从《鲁滨逊漂流记》看荒岛文学现实主义元素.docx

从《鲁滨逊漂流记》看荒岛文学现实主义元素.docx

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从《鲁滨逊漂流记》看荒岛文学现实主义元素

TheRealisticElementsin

EnglishDesertIsland

Literature-TakingRobinson

CrusoeasanExample

系（部）：

外语系

专业班：

英语1002班

姓名：

倪娇娇

学号：

20101411054

指导教师：

杨淑芬

2014年5月

TheRealisticElementsinEnglish

DesertIslandLiterature-Taking

RobinsonCrusoeasanExample

从《鲁宾逊漂流记》看英国荒岛学的现实主义元素

Abstract

Cultureistheheavyfruitoftheunitedlaborofallethnicsallovertheworld,whichisastringofdynamicandvigorousforceinthelongandremotehistory.Culturealsohasalonghistory.Fromremoteancienttimes,culturehasinfluencedpeoplevisiblyorinvisibly,anditisanecessarypartofhuman’slife.Asisknowntoall,withthefurtherdevelopmentofhumansocietyandculture,theliteratureappearsandtherearedifferentkindsofwritingstyles.Somearefamous,andsomearelittleknown.Thispaperwillintroduceasmallbranchofliterature,thedesertislandliterature,anaspiringstylefilledwithadventureandbravery.Thedesertislandliterature,namely,isawritingwaytodepictlivesondesertislands,anditisalsothetraditionalwritingwayofEnglishliterature.Itshareswithotherstylesofliteraturethegreathonorofthesplendidandgorgeoustreasureofhuman’sgreatachievementsinhistory.TheuniquelocationofBritishislescontributesgreatlytothebirthofthisspecialliterarygenre.Andtheuniquegeographicenvironment,thedevelopmentofBritishcolonies,andtheriskingspiritofBritishpeoplegivethedistinctiveBritishcharacterstodesertislandliterature.Heroesoftheseworksusuallydrifttoisolatedislandsforvariousreasons,involvedinaseriesofmysterious,eccentricandthrillingstories,amongwhichRobinsonCrusoe,theshiningmasterpieceofDanielDefoe,whoenjoysthereputationasthe‘fatherofEnglishnovel’,isamusttobereferred.Anditisthemosttypicalandinfluentialwork.Itreflectsthecharacteristicsandfeaturesofitserarespectively.Thedesertislandsarenot,astheyseemtobe,thelocationssoughtbytheauthorstoescapefromtheirsocialrealities.Onthecontrary,theseislandstoriesarejusttheplacesforexpressingtheauthor'sprofoundthoughtsontheirsocieties.ThispaperwilltakeRobinsonCrusoe，thefirstrealisticEnglishnovel,asanexample,toexplorethepushingeffecttherealisticelementsofthedesertislandliteraturehaveonthe18thEnglishmentaldevelopment,fromtheperspectiveofrealism,byanalyzingitswritingbackground,itsheroandthespirit,valuesetc.

Keywords:

RobinsonCrusoe;realism;DanielDefoe;desertislandliterature;theageofEnlightenment;

摘要

文化是全世界各族人民共同努力的硕大成果，是悠久绵长的历史长河中一股生机勃勃的力量。

文化有着悠久的历史。

自远古时期，文化就有形无形地影响着人们，它是人类生活不可或缺的一部分。

众所周知，随着人类社会和文化的进一步发展，文学也随之诞生。

文学有各种各样的体裁，有些体裁为人们所熟知，而有些，人们则知之甚少。

而本文则主要研究文学的一小分支—荒岛文学。

荒岛文学是充满着冒险、勇气的一种令人鼓舞、心潮澎湃的写作体裁。

荒岛文学，顾名思义，是描写荒岛上生活的文学，它也是岛国英国文学写作的一种传统写作体裁。

荒岛文学和其他文学一样都是人类历史上所取得的伟大成就，是辉煌璀璨的宝库。

荒岛文学的形成很大程度上都得益于英伦三岛特殊的地理环境，而独特的地理环境，以及英国人天生的勇于冒险的精神赋予了荒岛文学作品独特的人物性格。

荒岛文学作品中的主人公往往都是因为各种各样的原因被海水飘到某个荒岛上，在岛上经历了一系列摄人心魄，惊悚而又神秘的事件。

在这些文学作品中，不得不提的就是英国小说之父，丹尼尔.笛福的伟大著作—《鲁滨逊漂流记》。

《鲁滨逊漂流记》是笛福影响最大、最有特色的一部作品。

这部小说映射出了那个时代的特色以及特点。

在这里，不得不提的就是荒岛文学并不是作者寻求逃离现实社会的避难所；恰恰相反，这些作品都是作者用来宣泄对现实的各种情感的容器。

在这里，作者从现实主义的视角出发，借助《鲁宾逊漂流记》这部作品，通过分析小说故事中的故事背景、人物形象、价值观念等，透视18世纪英国荒岛文学的现实主义元素对整个时代思潮的推动作用。

关键词：

《鲁宾逊漂流记》；现实主义；笛福；荒岛文学；启蒙运动；

Contents

1.Introduction..........................................................................................................1

2.Desertislandliterature.........................................................................................2

2.1Thedefinitionofdesertislandliterature...............................................................2

2.2Thefeatureofdesertislandliterature.....................................................................2

2.3Theessenceofthedesertislandliterature............................................................3

