考研英语阅读及答案.docx

考研英语阅读及答案.docx

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考研英语阅读及答案

SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdon'tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,diestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

DoesthatmeantheunitingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcasepreviousargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopinionisparticularly.Polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politicsand"embody"aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionistheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticancityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope'smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-healed）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy'sworstenemies.

21、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan_____.

A.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

B.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

C.endedhisreigninembarrassment

D.easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

正确答案是：

C

22、MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropeanmostly_____.

A.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

B.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

C.togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

D.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

正确答案是：

A

23、Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

_____.

A.Aristocrats'excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

B.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

C.Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

D.Thenobility'sadherencetotheirprivileges.

正确答案是：

C

24、TheBritishroyals"havemosttofear"becauseCharles_____.

A.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

B.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

C.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

D.failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

正确答案是：

B

25、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

_____.

A.Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

B.Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

C.Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

D.Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

正确答案是：

B

Text2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect'spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof"cloudcomputing."meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26、TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto_____.

A.searchforsuspects'mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

B.checksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

C.preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

D.prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

正确答案是：

B

27、Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof_____.

A.tolerance.

B.indifference.

C.disapproval.

D.cautiousness.

正确答案是：

C

28、Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto_____.

A.gettingintoone'sresidence.

B.handingone'shistoricalrecords.

C.scanningone'scorrespondences.

D.goingthroughone'swallet.

正确答案是：

A

29、InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat_____.

A.principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

B.thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

C.phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

D.citizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

正确答案是：

D

30、OrinKerr'scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat_____.

A.theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

B.NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

C.California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

D.PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

正确答案是：

B

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

"Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,"writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors（SBoRE）.Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal'sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:

"Thecreationofthe'statisticsboard'wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish."

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto"playprimarilyanadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoinbecausehe"foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience."

31、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat_____.

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

正确答案是：

B

32、Thephrase“flaggedup”（Para.2）istheclosestinmeaningto_____.

A.found.

B.revised.

C.marked

D.stored

正确答案是：

C

33、GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay_____.

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience'scirculation.

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

正确答案是：

D

34、DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow_____.

A.addstoresearchers’workload.

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

正确答案是：

C

35、Wh