIRISRex.Itissixmeterslongandshapedlikeaman'sbowtie(蝶形领结).TheasteroidiscalledBennu.ItislargerthantheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity.Bennuweighsabout60milliontonsandistravelingataspeedofmorethan100,000kilometersanhour.

ThehugespacerockisgettingclosertoEarth.Itcomesascloseas500,000kilometerstotheplaneteverysixyears.ResearcherswanttotakeacloselookatBennubecauseitisconsideredoneofthemostdangerousasteroidsinoursolarsystem.TheAmericanspaceagency,NASA,willstartitsresearchnextmonth.TheplanistoputOSIRISRexinorbit(轨道)aroundBennuinabouttwoyears.

ThespacecraftwillnotlandonBennu,butwillmakecontact(接触)withtheasteroidforaboutfiveseconds.Atthattime,apartofthespacecraftwillgatherabout60gramsofmaterialfromBennu'ssurface.AllofthatmaterialwillreturntotheearthinsidesomethingcalledSRC.ItisexpectedtolandintheUtahdesertinSeptemberof2023.

ScientistswanttolearnasmuchaspossibleaboutBennubecauseofthedangeritcouldcausetoourplanet.Theasteroid“hasaquitehighpossibilityofnegativelyinfluencingtheEarth”inlessthan200years,accordingtoaNASAstatement.

AnotherthingthatmakesBennudangerousisitspatharoundthesolarsystem.ThatpathischangingbecauseofsomethingcalledtheYarkovskyeffect.TheYarkovskyeffectiswhathappenswhenacoldpieceofrockgetscloseenoughtothesuntogetheated.Scientistswanttoknowhowthatwarmthchangestheorbitofasteroidsandotherspaceobjects.

【文章大意】 小行星Bennu每六年就离地球近50万公里,将来可能会给地球造成不良影响。

1.WhatdoweknowaboutBennu?

A.Itlookslikeaman'sbowtie.

B.ItislargerthanNewYorkCity.

C.Ittravels500,000kilometerseverysixyears.

D.Itisgettingclosertotheeartheachday.

解析:

D 细节理解题。

根据第二段的Itcomesascloseas500,000kilometerstotheplaneteverysixyears.可知,这颗小行星正离地球越来越近。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“It”inParagraph3referto?

A.Bennu'ssurface.

B.OSIRISRex.

C.SRC.

D.Thecollectedmaterial.

解析:

C 词义指代题。

根据划线词前面的AllofthatmaterialwillreturntotheearthinsidesomethingcalledSRC.以及后面的...expectedtolandintheUtahdesert...可知,it指代的是返回舱设备(SRC)。

3.Bennu'spathischangingmostprobablybecause________.

A.it'stravelingreallyfast

B.it'sbeingheatedbythesun

C.it'sbeinginfluencedbytheearth

D.it'sgettingcolderthanbefore

解析:

B 细节理解题。

根据末段的ThatpathischangingbecauseofsomethingcalledtheYarkovskyeffect.TheYarkovskyeffectiswhathappenswhenacoldpieceofrockgetscloseenoughtothesuntogetheated.可知,这颗小行星的路线改变是因为它受到太阳热量的影响。

Ⅲ.完形填空

IamaneighthgradestudentatCentralMiddleSchool.InmythreeyearsattheschoolIhaveplayedsoccer,basketball,andbaseball.Ilove__1__andreallyenjoybeingpartofateam.Playingonourschoolsportsteamshasbeenthe__2__partofmiddleschoolforme.IknowI'mluckythatI'vehadthischance.

Somekidshavenotbeenso__3__.Infact,manykidswho__4__sportsdon'thavethechancetoplayonaschoolteam.That's__5__,tomakeateam,youhavetotryout(参加选拔).Theideaisthatkidswhoaregoodatsportswilldo__6__intryoutsandmaketheteam.__7__whataboutthekidswhodon'tdoagreatjobduringtryouts?

Maybetheyareillthatday,ornervous,sotheydon'tplaytheirbest.Theydon'tmaketheteam,andthatis__8__.

Also,therearekidswhoreallydon'thavethe__9__toplaywell.They__10__makeateam,andthatisn'tfaireither.Howwillkidsever__11__theskillsiftheydon'thaveachancetoplay?

Remember,thisis__12__andstudentsareheretolearn.Allkidsshouldhavethe__13__tolearnsportsskillsandteamworkbyplayingonaschoolsportsteam.

Thereareotherreasonswhyevery__14__shouldhavethechancetoplaysports.Sportsareimportantforgoodhealth.Theyhelpkidsfeel__15__aboutthemselvesandtheirschool.Theybuildfriendshipsamongteammates.And,mostimportant,teamsportsare__16__!

Playershavefunplaying,andtheirparentshavefunwatchingandcheeringforthe__17__.BynowyouknowhowI__18__.Everystudentwhowantstoplayonaschoolsportsteamshouldhavethechance.Theseteamsareforfunandhealth-they'renot__19__teams!

Let'schangethe__20__formakingateam.Let'sgetridof(丢弃)tryouts.Let'sgiveeverystudentatCentralMiddleSchoolthechancetowearateamuniform(制服).

