高中英语人教版必修3课时作业unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars 14 含答案.docx
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高中英语人教版必修3课时作业unit4astronomythescienceofthestars14含答案
课时作业(十四) Unit4 Astronomy:
thescienceofthestars
SectionⅡ WarmingUp&Reading-LanguagePoints
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Smokingisharmful(harm)toyourhealth,soyoushouldgiveituporatleastcutdownonit.
2.Therearelotsofreligions(religious)intheworldandeveryonehastherighttobelieveinthem.
3.Thereareagreatnumberofdifferenttheories(theory)aboutlearningstylesthroughouttheworld.
4.Whatmakesthethingsworseisthathehaslosthispatience.
5.Thenewlawmakesitpossibleforustogetmorechancesinthecountry.
6.Insummerthehousewillbetoohotfortheoldmanto_live(live)in.
7.Socialattentionshouldbepaidtopreventingourearthfrombeing_polluted(pollute).
8.Thewindwassoviolent(violence)thatseveralbigtreeswereblowndownbyit.
9.Tomisunlike(like)hisbrother,Tony.Heisoutgoing,whileTonyisshy.
10.ThefouryearoldRussiangirlhasdrawnglobal(globe)attentionforhergreatgiftforlanguages.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Americanresearchersaremakingfinalplanstosendaspaceshipintospaceforapossiblemeetingwithanasteroid(小行星).ThespaceshipiscalledOSIRISRex.Itissixmeterslongandshapedlikeaman'sbowtie(蝶形领结).TheasteroidiscalledBennu.ItislargerthantheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity.Bennuweighsabout60milliontonsandistravelingataspeedofmorethan100,000kilometersanhour.
ThehugespacerockisgettingclosertoEarth.Itcomesascloseas500,000kilometerstotheplaneteverysixyears.ResearcherswanttotakeacloselookatBennubecauseitisconsideredoneofthemostdangerousasteroidsinoursolarsystem.TheAmericanspaceagency,NASA,willstartitsresearchnextmonth.TheplanistoputOSIRISRexinorbit(轨道)aroundBennuinabouttwoyears.
ThespacecraftwillnotlandonBennu,butwillmakecontact(接触)withtheasteroidforaboutfiveseconds.Atthattime,apartofthespacecraftwillgatherabout60gramsofmaterialfromBennu'ssurface.AllofthatmaterialwillreturntotheearthinsidesomethingcalledSRC.ItisexpectedtolandintheUtahdesertinSeptemberof2023.
ScientistswanttolearnasmuchaspossibleaboutBennubecauseofthedangeritcouldcausetoourplanet.Theasteroid“hasaquitehighpossibilityofnegativelyinfluencingtheEarth”inlessthan200years,accordingtoaNASAstatement.
AnotherthingthatmakesBennudangerousisitspatharoundthesolarsystem.ThatpathischangingbecauseofsomethingcalledtheYarkovskyeffect.TheYarkovskyeffectiswhathappenswhenacoldpieceofrockgetscloseenoughtothesuntogetheated.Scientistswanttoknowhowthatwarmthchangestheorbitofasteroidsandotherspaceobjects.
【文章大意】 小行星Bennu每六年就离地球近50万公里,将来可能会给地球造成不良影响。
1.WhatdoweknowaboutBennu?
A.Itlookslikeaman'sbowtie.
B.ItislargerthanNewYorkCity.
C.Ittravels500,000kilometerseverysixyears.
D.Itisgettingclosertotheeartheachday.
解析:
D 细节理解题。
根据第二段的Itcomesascloseas500,000kilometerstotheplaneteverysixyears.可知,这颗小行星正离地球越来越近。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“It”inParagraph3referto?
A.Bennu'ssurface.
B.OSIRISRex.
C.SRC.
D.Thecollectedmaterial.
解析:
C 词义指代题。
根据划线词前面的AllofthatmaterialwillreturntotheearthinsidesomethingcalledSRC.以及后面的...expectedtolandintheUtahdesert...可知,it指代的是返回舱设备(SRC)。
3.Bennu'spathischangingmostprobablybecause________.
