使役动词的用法及练习.docx
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使役动词的用法及练习
使役动词的用法及练习
英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make,have,let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者.（注：
英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.）
1使役动词have,let,make（常用于复合结构）
1.1have的用法
1）.have+宾语+省to不定式：
表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will,would连用,不用于被动结构.
Therichladyhadthesingereatwithhisservants.
Iwillhavehimcomeandhelpyou.
2）.have+宾语+现在分词：
表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中，宾语和宾
补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.
Thetwocheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.
Hehaduswaitingforhimthreehoursyesterday.
IhavethemalltalkingtoeachotherinEnglish.我鼓励他们用英语交谈.
3）.have+宾语+过去分词：
表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.
TomsaidhehadhadhisTVsetrepaired.
Tomhadhiswalletstolenonthebusyesterday.
“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较：
Haveyouwashedyourclothes?
你洗了衣服了吗?
（自己洗）
Haveyouhadyourclotheswashed?
你叫人洗了衣服了吗?
（别人洗）
4）.have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补Pleasehaveyourticketsready.
TheEmperorhadnothingon.
IamsureI'llhavehimintheargument.
1.2let的用法
1）.let+宾语+省to不定式：
表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之
间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.
Letthemstayintheclassroomanddotheirexercisesthemselves.
LetABbeequaltoCD.假设AB等于CD.
2）.let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
Letmeinandletthemout.
Wholetyouintothebuilding?
3.make的用法
1）.make+宾语+省to不定式：
表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.
Theteachermadethenaughtyboystandthereforanhour.
Thenaughtyboywasmadetostandthereforanhour.
2）.make+宾语+过去分词，此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.
Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.
CanyoueasilymakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?
Theywillmakeanimportantplanknowntothepublicsoon.
3）.make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句
Thenewsmadeherhappy.
Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.
2“半使役动词”amaze,astonish等“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之所以得名，一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到……”，再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词let,have,make等区别开来.
2.4常见的半使役动词
amaze（使某人感到惊呀），astonish（使某人感到惊奇）bore（使某人感到厌倦），complicate（使某人感到复杂）
使某人感到失望）
使某人感到气馁）
使某人感到兴奋）
使某人感到疲倦）
confuse（使某人感到迷惑）,disappointdelight（使某人感到高兴）,discouragedistinguish（使某人感到显著）,exciteencourage（使某人感至U鼓舞），exhaust
frighten（使某人感到恐惧）,interest（使某人感到有趣）inspire（使某人感到刺激）,move（使某人感到激动）,please（使某人感到高兴）,puzzle（使某人感到不解）,satisfy（使某人感到满意）,surprise（使某人感到惊异）
shock（使某人感到震惊），strike（使某人感到震动），
tire（使某人感到疲惫）,upset（使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等.
2.2半使役动词的主动式用法：
something+Vt.+somebody如：
Whatsurprisedhimmostwasherbravery.HisbravedeedsmovedChina.
Theexamresultsatisfiedhisparents.Theboy'sbehaviorupseteverybodyaround.
2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成
如：
interestinteresting,interested;astonishastonishing,
astonished;
pleasepleasing,pleased,pleasant;satisfysatisfying,satisfied,
satisfactory.
2.4半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律
一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事；v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词.如：
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.
Wewereallinterestedinthefilm.
Thefrighteninghurricanemadethegirlveryfrightened.
Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththeanswerofhisstudents.
3使役意义状态动词get,leave,set,send,keep,drive,etc.常用于复合结构中
3.1get使成为/变得某种状态或结果（get的用法跟have很接近）
Ican'tgettheoldradiotowork.我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带to不
定式作宾补）
Canyoureallygetthatoldcargoingagain?
你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?
那农民在雨季前完成了
Thefarmergothisplantingdonebeforetheraincame.种植.
她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备
把帽子和外套放在大厅里
你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?
总应把东西放在能再次找到
别让他在外面雨中等待
以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼
地震将
Shesoongotthechildrenreadyforschool.
3.2leave使保持/处于某种状态
Leaveyourhatandcoatinthehall.
Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?
Alwaysleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.
的地方.
Wholeftthatwindowopen?
谁让窗户开着
Don'tleavehimwaitingoutsideintherain.
Leavesomebody/somethingalone.不要干涉某人或某事.
Leavewellalone.事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了.//不要画蛇添足.
3.3set使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系
setsomebodyathisease使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松
setsomethinginorder使某物井然有序
setsomebodyfree/atliberty使某人获得自由,释放（犯人等）
It'stimewesetthemachinegoing.是我们发动机器的时候了.
Thenewssetmethinking.这消息使我陷入了沉思.
Hesetthefarmlaborertochopwood.他让农场工人去砍伐木材.
IhavesetmyselftofinishthejobbytheendofMay.我决心于五月底前完成那工作.
setathieftocatchathief.
3.4send使某人或某物急剧地移动
Theearthquakesentthecrockeryandcutlerycrashingtotheground.
杯盘刀叉震落在地上
Mindhowyougoyounearlysentmeflying.小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.
Sendthatfellowabouthisbusiness/packing.叫那家伙滚蛋.
Thegoodharvestsentthepricesdown.丰收使物价下跌.
3.5drive使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事
Failuredrovehimtodespair/desperation.失败使他绝望.