话题:

学校生活

【文章大意】 本文是议论文。

作者呼吁学校能让每个喜欢运动的学生都有机会参加校队。

1.A.music        B.sports

C.literatureD.studies

解析:

B 由上文中的Ihaveplayedsoccer,basketball,andbaseball可知,“我”喜欢“体育(sports)”。

2.A.easyB.busiest

C.bestD.difficult

解析:

C 由上文中的reallyenjoybeingpartofateam可知,参加校队是“我”中学阶段“最美好的(best)”时光。

3.A.luckyB.strong

C.confidentD.proud

答案:

A

4.A.watchB.praise

C.hateD.love

解析:

D 由上文中的I'mluckythatI'vehadthischance及下文中的don'thavethechancetoplayonaschoolteam的对比可知,那些“热爱(love)”运动却没机会参加校队的学生很不“幸运(lucky)”。

5.A.whyB.how

C.becauseD.until

解析:

C don'thavethechancetoplayonaschoolteam与youhavetotryout之间是因果关系,故用“因为(because)”。

6.A.wellB.quickly

C.bravelyD.calmly

解析:

A 由下文中的doagreatjobduringtryouts可知,学校认为擅长运动的学生就会在选拔中表现“优异(well)”。

7.A.SoB.Though

C.ButD.And

解析:

C 上下文表示转折关系,故用“但是(But)”。

8.A.unfairB.strange

C.differentD.normal

解析:

A 由下文中的isn'tfaireither可知,凭选拔参加校队是“不公平的(unfair)”。

9.A.interestsB.faith

C.timeD.skills

解析:

D 下文的skills是提示。

10.A.evenB.nearly

C.neverD.often

解析:

C 由下文中的theydon'thaveachancetoplay可知,有些学生“从来(never)”没参加过校队。

11.A.showB.learn

C.shareD.remember

解析:

B 有些学生从来就没有机会参加运动,他们如何“学习(learn)”这些运动技能呢?

12.A.schoolB.classroom

C.playgroundD.club

解析:

A 由下文中的studentsareheretolearn及语境可知,“学校(school)”是供学生学习的地方。

13.A.dreamB.reason

C.goalD.chance

答案:

D

14.A.sportsmanB.teacher

C.studentD.adult

解析:

C 由下文中的Everystudentwhowantstoplayonaschoolsportsteamshouldhavethechance可知,每个“学生(student)”都应该有“机会(chance)”学习体育技能。

15.A.curiousB.good

C.worriedD.tired

解析:

B 体育运动会使得孩子们对自己感觉“良好(good)”。

16.A.enjoyableB.dangerous

C.necessaryD.useful

解析:

A 由下文中的Playershavefunplaying,andtheirparentshavefunwatching可知,体育运动很“有趣(enjoyable)”。

17.A.familyB.team

C.partyD.winner

解析:

B 由上文中的teamsports可知,家长为“团队(team)”加油。

18.A.actB.say

C.believeD.feel

解析:

D 由下文中的Everystudentwhowantstoplayonaschoolsportsteamshouldhavethechance可知,这就是“我”的“感受(feel)”。

19.A.newB.special

C.ordinaryD.professional

解析:

D 由上文中的Theseteamsareforfunandhealth可知,校队不是“专业的(professional)”。

20.A.limitsB.rules

C.ordersD.signs

解析:

B 由下文中的Let'sgetridoftryouts可知,“我”希望学校能改变校队选拔的“规则(rules)”。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Onemorning,abuswasrunning,inwhichweresomepeople__1__(go)towork.Suddenly,acarrushedoutfromanearbyroad;thebus__2__(force)tostop.Itwasacartakingpicturesofawedding(婚礼),__3__(follow)byalineofslowmovingweddingcars.Thepassengersstartedtocomplainthattheywouldbelate__4__work,butthebusdriverjustsatinhisseat__5__(quiet)andrangthehorn(喇叭)fromtimetotime.

Someonesaidtothedriver,“Nouseringingthehorn;theywon'tmakewayforyou.You'dbetterrushthroughtheline.”

Thedriverturnedbackandsaidwith__6__smile,“I'mringingthehornnottourgethemtomakewayfor__7__(I),buttowishthemhappiness.”Afterasecond,headded,“Marriageisahappything,sowehaveachance__8__(make)wayforothers'happiness.Isn'titahappything?

Thepassengersonthebuscalmeddown.

__9__isahappythingtomakewayforothers'happiness.Theone__10__hassuchafeelingiscertainlyahappyperson.

1.解析:

going 考查动词ing形式作定语的用法。

people后跟定语,people与go之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且go所表示的动作正在发生,故填going。

2.解析:

wasforced 考查一般过去时的被动语态。

bus与force之间是被动关系,且由Onemorning可知,force所表示的动作发生在过去,故填wasforced。

3.解析:

followed 考查过去分词作状语的用法。

设空处作伴随状语,因follow与其逻辑主语car之间是动宾关系,故填followed。

4.解析:

for 考查介词。

belateforwork意为“上班迟到”。

5.解析:

quietly 考查副词。

设空处作状语修饰sat,故填quietly。

6.解析:

a 考查不定冠词。

smile是可数名词,且在文中表泛指,故填a。

7.解析:

me 考查代词。

设空处作短语makewayfor的宾语,应用宾格形式,故填me。

8.解析:

tomake 考查不定式作定语的用法。

chance后接带to的不定式作定语,因we与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填tomake。

9.解析:

It 考查it的用法。

设空处是形式主语,真正的主语是tomakewayforothers'happiness,故填It。

10.解析:

who/that 考查关系代词。

设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰one(指人),且在从句中作主语,故填who/that。

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