A.it'stravelingreallyfast
B.it'sbeingheatedbythesun
C.it'sbeinginfluencedbytheearth
D.it'sgettingcolderthanbefore
解析:
B 细节理解题。
根据末段的ThatpathischangingbecauseofsomethingcalledtheYarkovskyeffect.TheYarkovskyeffectiswhathappenswhenacoldpieceofrockgetscloseenoughtothesuntogetheated.可知,这颗小行星的路线改变是因为它受到太阳热量的影响。
Ⅲ.完形填空
IamaneighthgradestudentatCentralMiddleSchool.InmythreeyearsattheschoolIhaveplayedsoccer,basketball,andbaseball.Ilove__1__andreallyenjoybeingpartofateam.Playingonourschoolsportsteamshasbeenthe__2__partofmiddleschoolforme.IknowI'mluckythatI'vehadthischance.
Somekidshavenotbeenso__3__.Infact,manykidswho__4__sportsdon'thavethechancetoplayonaschoolteam.That's__5__,tomakeateam,youhavetotryout(参加选拔).Theideaisthatkidswhoaregoodatsportswilldo__6__intryoutsandmaketheteam.__7__whataboutthekidswhodon'tdoagreatjobduringtryouts?
Maybetheyareillthatday,ornervous,sotheydon'tplaytheirbest.Theydon'tmaketheteam,andthatis__8__.
Also,therearekidswhoreallydon'thavethe__9__toplaywell.They__10__makeateam,andthatisn'tfaireither.Howwillkidsever__11__theskillsiftheydon'thaveachancetoplay?
Remember,thisis__12__andstudentsareheretolearn.Allkidsshouldhavethe__13__tolearnsportsskillsandteamworkbyplayingonaschoolsportsteam.
Thereareotherreasonswhyevery__14__shouldhavethechancetoplaysports.Sportsareimportantforgoodhealth.Theyhelpkidsfeel__15__aboutthemselvesandtheirschool.Theybuildfriendshipsamongteammates.And,mostimportant,teamsportsare__16__!
Playershavefunplaying,andtheirparentshavefunwatchingandcheeringforthe__17__.BynowyouknowhowI__18__.Everystudentwhowantstoplayonaschoolsportsteamshouldhavethechance.Theseteamsareforfunandhealth-they'renot__19__teams!
Let'schangethe__20__formakingateam.Let'sgetridof(丢弃)tryouts.Let'sgiveeverystudentatCentralMiddleSchoolthechancetowearateamuniform(制服).
话题:
学校生活
【文章大意】 本文是议论文。
作者呼吁学校能让每个喜欢运动的学生都有机会参加校队。
1.A.music B.sports
C.literatureD.studies
解析:
B 由上文中的Ihaveplayedsoccer,basketball,andbaseball可知,“我”喜欢“体育(sports)”。
2.A.easyB.busiest
C.bestD.difficult
解析:
C 由上文中的reallyenjoybeingpartofateam可知,参加校队是“我”中学阶段“最美好的(best)”时光。
3.A.luckyB.strong
C.confidentD.proud
答案:
A
4.A.watchB.praise
C.hateD.love
解析:
D 由上文中的I'mluckythatI'vehadthischance及下文中的don'thavethechancetoplayonaschoolteam的对比可知,那些“热爱(love)”运动却没机会参加校队的学生很不“幸运(lucky)”。
5.A.whyB.how
C.becauseD.until
解析:
C don'thavethechancetoplayonaschoolteam与youhavetotryout之间是因果关系,故用“因为(because)”。
6.A.wellB.quickly
C.bravelyD.calmly
解析:
A 由下文中的doagreatjobduringtryouts可知,学校认为擅长运动的学生就会在选拔中表现“优异(well)”。
7.A.SoB.Though
C.ButD.And
解析:
C 上下文表示转折关系,故用“但是(But)”。
8.A.unfairB.strange
C.differentD.normal
解析:
A 由下文中的isn'tfaireither可知,凭选拔参加校队是“不公平的(unfair)”。
9.A.interestsB.faith
C.timeD.skills
解析:
D 下文的skills是提示。
10.A.evenB.nearly
C.neverD.often
解析:
C 由下文中的theydon'thaveachancetoplay可知,有些学生“从来(never)”没参加过校队。
11.A.showB.learn
C.shareD.remember
解析:
B 有些学生从来就没有机会参加运动,他们如何“学习(learn)”这些运动技能呢?