You'lldrivememad/tomywits'end.你会把我气疯的./你会使我穷尽应付
的.
Hungerdrovehimtosteal.=Hewasdrivenbyhungertosteal.他为饥饿所迫
而偷窃.
3.6keep使某人或某物保持某种状态
Youshouldkeepthechildrenquiet.你要使孩子们静下来.
Thecoldweatherkeptusindoors.寒冷的天气使我们待在家里.
Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.如果你手冷,把它们放在口
袋里.
Willtheykeepmeinprison/custody.他们会监禁/拘留我吗?
I'msorryI'vekeptyouwaiting.很报歉让你久等了.
Thedoctorsmanagedtokeepmegoing.医生们设法让我活下去.
4使役意义动态动词
4.1cause致使,导致（能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语）
Whatcausedhisdeath?
什么导致了他的死亡?
Thishascausedusmuchanxiety.这给我们带来了极大的忧虑.
Whatcausedtheplantstodie.
=whatmadethemdie.）什么使得这些植物枯死
Hecausedtheprisonertobeputtodeath.（=hehadthemputtodeath.）他使
得这些犯人被处死.
4.2force迫使,强迫（宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）forceone'swaythroughacrowd从人群中挤出一条路来.
forceawayin/out/through冲入/出/过
forceanentryintoabuilding强行进入一建筑
forcethewaruponhim强迫某人作战
forcesomeoneintodoingsomething强迫某人做某事
forcesb./oneselftoworkhard迫使某人/自己努力工作
英语中使役动词的用法较复杂,上面仅就常见常用类作一小结,以供大家参考,还有一些类型可能未被总结出来,初中部分一haveletmake为重
使役动词练习
1．Ihave
heard
both
teachers
andstudents
wellof
him.
Ato
speak
B
spoken
C
tohave
spoken
D
speak
2．Theyaregoing
to
havethe
serviceman___
_an
electric
fan.
Ainstall
B
toinstall
Cto
be
installed
Dinstalled
3．They'll
have
you_
ifyoudon'
tpay
your
taxes.
Ato
bearrested
B
arrest
C
arrested
Dbei
ngarrested
4．Theyknowher
very
well.Theyhad
seen
her
___up
一、单项选择
Agrow
Bgrew
C
wasgrowing
Dtogrow
5．Isthisfridgeyouwishtohave?
od
weighed
9．Janewasmadeto
thetruckfor
aweekasapunishment.
Ato
wash
Bwashing
Cto
be
washingD
wash
10．The
missingboys
werelastseen__
__near
the
river.
Aplaying
Btobeplaying
Cplay
Dplay
ing
11．The
police
weretold
thatsomeboys
wereseen
___on
thestr
eet.
Aplaying
Bto
beplaying
Cplay
D
to
playing
12．Paul
doesn'
thavetobemade
_.Healways
works
hard.
Ato
learn
B
learn
C
learned
D
learning
13.Ellen
wasabsentthis
morning,
shehadherteeth
Afilling
B
filled
C
tofill
Dfill
14．The
manager
discussed
theplan
that
theywould
like
tosee
___thenextdoor.
AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout
15．Ifyouwanttobuyanexpensivecamera,wehaveseveralmodels___.
AtobechosenBtochoosefrom
CtochooseDforchoosing
16．Theexaminermadeusouridentificationinordertobea
dmittedtothetextcenter.
AshowingBshowCshowedDtoshow
17．Weweretoldtohaveourreadingroomafterschool.
AcleanBtocleanCcleaningDcleaned
18．Theymadeafire___uptheroom,assoonastheirleadercameback.
AwarmBwarmedCtowarmDwarming
19．Ioftennoticedtheboy
schoolalone
verysoon.
Aleave
Bleft
C
leaving
Dtonotice
20.Thepeople's
government
does
itbestto
havingtheliving
s
tandardofthe
people.
Arisen
Braise
C
rise
Draised
21．Yourbrotherlookstired,What'swrongwithhim
Well,that'sbecausehisbosshadhimallday.
AworksB
to
work
Cworking
Dworked
22.Jennyhopesthat
Mr.
Smithwill
suggesta
goodwayto
have
herwrittenEnglish
inashort
period.
Aimproved
B
improving
Cto
improve
Dimp
rove
23．Didyounoticethelittleboyaway?
AtookthecandyandrunBtakingthecandyandrun
CtakethecandyandrunDwhentakingandrunning
24．Ismellsomething___inthekitchen,canIcallyoubackin
aminute?
beingburntDtobeburnt
二、用所给动词适当形式填空
Jimnoticedapurse（lie）onthegroundonhisway
toschool.
6.
7.Letthelittlegirl（sit）down.
8.Whentheteacher
camein1noticedhim
（smile）.
9.Isawthelight
（亮着）andthe
door
.（关着）.
10.
Hismother'sbike
isbroken.Shewill
haveit
（repair
）.
11.Thestudentsareoftenmade（take）differentextracla
ssesafterschool.
12.Hewasoftenheard（sing）
三、将下列句子变成动语态
1.Isawhimlisteningtotheradio
2.Hismothermadehimcleantheroom
3.Ourteacheroftenmakesmelaugh
4.
Englishsongs.
justnow.
yesterday.
inclass.
Inoticedadogcomein.
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