2.4ThecloselinkbetweenthedesertislandliteratureandtheGreatBritain..........4

3.TherealisticelementsreflectedinRobinsonCrusoe............................................6

3.1Therealisticfoundationofthisnovel..................................................................6

3.2Thehero’slivingstylesofthisnovel....................................................................6

3.3ThereflectionofDanielDefoe’sownexperience...............................................8

3.4ThemirrorofBritishvaluesofthe18thcentury...................................................8

3.5Theslavetradeofthe18thcenturyinEngland.....................................................10

4.ThereflectionoftheEnglishideologicaldevelopmentinRobinsonCrusoe..........................................................................................................................12

4.1TheprotestantspiritsinRobinsonCrusoe..............................................................12

4.2ThecapitalismspiritsinRobinsonCrouse..............................................................13

4.3TheideologicaldevelopmentofthecapitalisminRobinsonCrusoe.......................15

5.Conclusion.................................................................................................................19

Acknowledgments..........................................................................................................21

References.......................................................................................................................22

1.Introduction

Withthedevelopmentofthemodernscienceandtechnology,theworldmarchestowardtheglobalizationandmulti-polarizationandbecomesabigfamily.Allkindsofculturegraduallymixtogether,andespeciallytheliteraturedrawsmoreandmoreattention.Thecommunicationbetweendifferentculturesisincreasing.Meanwhile,inordertoexplorethecultureofdifferentcountries,toenrichourmentalcivilization,tolearnthingsfromothers,moreandmoreexpertsbegintoapplythemselvestothestudyoftheliterature.Ofallkindsofliterature,onecatchestheauthor’sattention,thedesertislandliterature.ThereasonwhytheauthordoessomeresearchesonthissubjectisthatitismeaningfulforpeopletoknowthesituationofthattimeinEngland,togetintouchofthelocalpeople’slife,toknowtheeffectthedesertislandliteraturehasonthelaterdevelopmentofEnglishliterature,andtoknowtherelationshipbetweenEnglandandthedesertedislandliterature,todissectDanielDefoewellandtoknowthepointsoftherealisticinfluencesofthedesertedislandliteraturefromRobinsonCrusoe.Secondly,inthelatetwentiethcentury,literarycriticsbegantopayattentiontothecolonialideologythatappearedinislandliterature.Inthisperiod,whathasarelativelylargeimpactontheliterarycriticismisthepostcolonialcriticismtheorythatemergedinlasttwodecadesofthetwentiethcentury.Itistheliteraryworks,especiallytheislandliteraturethatprovidesauniqueresearchperspective.[1:

1]Moreover,literatureiscloselylinkedwithseveralaspects.Andsometimesitalsocanbeatooltoexplorethedevelopmentofhistoryoreconomy,forinstance.Lastly,sincetheuniquegeographicallocationofEnglandcontributeslargelytothebirthofEnglishdesertislandliterature,inotherwords,GreatBritainisthefountainofdesertislandliterature.Aseveryoneknows,thedesertislandliteratureisacolorfulbannerinliteraturehistory,anditlightensthepathtowardtheliteratureandtapanewwritingstyle.Infact,desertislandliteratureisawaytoshowthetruth.Itisrealistic.Althoughmanysuchworkshavebeenworkedout,amongwhichtheRobinsonCrusoeisthemosttypicalandthemostfaithful.RobinsonCrusoeisthefirstrealisticBritishnovelwrittenbyDanielDefoe,thefatherofEnglishnovel.Thisbookdemonstratesarealisticbourgeoisimageduringtheageofenlightenment,anditopensthedoorforpeopletopursuethesocial,political,andeconomicsystem,thevaluesandthebeliefsofthe18thcentury.[2:

1]

2.Desertislandliterature

Asisknowntoall,literatureworksarethefruitsofthewriters’smentalpursuitandpsychologicalactivities.Anditisalwaysinevitablyclosedlinkedwiththeauthor’slivingenvironmentorhisfeelings.Throughanexcellentliteraturework,wecouldtouchthefootprintoftheauthor’srealisticsocietyandhismentalworld.Inotherword,literatureistheexactplacefortheauthortoexpresshisdeepfeelings.Astimesmarcheson,moreandmorepeopleareattractedbyaspecialliteraturestyle-thedesertislandliterature.Desertislandliteratureisjustlikearain-forestfilledwithmysteryandfun,anditalsoinspireslotsofpeopletogoahead.Tosumup,itisamagnificentandnecessarypearlofhumansociety.

2.1Thedefinitionofdesertislandliterature

Withthepassageoftime,ashumansocietydevelops,ourgreatancestorshaveinventedvariousmeanstorecordtheirlives,amongwhichthemosttypicalandfaithfuloneistheword.Hitherto,manywritersalsohavewrittenlotsofgreatmasterpiecesbasedontheirownexperienceortheirsocialbackgroundfordifferentstylesincludingtheromanticism,therealismandthemodernism.Also,somewritersareattractedbysomedesolate,uncivilizedislands,andtheyconsistentlygivetheirworkssuchbackgroundandthendescribethehuman’slifeonthisdesertislandtoexpresstheirthoughts.Then,thedesertislandliteratureemerges.However,becauseofthedifferentgeographicallocationsanddifferentnationalrealities,suchkindsofliteratureworkshaven’tdevelopedtobeatrendtobefollowedbutjusttobeapartoftheplot.Desertislandliteratureisappliedtoexpressoneperson’svalueandstatus.An