12.A.schoolB.classroom
C.playgroundD.club
解析:
A 由下文中的studentsareheretolearn及语境可知,“学校(school)”是供学生学习的地方。
13.A.dreamB.reason
C.goalD.chance
答案:
D
14.A.sportsmanB.teacher
C.studentD.adult
解析:
C 由下文中的Everystudentwhowantstoplayonaschoolsportsteamshouldhavethechance可知,每个“学生(student)”都应该有“机会(chance)”学习体育技能。
15.A.curiousB.good
C.worriedD.tired
解析:
B 体育运动会使得孩子们对自己感觉“良好(good)”。
16.A.enjoyableB.dangerous
C.necessaryD.useful
解析:
A 由下文中的Playershavefunplaying,andtheirparentshavefunwatching可知,体育运动很“有趣(enjoyable)”。
17.A.familyB.team
C.partyD.winner
解析:
B 由上文中的teamsports可知,家长为“团队(team)”加油。
18.A.actB.say
C.believeD.feel
解析:
D 由下文中的Everystudentwhowantstoplayonaschoolsportsteamshouldhavethechance可知,这就是“我”的“感受(feel)”。
19.A.newB.special
C.ordinaryD.professional
解析:
D 由上文中的Theseteamsareforfunandhealth可知,校队不是“专业的(professional)”。
20.A.limitsB.rules
C.ordersD.signs
解析:
B 由下文中的Let'sgetridoftryouts可知,“我”希望学校能改变校队选拔的“规则(rules)”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Onemorning,abuswasrunning,inwhichweresomepeople__1__(go)towork.Suddenly,acarrushedoutfromanearbyroad;thebus__2__(force)tostop.Itwasacartakingpicturesofawedding(婚礼),__3__(follow)byalineofslowmovingweddingcars.Thepassengersstartedtocomplainthattheywouldbelate__4__work,butthebusdriverjustsatinhisseat__5__(quiet)andrangthehorn(喇叭)fromtimetotime.
Someonesaidtothedriver,“Nouseringingthehorn;theywon'tmakewayforyou.You'dbetterrushthroughtheline.”
Thedriverturnedbackandsaidwith__6__smile,“I'mringingthehornnottourgethemtomakewayfor__7__(I),buttowishthemhappiness.”Afterasecond,headded,“Marriageisahappything,sowehaveachance__8__(make)wayforothers'happiness.Isn'titahappything?
”
Thepassengersonthebuscalmeddown.
__9__isahappythingtomakewayforothers'happiness.Theone__10__hassuchafeelingiscertainlyahappyperson.
1.解析:
going 考查动词ing形式作定语的用法。
people后跟定语,people与go之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且go所表示的动作正在发生,故填going。
2.解析:
wasforced 考查一般过去时的被动语态。
bus与force之间是被动关系,且由Onemorning可知,force所表示的动作发生在过去,故填wasforced。
3.解析:
followed 考查过去分词作状语的用法。
设空处作伴随状语,因follow与其逻辑主语car之间是动宾关系,故填followed。
4.解析:
for 考查介词。
belateforwork意为“上班迟到”。
5.解析:
quietly 考查副词。
设空处作状语修饰sat,故填quietly。
6.解析:
a 考查不定冠词。
smile是可数名词,且在文中表泛指,故填a。
7.解析:
me 考查代词。
设空处作短语makewayfor的宾语,应用宾格形式,故填me。
8.解析:
tomake 考查不定式作定语的用法。
chance后接带to的不定式作定语,因we与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填tomake。
9.解析:
It 考查it的用法。
设空处是形式主语,真正的主语是tomakewayforothers'happiness,故填It。
10.解析:
who/that 考查关系代词。
设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰one(指人),且在从句中作主语,故填who/that。